Upper and Lower Tooth Morphology (PDF)

Upper Central Incisor Upper Lateral Incisor Upper Canine Length Average: 22.5 mm Average: 21 mm Average: 26.5 mm (highest) (21 – 25.6)...

Upper Central Incisor Upper Lateral Incisor Upper Canine Length Average: 22.5 mm Average: 21 mm Average: 26.5 mm (highest) (21 – 25.6) (20.5 – 25.1) (23.1 – 28.9) Canals One canal: 99.4% One canal: 93.4% One canal: 96.5% 2nd Canal: 0.6% 2nd Canal: 6.6% 2nd Canal: 3.5% (buccal – lingual) Lateral Canal: 24% Lateral Canal: 10% Lateral Canal: 24% Curvature - Straight: 75% - Straight: 30% - Straight: 39% - Distally curved: 8% - Distally curved: 53% - Distally curved: 32% - Mesially curved: 4% - Mesially curved: 3% - Mesially curved: 0% - labial: 9% - labial: 4% - labial: 13% - lingual: 4% - Bayonet: 6% - lingual: 7% - Bayonet: 7% Pulp Chamber - in the center of the tooth - In the center of the tooth - In the center of the tooth: - 3 pulp horns: mamelons - 2 pulp horns triangular in shape - Wider mesiodistally (ovoid) than - Wider labiolingually. buccolingual (the only tooth) - 1 pulp horn Root Canal - One root canal, one canal - Finer than central incisor - Wider labiolingually than - Lateral Canals: 24% in the apical part - Wider labiolingually mesiodistally - 17% with labial and palatal curvature. Cross- sections - Cervical: Triangular - Cervical: ovoid to triangle - Cervical: ovoid - Middle: Ovoid - Middle: ovoid - Middle: ovoid - Apical: Round - Apical: round - Apical: round  lower Central Incisor Lower Lateral Incisor lower Canine Length Smallest tooth Average: 22.4 mm Similar to upper canine, but smaller Average: 21.5 mm (24.6 – 20.2) Average: 25.2mm (highest) (23.4 – 19.6) (27.5- 22.9) Canals - One canal 73% - One canal 56.9% One canal: 94% - In some cases, 2 canals, labial straight - In some cases, 2 canals, labial straight 2nd Canal: 6% (buccal – lingual) and the other is lingual: and the other is lingual: Lateral Canal: 9.5% o 2 canals with one foramen: 26% o 2 canals with one foramen: o 2 canals with 2 foramina: 6.5 % 14.7% - Lateral canals: 5.2 % o 2 canals with 2 foramina: 29.4 % Lateral canals: 13.9 % Curvature - Straight labial canal 60% - Straight labial canal 60% - Straight labial canal 68% - Distal curve 23% - Distal curve 23% - Distal curve 20% - Mesial curve 0% - Mesial curve 0% - Mesial curve 1% - Labial curve 13% - Labial curve 13% - Labial curve 7% - lingual curve 0% lingual curve 0% - Lingual curve 0% - Bayonet 2% Pulp Chamber - in the center of the tooth - In the center of the tooth - In the center of - 3 pulp horns: - Same as lower central, but larger. the tooth: oval in mamelons shape, tapered - Flat mesiodistally. incisally, broader - Labiolingually, it is cervically. wider and ovoid cervical, then it tapers incisal. Root Canal - One root canal - More than 1 root. - 1 root - In case of short crown, 2 blunted roots, - Have 2 roots in 2.3% with 2 canals divided cervically. - Cross- sections - Cervical: ovoid - Cervical: ovoid to triangle - Cervical: ovoid - Middle: ribbon - Middle: ovoid (8 dumbbell) - Middle: ovoid - Apical: round (center in case of 25%) - Apical: ovoid (8 dumbbell) – (in the - Apical: round center of the tooth in 20%)