Arizona College of Nursing BIO 205 Final Exam Study Guide PDF
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ARIZONA COLLEGE OF NURSING
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This document is a study guide for a final exam in microbiology, likely for nursing students. It includes definitions, tables, and practice questions covering topics such as different types of microbes, diseases, sterilization methods, and immune responses. This study guide contains examples and questions relevant to health and disease.
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ARIZONA COLLEGE OF NURSING Study Guide for Final Exam Define the following terms: Term Definition Vegetative cell Sterilization Disinfection Pasteurization Autoclave Antisepsis Vehicle Fomite Etiology Syndrome Remission Resident microbiota Antibody...
ARIZONA COLLEGE OF NURSING Study Guide for Final Exam Define the following terms: Term Definition Vegetative cell Sterilization Disinfection Pasteurization Autoclave Antisepsis Vehicle Fomite Etiology Syndrome Remission Resident microbiota Antibody Transient microbiota Antigen Complete the table for chemical control. Give examples of each. Chemical Mechanism of Action Example Household bleach Glutaraldehyde Ethylene oxide Gas used for sterilization in hospitals. Alcohols Damages the DNA by creation of thymine dimers. Interferes with replication. Gamma Rays and Xray Describe the differences between –cidal and –static. 1. Bactericidal vs Bacteriostatic 2. Fungicidal vs Fungistatic Describe resistant, susceptible, and intermediate. Describe the zone of inhibitions you would expect to see with each type of microbe. Term Description Zone of Inhibition Resistant Susceptible Intermediate Complete the table regarding mode of action or target, and drugs in these categories. Explain if the drug is bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Mode of Action Bacteriostatic or Drugs Bactericidal Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Protein synthesis inhibitor Disruption of membranes Nucleic acid inhibition Metabolic pathway block Answer the following questions. 1. If pathogen A is more resistant to an erythromycin disc on a Kirby-Bauer plate compared to pathogen B, then pathogen A will have a(n) _______ _ zone of inhibition compared to pathogen B. 2. Explain broad vs narrow spectrum antibiotics. Give examples of each. 3. What factors contribute to antibiotic resistance? 4. How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? Describe the different portals of entry. Give examples of each portal. Portal Description Example Respiratory tract Gastrointestinal tract Genitourinary tract Breaches in the skin Transplacental Define signs and symptoms. Give examples of each. Term Definition Example Sign Symptom Define biological and mechanical vectors. Give examples of each. Vector Definition Example Biological Mechanical Complete the Table. Discuss transmission type and infection that is associated with the microbe. Organism Transmission Disease/Infection Polio Virus Bordetella pertussis Rabies virus Malaria Salmonella Herpes simplex virus Amoebic dysentery Norovirus HIV virus Pinworm infection/ anal itching Define the following terms. Give examples of each. Term Definition Example Endemic Epidemic Pandemic Complete the table and describe how these types of lines of immune defenses. Give multiple examples. Term Description Examples 1st Line of Defense 2nd Line of Defense 3rd Line of Defense Complete by providing for each type of immunity the types of immunizing agent used, the relative time until the immunity appears, the relative duration of the immunity, and the source of antibodies. Give an example of each scenario. Type of Source of the Examples of scenario Immunizing Agent Antibodies Immunity A. antigens a. self Type B. antibodies b. non-self Naturally acquired passive immunity Naturally acquired active immunity Artificially acquired passive immunity Artificially acquired active immunity Complete the table and describe how these types of lines of immunoglobulins. Give examples of each. Term Description Examples IgM IgA IgD IgE IgG Condition or Disease Causative Agents Signs and Symptoms Disease Characteristics Meningitis Encephalitis Conjunctivitis Keratitis Endocarditis Catheter- Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBIs) Cellulitis Erysipelas Necrotizing Fasciitis Appendicitis Acute cholecystitis Herpes simplex 1 or 2 Human immunodefici ency virus (HIV) Osteomyelitis Septic arthritis Answer the following questions: 1. What are the risk factors for endocarditis? 2. Conjunctivitis caused by which pathogen can progress rapidly and caused blindness if left untreated? 3. What is the diagnosis for meningitis and encephalitis? 4. What pathogen is the most common cause of hospital associated colitis? 5. Why are transmission rates high for many sexually transmitted infections?
