Muscles of Facial Expression PDF

Muscles of facial expression [Oral and Dental Sciences] Miss H Rogers GDC ILOS  1.1.5 Describe relevant and appropriate dental, oral, craniofacial and general anatomy and explain their application to patient management  1.1.6 Describe relevant and appropriate physiology and expl...

Muscles of facial expression [Oral and Dental Sciences] Miss H Rogers GDC ILOS  1.1.5 Describe relevant and appropriate dental, oral, craniofacial and general anatomy and explain their application to patient management  1.1.6 Describe relevant and appropriate physiology and explain its application to patient management Related topics:  Anatomical terminology  Muscles  Skull  Regional anatomy 2 Aim To gain an overview of the muscles involved in facial expressions, and their functions Learning Outcomes By the end of this lecture you should be able to: 1.List the muscles of facial expression 2.Outline the origin, insertion, action, innervation, and blood supply for each muscle 3  Most facial muscles originate from bone or fascia and insert into the skin  They are all innovated by the facial nerve, and supplied by the facial artery Qu: Can you name the 5 branches of the facial nerve?  When contracted they move the facial skin in various ways that can reflect our emotions- giving them the name ‘muscles of facial expression’ 4 Facial expression muscle functions: Other than helping to show emotions or expressions, what other functions do you think the facial muscles have? Speech Mastication The muscles lie in the subcutaneous fascia and can be subdivided into where they are situated: Mouth Scalp Neck Eyes Nose Ears We are going to work through the muscles included in each subgroup 6 Why do you think it is important that we know what these muscles are and their associated actions? 7 Grab a mirror and get ready to pull some funny faces as we test out your facial muscles! Activity: For each muscle covered, see if you can put them into action yourself… 8 Muscles of Facial Expression: Mouth 9 Orbicularis Oris Circles the oral cavity in lip tissue Origin Some bony attachment (anterior nasal spine and midline above the chin) Insertion Fibres interlace with muscles around the lips 10 Action Closes and opens the mouth, compress the lips, protrusion of the lips Nerve Supply Facial nerve, buccal branch Blood Supply Facial, maxillary & superficial temporal arteries 11 Levator Labii Superioris Origin Lower rim of orbit Insertion Fibres of Orbicularis Oris at the upper lip 12 Action Elevate upper lip Nerve Supply Facial nerve, zygomatic and buccal branches Blood Supply Facial & maxillary arteries 13 Depressor Labii Inferioris Origin Beneath the lowest portion of the oblique line of the mandible Insertion Orbicularis Oris in the lower lip Action Depresses lower lip Nerve Supply Facial nerve, mandibular branch Blood Supply Facial & maxillary arteries 14 Zygomaticus Minor Origin Zygomatic arch Insertion Orbicularis Oris Action Elevate upper lip Nerve Supply Facial nerve, buccal & zygomatic branches Blood Supply Facial artery 15 Zygomaticus Major Origin Zygomatic arch Insertion Travels downwards and medially to blend with Orbicularis Oris at angle of mouth 16 Action Elevate corners of mouth, E.g. during laughter Nerve Supply Facial nerve, buccal & zygomatic branches Blood Supply Facial artery 17 Levator Anguli Oris Origin Canine fossa of the Maxilla, below the infra-orbital foramen Insertion The Orbicularis Oris at corner of the mouth Action Elevates the corner of the mouth Nerve Supply Facial nerve, buccal & zygomatic branch Blood Supply Facial & maxillary arteries 18 Depressor Anguli Oris Origin Beneath angle of the mandible Insertion Converges into the angles of the mouth and blend with Orbicularis Oris 19 Action Depresses corner of mouth Nerve Supply Facial nerve, buccal & mandibular branches Blood Supply Facial & maxillary arteries 20 Mentalis Origin Anterior surface of mandible (incisive fossa) Insertion Skin covering the chin 21 Action Puckers/pulls skin of the chin up Helps the Orbicularis Oris muscle in clearing food from the labial sulcus Nerve Supply Facial nerve, mandibular branch Blood Supply Facial & maxillary arteries 22 Buccinator Origin Pterygomandibular raphae and buccal alveolar bone (in maxillary and mandibular molars regions) Insertion Blend with the Orbicularis Oris at corners of mouth 23 Action Pulls corner of the mouth back and compresses cheek against the buccal surfaces of molars Aids in mastication working in opposition with the tongue to direct food to the occlusal tooth surfaces Nerve Supply Facial nerve, buccal branch Blood Supply Facial & maxillary arteries 24 Risorius Origin Angle of the mandible Insertion Corner of the mouth Action Retract the angle of the mouth, assists in smiling Nerve Supply Facial never, buccal branch Blood Supply Facial artery 25 Muscles of Facial Expression: Scalp 26 Occipitofrontalis Consists of 3 parts: Frontalis Occipitalis Galea Aponeurotica The one associated with facial expression is the frontalis Origin Connective tissue of the scalp Insertion Skin of the frontal regions of the eyebrows 27 Action Pulls scalp up and back- elevates eyebrows and wrinkles scalp Nerve Supply Facial nerve, temporal branch Blood Supply Superficial temporal &opthalmic arteries 28 Muscles of Facial Expression: Neck 29 Platysma Origin Clavicle & shoulder Insertion Lower border of mandible, skin & muscle of lower face & mouth Action Pulls down corners of mouth (grimace), and wrinkles skin of chin & neck Nerve Supply Facial nerve, cervical branch Blood Supply Facial artery & thyrocervical trunk 30 Muscles of Facial Expression: Eyes 31 Orbicularis oculi (in 2 parts) 1. Orbital 2. Palpebrae  Horseshoe shape encircling  Originates from the medial the eye palpebral ligament and arches  Originates from the bone of laterally within the eyelid the upper medial orbital margin Action: Action:  Closes the eye forcefully  Close eyes gently (blinking) 32 Nerve Supply Facial nerve, zygomatic & temporal branches Blood Supply Superficial temporal, facial & maxillary arteries 33 Corrugator Origin Bridge of the nose Insertion Skin of the lateral part of eyebrow Action Pulls eyebrows medially (frown) Nerve Supply Facial nerve, temporal branch Blood Supply Superficial temporal artery 34 Procerus Origin Bridge of the nose Insertion Medial end of the eyebrows Action Pulls eyebrows down (frown), and wrinkling of the nose Nerve Supply Facial nerve, zygomatic branch Blood Supply Facial artery 35 Muscles of Facial Expression: Nose 36 Nasalis The nasalis is made up of 2 parts that open and close the nostrils: 1.Dilator Naris 2.Compressor Naris Nerve Supply Facial nerve, buccal branches Blood Supply Facial artery 37 1. Dilator Naris  Origin: The nasal margin of the maxilla  Insertion: Skin of the nostril  Action: Flares the nostrils 2. Compressor Naris  Origin: The top of the maxillary canine ridge  Insertion: Midline over the nasal cartilage  Action: Closes the nostrils 38 Muscles of Facial Expression: Ears 39 There are 3 muscles that act on the external ear: Anterior Auricular Superior Auricular Posterior Auricular 40 Anterior Auricular Origin The scalp and temporal fascia Insertion Anterior medial aspect of the helix of the ear Action Pulls the ear slightly forward Nerve Supply Facial nerve, temporal branch Blood Supply Posterior auricular artery 41 Superior Auricular Origin Scalp and temporal fascia Insertion Superior medial aspect of the ear Action Raises the ear Nerve Supply Facial nerve, temporal branch Blood Supply Posterior auricular artery 42 Posterior Auricular Origin Superior lateral aspect of the mastoid process Insertion Inferior medial aspect of auricle the ear Action Pulls the ear back Nerve Supply Facial nerve, temporal branch Blood Supply Posterior auricular artery 43 Changes to the muscles 44 There are a number of conditions that may affect the functionality of the facial muscles, can you think of any? Bell’s Palsy  Stroke  Surgery  What impact might these have on the patient? How might they influence the delivery of treatment? 45 Summary Complete the table below, or create your own, to summarise the muscles of facial expression. Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Blood Action Supply 46 Additional resources Websites https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-facial- muscles YouTube Sam Webster-Muscles of facial expression (anatomy) https://youtu.be/uKVw2iBP7gw Sam Webster- Facial nerve & facial expression (anatomy) https://youtu.be/72ogaHytqhk Muscles of facial expression and mastication https://youtu.be/EUVD8cwKfFQ 47 References  Visiblebody.com. 2020. The Visible Body Blog | Anatomy & Physiology. [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 December 2020].  Kenhub.com. 2020. Facial Muscles. [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 December 2020]. 48