Motion, Work, Power, and Energy PDF

MOTION Motion:- jab koi body apne surrounding k respect me apna jagah change krta hai tb hm kah sakte hai ki body motion me hai. Uniform motion:- jab koi body constant speed se chalta hai, time k sath apna speed change nhi krta hai tb hm kah sakte hai ki body uniform motion me hai. Non-Uniform motio...

MOTION Motion:- jab koi body apne surrounding k respect me apna jagah change krta hai tb hm kah sakte hai ki body motion me hai. Uniform motion:- jab koi body constant speed se chalta hai, time k sath apna speed change nhi krta hai tb hm kah sakte hai ki body uniform motion me hai. Non-Uniform motion:- jab koi body constant speed se nhi chalta hai, time k sath apna speed change krte rahta hai tb hm kah sakte hai ki body uniform motion me hai. Motion in straight line:- jab koi body ek hi direction me motion kre to hm kah sakte hai ki body straight line me motion kr rhi hai. Distance:- Total path(Actual path) covered by an object or body is called distance. SI Unit meter 'm'. It is a scalar quantity. Displacement:- Moving body ke starting point and ending point ke bich shortest distance ko displacement kahte hai. SI Unit meter 'm'. It is a vector quantity. Displacement ≤ Distance Speed:- Koi bhi body 1 second me jitna distance cover karta hai, wah body ka speed kahlata hai. SI Unit meter per second 'm/s'. It is a scalar quantity. 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 speed= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 Uniform speed:- Jab koi body equal time interval me equal distance cover karta hai to use uniform speed kahte hai. Non-uniform speed:- Jab koi body equal time interval me equal distance cover nhi karta hai, ya Jab koi body equal distance cover karne me equal time nhi leta hai to use non-uniform speed kahte hai. Average speed:- Total distance travelled by a body in total time is called average speed. 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 average speed= 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 Instentaneous Speed:- Kisi bhi particular time pe kisi body k speed ko instentaneous Speed kahte hn. Velocity:- Koi bhi body 1 second me jitna displacement cover karta hai, wah body ka velocity kahlata hai. SI Unit meter per second 'm/s'. It is a vector quantity. 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 velocity= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 Uniform velocity:- Jab koi body equal time interval me equal displacement cover karta hai to use uniform velocity kahte hai. Non-uniform velocity:- Jab koi body equal time interval me equal displacement cover nhi karta hai, ya Jab koi body equal displacement cover karne me equal time nhi leta hai to use non-uniform velocity kahte hai. Average velocity:- Total displacement travelled by a body in total time is called average velocity. 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦+𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑣+𝑢 Avg velocity= or, Avg velocity= Avg velocity= 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 2 2 Instentaneous Velocity:- Kisi bhi particular time pe kisi body k velocity ko instentaneous veocity kahte hn. Acceleration:- The rate of change of velocity of a body is called acceleration. SI unit is meter per second square 'm/s2' It is a vector quantity. 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦−𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑣−𝑢 acceleration= a= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡 Where u= starting velocity, v= final velocity, t=time, a= acceleration. Equation of motion:- 1. v = u + at 1 2. S = ut + 2at2 3. v2 – u2 = 2as or v2 = u2 + 2as Where u= starting velocity, v= final velocity, t=time, a= acceleration, S= displacement. Equation of motion under gravity:- CASE I :- if body moving downwards 1. v = u + gt 1 2. S = ut + 2gt2 3. v2 – u2 = 2gs or v2 = u2 + 2gs CASE II :- if body moving upwards then take g = - g 1. v = u - gt 1 2. S = ut - 2gt2 3. v2 – u2 = - 2gs or v2 = u2 - 2gs Where u= starting velocity, v= final velocity, t=time, g= acceleration due to gravity, S= displacement. Circular motion:- Jab koi body kisi circle me ya circular path me motion kar rha ho to use circular motion kahte hn. 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑑ℎ𝑖) 2𝜋𝑟 22 Speed = or, Speed = where π = and r = radius of the circular path 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡 7 Force:- It is a push or pull on an object, jisase koi body accelerate hoti hai ya accelerate hone ki koshish karti hai. It is a vector quantity. SI unit is Newton ‘N’. It is measured as product of mass and acceleration. F= ma, where F= force applied, m= mass of a body, a= acceleration. Balanced Force:- Jab bhi koi body par 2 ya usase jyada force lagta hai or sabhi forces ka sum (Net force) zero ho jata hai to use Balanced force kahte hai. kisi bhi body k upar balance force lagne par usame acceleration nhi hoti hai. Un-balanced Force:- Jab bhi koi body par 2 ya usase jyada force lagta hai or sabhi forces ka sum (Net force) zero nhi hota hai to use Un-balanced force kahte hai. Types of Force:- Contact force:- Jab bhi kisi body k upar force lagane k liye agar use contact (interact) me aana pade, to use contact force kahte hai. ex- friction force, Tension force, spring force, Muscular force etc. Non-contact force:- Jab bhi kisi body k upar bina contact (interact) me aaye force lagata hai to use non- contact force kahte hai. ex- Magnatic force, electrostatic force, gravitational force, etc. Difference between Weight and Mass:- Mass- Mass kisi bhi body me present total substance hota hai. yah place and time ke sath nhi change hota. yah kbhi bhi zero nhi ho sakta. yah scalr quantity hai. Weight:- Weight kisi bhi body par gravity k dwara lagaya gya force hota hai. yah place and time k sath change hota hai. (ex- moon pe kisi bhi body ka weight earth pe weight ka 1/6th part hota hai.) yah vector quantity hai. Apparent weight in the Lift:- I. If lift is at rest or moving uniformely then w = mg II. If lift is accelerating upward then w = m(g+a) III. If lift is accelerating downward then w = m(g-a) Linear Momentum:- Kisi bhi body ke mass and velocity k product ko linear momentum kahte hai. yah ek vector quantity hai. ise small p se denote karte hai. SI unit kilogram meter per second ‘kgm/s’ hote hai. p = mv Law of conservation of linear momentum:- Jab tak kisi system (group of body or body) pe koi external force nhi lag rha hai tb tk us system (group of body or body) ka momentum wahi rahega change nhi hoga. Moment of force:- Force ke turning effect ko hi moment of force kahte hai. Moment of force, applied force and turning point se applied force k bich ke distance ke product k equal hota hai. SI unit Newton meter ‘Nm’ hota hai. yah ek vector quantity hai. Inertia :- Inertia matter ka property hai jisake through koi bhi body agar rest me hai to rest me hi rahega, uniform motion me hai to uniform motion me hi rahega, jab tak us body pe koi external force apply na kiya jaye. Types of Inertia:- 1. Inertia of rest :- koi bhi body apni rest position ko change nhi karna chahta, agar koi external force lagra bhi hai to body us force ko oppose karta hai. Ise static inertia bhi kahate hai. ex- 2. Inertia of motion :- jab bhi koi body uniform motion k sath straight line me move kar rha hai to wah move karte rahega, agar koi external force uski movement me koi change karna chahega to o use oppose karega. ex- 3. Inertia of Direction:- jab bhi koi body uniform motion k sath straight line me move kar rha hai to wah usi direction me move karte rahega, agar koi external force uski direction me change karna chahega to o use oppose karega. ex- Newton’s law of motion:- I. Newton’s 1st law of motion:- Agar koi bhi object rest me ha to wah rest me hi rahega , agar koi object uniform motion me hai to wah uniform motion me hi rehega, jab tak us body pe koi external force na lage. Ise law of inertia bhi kahte hai. II. nd Newton’s 2 law of motion:- The rate of change of linear momentum is directly proportion to applied force. III. Newton’s 3rd law of motion:- For every action, there is equal and opposite reaction. The Universal Law of Gravitational:- According to The Universal law of gravitation, Universe me sabhi object ek dusare pe force lagati hai, or yah force body ke mass k directly proportional hota hai, and dono k bich k distance k inversely proportional hota hai. Work:- Jab bhi kisi body pe koi force F apply hota hai and body S displacement se Force k direction me displace ho jati hai to ham kah sakte hai ki work hua. It is a scalar quantity. SI unit is Joule ‘J’. Work = Force × Displacement or, W=F×S Energy:- Ability to do work is called Energy. It is a scalar quantity. SI unit is joule “J ‘. Types of Energy:- 1. Potential Energy:- The energy stored in the body due to its position is called its potential energy. i. Gravitational potential energy- The energy stored in the body due to its hight from the earth surface is called gravitational potential energy. ii. Elastic potential energy(Spring potential energy)- Force lagakar Kisi elastic body (or spring) k shape ko change karne me jitna work done hota hai use elastic potential energy kahte hai. iii. Electric potential energy:- Kisi bhi change ko electric field se displace karne me jo work done hota hai use electric potential energy kahte hai. 2. Kinetic energy:- Kisi bhi body me usake motion ki wajah se jo energy stored hoti hai use kinetic 1 energy kahte hai. K.E. = 2mv2 where m= mass of the body, v = velocity of the body. Power:- The rate of doing work is called power. It is scalar quantity. SI unit is Watt ‘W’. Other unit is J/s. It is also measured in Horsepower (Hp). 1Hp = 746 Watt.