ML GIT.pdf

Digestive System Medical Language Lecture 6 By Dr. Sawsan Dari Sabri MBChB.CABP&Dip in Pediatric &Neonatology First Year –ASHUR Medical Collage  OBJECTIVE 1. Identify the parts of digestive system 2. Recognize the functions of digestive system. 3. Identify every parts in details. 4. Re...

Digestive System Medical Language Lecture 6 By Dr. Sawsan Dari Sabri MBChB.CABP&Dip in Pediatric &Neonatology First Year –ASHUR Medical Collage  OBJECTIVE 1. Identify the parts of digestive system 2. Recognize the functions of digestive system. 3. Identify every parts in details. 4. Recognize the accessory parts. 5. Identify some terminology 6. Recognize some pathological conditions  Parts of Digestive System There are two groups of organs 1 -Alimentary canal [gastrointestinal or GIT ] Which include :Mouth ,pharynx ,esophagus ,stomach ,small intestine ,large intestine ,rectum ,and anus. 2-Accessory organs :which include tooth salivary glands Liver gallbladder and pancreas. Function of Digestive System 1-Ingestion : it is the first process by which food and liquid taken by mouth 2-Secretion: the GIT and accessory organs secrete every day about 7 liters of water, acid, enzymes ,and buffers into the lumen of GIT 3-Mixing and propulsion :this achieved by involuntary contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles peristalses movement so mixing of food and secretion occurs 4-Digestion : there are two types of Digestion : A-Mechanical digestion : occurs by GIT organs. B-Chemical digestion: by enzymes and secretions 5-Absorption: the digested substances absorbed and pass to blood and lymph 6-Defecation: the undigested substances, and wastes, sloughed cells, bacteria expulsed through the anus.  The MOUTH It is the first part of the GIT it breaks up foods and help us to producing speech. The mouth contain the following parts: lips, teeth ,soft and hard palate ,vestibule‫ تجويف‬,tongue, cheeks , gum ,and salivary glands. All involve in the ingestion &Their function are: Lips :sensation of the temperature and texture of food Cheeks: help in chewing Tongue: it is muscular organ which have papilla for test sensation. Also it is important for mastication and chewing. And help in speech  Salivary gland There are -3-pairs of salivary glands : Parotid gland Submandibular gland Sublingual gland The component of saliva are: 1- Enzymes \proteins: -Salivary Amylase which digest starch. -Lipase :which secrete by lingual gland but it act in the stomach. -Lysozyme :kills bacteria. -Immunoglobulin [Antibody] 2-Ions: important for activation of enzymes and maintain PH at 6.5: Chloride..Bicarbonate..Phosphate.  Pharynx It is muscular tube consists of -3- parts : Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx The function of [oropharynx] part : it pass the food to the esophagus Also it help in speech [laryngopharynx]. Pass the air from the nose to the Respiratory tract Esophagus It is a muscle tube its function just to connecting the mouth with stomach.it is 25cm long It has no secretion only in its upper part where it secret mucous to help in passing of the food. It pass through the Diaphragm through Esophageal hiatus. It has a lower sphincter to prevent food reflux from the stomach  Stomach ❖ It is J shaped organ inferior to the Diaphragm. ❖ It connect the esophagus to Duodenum ❖ It is act as reservoir and mixing chamber. ❖ It has four main region. ❖ -The cardia. ❖ -Fundus. ❖ -Body. ❖ -Pyloric part. ❖ It has gastric glands which secret the gastric juice ❖ this generates very acidic environment with PH Between 1.5—3.5 that is necessary for Pepsin enzyme action for protein digestion ❖ So the stomach need mucosal barrier which achieved by mucus secretion. Gastric juice component : Hydrochloric acid :secret from parietal cells.it give acidic media and kill bacteria. Pepsin :from chief cells for protein digestion. Mucus: from epithelial cell. For protection Intrinsic factor ;from parietal cells for absorption of VitaminB12 In the intestine  Small Intestine ❖ Its function : Digestion ,and absorption of nutrient. ❖ Its length is 3 m in living person but increase after death to about 6.5 m. ❖ It has circular fold , villi , and micro villi to increase the surface area for absorption Anatomically small intestine divided into 3 parts 1-Duodenum. 2-Jejunum. 3-Ilium.  Duodenum : It s the first part of the small intestine. Its length is 25 cm [12 fingers length]. Its function : receiving stomach chyme ,pancreatic juice ,and Bile from liver and mixing them. Digestive enzyme secretion. Help in digestion of carbohydrate ,fat ,and proteins. Absorption of water ,electrolytes metal and nutrient. Jejunum : It’s the second part of the intestine its main function is absorption its length 1 m it is always empty Ilium : it’s the last part of small intestine its main function is absorption it is length 2m So at small intestine about 90% of the food is absorbed.  Large Intestine: Anatomically large intestine divided into the following parts : 1-Caecum :Its connected to the small intestine by ileocecal sphincter and in the cecum there is a small vermiform Appendix. 2-Colon :it consist of the followings : Ascending colon. Transverse colon. Descending colon. 3-Sigmoid : which is S shape. 4-Rectum :just above anus. 5-Anal canal :it is the terminal part of the large intestine. Function of large intestine 1-Absorption : about 10% of the water and nutrient absorbed in the large intestine. 2-Production of Vitamin[ K] which is form by bacteria flora present in the large intestine. 3- Get ride of feces which is form of : any waste product that hasn’t been absorbed ,Bacteria ,damaged cells from the epithelial cells The Liver Gall bladder Terminology of digestive system THE TERMS : The meaning Diarrhea : Frequent watery bowel motion ‫اسهال‬ Constipation Difficult defecation ‫امساك‬ Emesis Vomiting ‫تقيؤ‬ Dysphagia Difficulty in swallowing ‫صعوبة البلع‬ Achalasia Difficulty in lower esophageal muscle to relax so got v omiting ‫استرجاع‬ ‫المرئ‬ Chelitis Inflammation of the lips ‫التهاب الشفتين‬ Cholangitis Inflammation of bile duct ‫التهاب القناة الصفراء‬ ‫قرحة المعدة‬ THANK YOU FOR LISTENING