MIC205 Exam 3 Study Guide PDF

**Adaptive Immunity** What are the roles of antibodies in clearing pathogens? Identify foreign substances & activate immune responses. How do antibodies bind to pathogens? What do they bind to? How are antibodies "adaptive"? They bind to the epitope of antigens that are on pathogens. Antibodies...

**Adaptive Immunity** What are the roles of antibodies in clearing pathogens? Identify foreign substances & activate immune responses. How do antibodies bind to pathogens? What do they bind to? How are antibodies "adaptive"? They bind to the epitope of antigens that are on pathogens. Antibodies are adaptive because they bind to specific antigens that target specific pathogens. What are the different types of antibodies? What are their roles? Which can cross the placenta? 1. - - - - 2. - - - - 3. - - - What is TLR and PAMP- where are they found, how do they differ from B cell receptors, antibody-antigen complexes, MHCII -- Tcell Receptors and vice-versa. Differentiate the two types of T cells in their action (Tc and Th) 1. - - - 2. - - - What does binding of the TCR to MHCII-antigen complex trigger? It triggers the release of cytokines that activate NK cells. B-cells can differentiate into what two cells? What are their roles? How is their differentiation triggered? B cells can differentiate into plasma or memory cells. Plasma cells make identical antibodies that respond rapidly to the reintroduction of the same antigen later on. Memory cells remember the pathogen for faster antibody production. Differentiation is determined by Th cells. What are the types of MHC? Who has them? 1. 2. What is the role and types of cytokines? Cytokines are signaling proteins that regulate immune response. - - - - Differentiate Th1 vs. Th2 mediated pathways. Differentiate the responses to type 1 and type 2 interferons. Where do T cells and B cells mature? T cells mature in the thymus. B cells mature in bone marrow. What is the complement cascade? What is the end product? What does the end product do? What are the different roles of IgG? What causes B cells to change from manufacturing IgM to another antibody? A process called class switching that is encouraged by Th cells and secreted cytokines. Where can IgE antibodies end up? What happens when they cross-link with the same epitope of the antigen? IgE antibodies can end up attaching to mast cells, basophils, & eosinophils. When they cross-link, degranulation occurs & causes the release of histamine. This can lead to vasodilation & anaphylactic shock. What are antibodies that coat B cells called? What do they do? Antibodies that coat B cells are called B cell receptors. They complement a specific antigen & produce either IgG or IgM antibodies. What ligands interact between a T cell and and Antigen Presenting Cell? OX40L - OX40 CD80 - CD28 How does adaptive immunity regulate the innate immune response? Adaptive immunity regulates innate immune response by: - How does a Tc response differ from a Th response? 1. - - - - 2. - - - How can body cells be recognized as infected by viruses by NK or Tc cells? MCHI is presented on the surface of infected body cells. Does Tc bind to 'free' antigen circulating in the blood? No, they bind to MCHI. When a mature Th cell interacts with a naïve B cell, what two things can happen? 1. 2. What antibody gives infants partial immunity? IgG; it can cross placenta High levels of IgE is indicative of.... Allergic reaction **Human Microbiome** **Breast Milk/Fetal Development** - - - - **Gut Microbiome** - - **Dysbiosis** - - - - - - - - - **Fecal Transplant** - - **Bifidobacterium** - **Host Communication** - **Lower GI Diseases** Diarrhea - - - Gastroenteritis - **Campylobacter Jejuni** - - - - - - - - **Escherichia Gastroenteritis** - - - a. - - - - b. - - - - c. - - - **Shigella** - - - - - - - **Salmonella Enterica** - - - - - **Salmonella Enterica Typhi** - - - - - **Vibrio Cholera** - - - - - - - - **Vibrio Hemolytica** - - - **Vibrio Vulnificus** - **Digestive System Disease** **Staphylococcal Food Poisoning** - - - - - - **Helicobacter Pylori** - - - - - - - **Viral Hepatitis** a. - - - - - - - b. - - - - - c. - - - - - - **Protista Diseases** **Naegleria Fowleri** - - - - - - **Leishmaniasis** a. - - b. - c. - - **Trypanosoma** - - - - - - - **Fungi Diseases** - **Mycoses Infections** - - a. - b. - - c. **Blastomyces Dermatitidis** - - - - - a. - - b. - **Aspergillus Fumigatus** - - - - **Candida Auris** - - - - - **Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis** - - **Helminths** **Dracula** - - - - **Enterobius** - - - - **Urogenital** **Balanoposthitis** - - - - **UTI** - - - - **Fournier's Gangrene** - - - - **Bacterial Vaginosis** - **Candida Vaginosis/Yeast Infection** - **Sexually Transmitted Infections** **Trichomonas Vaginalis** - **Gonorrhea** - - - - - - **Chlamydia** - - - **Pelvic Inflammatory Disease** - - - **Syphilis** - - a. - b. - - - c. - - - - d. - - **Pathogenesis** - - - **Herpes Simplex Virus** - - - - - - **Human Papillomavirus** - - **HIV** - - - a. b. c. - **Pubic Lice** -