Global Citizenship Presentation PDF

Global Citizenship Week 2: What is Global Citizenship? Agenda What is a citizen? Rights and responsibilities of a Canadian citizen Globalization Global citizenship Personal Response #1: Due next week Menti: What Does Citizenship Mean to You? This Photo by Unknown...

Global Citizenship Week 2: What is Global Citizenship? Agenda What is a citizen? Rights and responsibilities of a Canadian citizen Globalization Global citizenship Personal Response #1: Due next week Menti: What Does Citizenship Mean to You? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA What is Citizenship? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC Legally The status of a person who lives in a particular country The rights, privileges, and responsibilities of that person E.g. Canadian citizens must obey laws and pay taxes In return, Canadians have the right to vote Socially Ability to participate in a community Eg. Canadian citizens fulfill and debate rights and responsibilities (Ahmed et al., n.d.)  Canadian Citizenship The rights of a Canadian citizen are detailed in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms This document is part of the Constitution of Canada The Constitution Act of 1867 established Canada’s system of government (federal and provincial) The Constitution Act was amended in 1982 when Canada became a nation independent of the United Kingdom, and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms added This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Rights of a Canadian Citizen FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Freedom of conscience and religion — the right to develop, change and practice one’s beliefs Freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression — this includes freedom of speech and of the press Freedom of peaceful assembly (e.g., rallies) Freedom of association (i.e., you can freely join or leave a group) Grey & Gill, 2020) Rights of a Canadian Citizen LEGAL RIGHTS Habeas corpus — the right to challenge unlawful detention by the state Anyone charged with an offence is considered innocent until proven guilty in a court of law DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS Adults (those 18 years and older) have the right to vote in federal, provincial and municipal elections Adults have the right to stand for election to political office Grey & Gill, 2020) Rights of a Canadian Citizen MOBILITY RIGHTS The right to live and work anywhere in Canada The right to enter and leave the country freely The right to apply for a passport INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHTS Treaty or other rights or freedoms of Indigenous peoples cannot be adversely affected by the rights This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under guaranteed in the Canadian Charter of Rights and CC BY-NC Freedoms (ie. The Charter must be interpreted in a way that respects the unique status and diversity of Indigenous peoples in Canada) (Grey & Gill, 2020) Rights of a Canadian Citizen OFFICIAL LANGUAGE RIGHTS AND MINORITY LANGUAGE EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS French and English have equal status in Parliament and throughout the government Citizens have the right to education in either official language This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY MULTICULTURALISM All members of Canadian society have the right to preserve, enhance and share their languages and cultural heritage (Grey & Gill, 2020) Rights of a Canadian Citizen EQUALITY The right to be treated fairly, regardless of gender, age, cultural background, religion, race, or mental or physical disability (Grey & Gill, 2020) Responsibilities of a Canadian Citizen RESPECT OTHERS Respect the rights and freedoms of others Respect the two official languages Respect multiculturalism This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES All individuals and groups must obey the law Citizens are legally required to serve on a jury when called to do so (Grey & Gill, 2020) Responsibilities of a Canadian Citizen DEMOCRATIC RESPONSBILITIES Citizens are responsible to vote in federal, provincial/territorial and local elections PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY Citizens are responsible to look after themselves, including working hard and taking care of their families (Grey & Gill, 2020) Responsibilities of a Canadian Citizen COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Volunteering in the community is an important part of Canadian citizenship PROTECTING HERITAGE AND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC ENVIRONMENT All citizens are responsible to avoid waste and pollution, and to protect Canada’s natural, cultural and architectural heritage for future generations (Grey & Gill, 2020) How are the Voices of Canadian Citizens Heard? Voting in federal, provincial, and municipal elections to choose representatives in Parliament, provincial legislatures, and local councils Participating in referendums or plebiscites on important issues, such as constitutional amendments Contacting elected representatives or government officials to express opinions and concerns  How are the Voices of Canadian Citizens Heard? Joining political interest groups to advocate for causes, values, or interests Engaging in peaceful protest, demonstrations, petitions, or campaigns to raise awareness, demand change, or oppose This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC government policies or actions Levels of Representation in Canada - Federal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Liberal Party of Canada Member of Parliament in the House of Commons The MP for Sault Ste. Marie is Terry Sheehan (Liberal Party of Canada) Provincial/Territorial Ontario Premier Doug Ford, Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario E.g. The MPP for Sault Ste. Marie is Ross Romano (Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario) Municipal Mayor of Sault Ste. Marie Matthew Shoemaker City Councillors Vary by ward; number of city councillors depends upon the population of the municipality E.g. Sault Ste. Marie has 10 councillors, representing 5 wards  Globalization Globalization as a concept acknowledges that we are becoming increasingly connected economically, culturally, and politically For example: Social movements in one country can spark protests around the world (E.g. Black Lives Matter) Amazon sources products from This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC all over the globe (Ahmed et al., n.d.) Globalization (CFR Education,  Global Village In a village, the actions of one person can affect the everyone else in the community Example: COVID-19 Pandemic Negatives: Easing international travel restrictions led to a spread of the virus Injustices and inequalities were revealed This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY Positives: Scientists collaborated on the production of a viable vaccine (Ahmed et al., n.d.)  Effects of Globalization Positives: Globalization provides markets where products are bought and sold Interconnection and unification Wealth creation and leading people out of poverty Improving quality of life Negatives: Working class has been exploited, especially in developing economies (the rich become richer, and the poor become poorer) Immigrants are often underemployed This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC (Ahmed et al., n.d.)  Global Supply Case Study: Semiconductor Shortage Semiconductors (microchips) are vital components of many different products During the COVID-19 pandemic, manufacturing facilities in the E.U., Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the U.S. were understaffed or closed due to lockdowns and quarantine measures Result: A delay in microchip production, which had a ripple effect on product supply chains Conflict in the Ukraine has also contributed to the shortage, as half of the world’s semiconductor-grade neon gas is produced by two companies in Ukraine, which were forced (CFR Education, to close due to attacks by Russian troops Global Journey of a Smartphone Microchip A Global Semiconductor Shortage | World101 (cfr.org) This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC Citizenship vs Global Citizenship Citizens have legal status, rights, privileges, and responsibilities Global citizenship is a concept that has more to do with morals and ethics Global citizens recognize the interdependence and interconnectedness of all people and the planet Citizens of a country can also This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under be global citizens CC BY-SA Global Citizenship “Global citizenship is a term used to describe the social, environmental, and economic actions taken by individuals and communities who recognise that every person is a citizen of the world.” (Oxfam, 2023) We are all human We are all equal The decisions made in one part of the planet affect the planet as a whole (Oxfam, 2023)  Historical Context of Global Citizenship We have moved from a world where our early ancestors passed down knowledge orally or experienced first-hand Today, we have access to the world’s knowledge, through online technology We can connect with people all This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under over the planet, which creates a CC BY-NC sense of international belonging This means our awareness of inequalities in our world has greatly increased (Ahmed et al., n.d.)  Interconnectedness People from diverse societies are interconnected and part of a global community We can share values, beliefs, ideas, voices, resources, and practices As global citizens, we must work to better the lives of people This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under across the world CC BY-NC (Ahmed et al., n.d.) What is a Global Citizen? (Global Citizen, What Does it Mean to Be a Global Citizen? Awareness of the wider world Understanding our place in the world Actively participating in our community Working with others to make our planet more peaceful, fair, and This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC sustainable (Oxfam, 2023)  Global Citizenship Examples Investigating our views, values and assumptions Exploring social justice issues locally, nationally, and globally Learning about complex global issues Being open to multiple perspectives Applying what we have learned This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND to take action (Oxfam, 2023) How Does Being a Global Citizen Benefit Me? Builds understanding of world events; real-world learning Helps to identify personal values Encourages us to challenge intolerance and ignorance Promotes involvement in local, national, and global communities Assists us in voicing our own opinions Acknowledges that we have the power to This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under act and change our world CC BY-NC-ND (Oxfam, 2023) Concerns of Global Citizens  Economic fairness  Globalization  Equitable distribution of  Social entrepreneurship resources  Social justice  Education  Sustainable economic  Poverty relief development  Cultural identity  Corporate responsibility  Environment towards one another as global Citizens  Human rights  Health  Gender equality (Ahmed et al., n.d.) Discussion: Not My Problem….Or is it? Shein clothing retailer accused of using sweatshop labour Shein suppliers' workers doing 75-hour week, finds probe (bbc.com) Cybersecurity attacks in Estonia Estonia hit by 'most extensive' cyberattack since 2007 amid tensio ns with Russia over Ukraine war | Euronews Accelerated ice melting in Antarctica Red alert in Antarctica: the year rapid, dramatic change hit climate scientists like a ‘punch in the guts’ | Antarctica | The Guardian Responsibilities of Global Citizens Global citizens have moral, ethical, political, and economic responsibilities: 1) Understand one’s own perspective and the perspectives of others in global issues Promote problem-solving by finding common ground Avoid taking sides 2) Respect cultural diversity This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under Respect the world’s different traditions; identify CC BY-SA-NC commonalities Use the best elements of culture to solve global issues (Israel, 2015) 3) Make connections and build relationships with people from other countries and cultures Interact with immigrants in our communities, or connect with people on the internet to understand cultural similarities and differences 4) Understand the ways in which people and countries are interconnected and interdependent Strive to understand how our environmental lifestyles affect the environment in other parts of the world Be aware that human rights violations in other parts of the world affect our own human rights Understand how income inequalities affect the quality of all human lives (Israel, 2015) 5) Understand global issues Impact of resource scarcity, wealth and power gaps, roots of conflict, dimensions of peace- building, global population growth 6) Advocate for greater international cooperation with other nations We must voice our opinions on This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA how countries can work together to solve issues (Israel, 2015) 5) Advocate for the implementation of international agreements, conventions, and treaties related to global issues We must advocate for agreements and treaties to be followed 6) Advocate for more effective global equity and justice Work towards implementing global standards of justice (Israel, and equity 2015) Are You a Global Citizen? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC Personal Response #1 Due Week 3  References Ahmed, K., Anderton, P. Chapman-Nyaho, S., Kipusi, S., Kokkinias, A., Malik, S., Mather, M., McPherson, K., Oladi, S., & Singh, C. (n.d.). Global Citizenship: From Social Analysis to Social Action. SOAOER|Open Learning. Retrieved January 1, 2024, from Global Citizenship: From Social Analysis to Social Action (GNED 500) CFR Education. (2019, June 18). What is Globalization? Understand Our Interconnected World [Video]. YouTube. What Is Globalization? Understand Our Interconnected World | World101 CFR (youtube.com) CFR Education. (2023, March 14). A Global Semiconductor Shortage. World101. A Global Semiconductor Shortage | World101 (cfr.org) Global Citizen. (2023, August 2). Global Citizen [Video]. YouTube. Global Citizen (youtube.com) Grey, J., Gill, J. (2020, September 16). Canadian Citizenship. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Canadian Citizenship | The Canadian Encyclopedia Israel, R. (2015, July). The Rights and Responsibilities of Global Citizenship. The Global Citizens Initiative. The Rights and Responsibilities of Global Citizenship|The Global Citizens' Initiative (theglobalcitizensinitiative.org) Oxfam Education. (2023). “What is Global Citizenship?” Oxfam. What is Global Citizenship? | Education resources | Oxfam GB Global Citizenship Week 3: Essential Skills for Global Citizens Agenda Skills for Global Citizens Media Literacy Cultural Competence Reminder: Personal Response #1 due today Reminder: Action Proposal due next week! Skills for Global Citizenship Graphic by Kisha McPherson and Meera Mather, Centennial College is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International License.  What is Media? Media is a social system that uses mass communication methods to reach large audiences Examples: TV, movies, radio, books, magazines, newspapers, internet, billboards, social media (Ahmed et al., n.d.) Our Use of Media We rely on media as a tool to stay informed, to be entertained, to express our thoughts and opinions, and to keep us connected to others Media is a powerful force that influences and shapes our perceptions, and our opinions BUT media messages are not always reliable This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA (Ahmed et al., n.d.) Information Pollution Every day, we are bombarded with information Some information that is circulated is false and misleading We must consider the information critically to determine: From where did the information originate? Is the information real and truthful? (CIVIX, 2024)  Critical Media Literacy As part of a global village, media literacy is a crucial skill that helps us critique and analyze media messages Media text is any message that uses words, images, audio, or video When engaging in media text, we must consider all elements (e.g. source, motivation) and the role these elements play in the message We must question the direct and This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under indirect messages of the media text CC BY-NC-ND (Ahmed et al., n.d.)  How to Read Information with a Critical Lens Vertical Reading “Stay on the page” Ask yourself: Does the story sound plausible? Does the site appear to be professional? Are the credentials of the author listed? Lateral Reading “Leave the page” Check: The credibility of the source on Wikipedia, whether or not other credible sources have reported the information, reverse This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under image search CC BY-SA-NC (CIVIX, 2024) Ask Yourself… What is the source of the message? What is the motivation of the News organization message? Professional association To inform To sell Government department/agency To influence Non-profit organization To entertain Lobby group Social movement/social advocacy group Think tank Advertiser Example: Hidden Messages in Advertising (BuzzFeedVideo, Media Bias Media messages are not always neutral or objective Media bias is the slant or perspective used to portray specific issues or people Media bias can also mean that only the dominant ideologies of society are promoted Result: Negative consequences for groups that are marginalized in This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND the form of prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination (Ahmed et al., n.d.)  Media Bias Forms Selection - What stories are covered, or ignored affects the amount and quality of information presented to an audience Framing – Choice of headlines, images, sources, or tone influence how an audience perceives a story Spin – Use of words and phrases to convey a negative attitude towards a person, group, or issue Omission – Exclusion of relevant facts, evidence, or viewpoints Misrepresentation – Manipulation or distortion of facts, data, or statistics to support a specific agenda Media Bias Example One news outlet reports that political candidate A is “leading” against candidate B in a recent poll by 10 points A different news outlet reports that political candidate B is “closing in” on candidate A, and is only trailing by 10 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND points Social Media Affects Public Opinion Online influencers want to sway your opinions (e.g.advertisers,politicians) Social media platforms now rival newspapers and TV for providing current events information People who use social media for personal or social purposes may not be aware of the political implications of their favourite sites and platforms (Ahmed et al., n.d.) Social Media and Interest Groups Social media is a global and influential source of information Interest groups use social media to advance their agendas, and can impact elections, policies, and the lives of citizens Citizens need to understand the harmful consequences of online disinformation (e.g. anti-EU disinformation on Facebook posted by right-wing interest groups influenced the Brexit vote) (Ahmed et al., n.d.)  False Information Two main types of false information: 1) Misinformation When people share information that they believe to be true (but it is not) 2) Disinformation When people share information for the purpose This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under of misleading others (to CC BY-SA influence, or to do harm) (CIVIX, 2024) How False News Spreads (Ted-Ed, Fake News A type of disinformation that tries to manipulate your emotions without facts The hope is that you will share the fake news with others without questioning the information Defense against fake news: Not relying on our emotions when reading online information Solution to fake news: Thinking This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under critically and calmly before reacting to CC BY-NC-ND information (Ahmed et al., n.d.)  Examples of Fake News Stories that claim to have a secret source or insider information that cannot be verified Stories that use sensational headlines or images that do not match the content (clickbait) Stories that appeal to your emotions or prejudices and try to influence your opinions Stories that contain factual errors, logical fallacies, or contradictory statements Stories that are copied or modified from other sources without proper attribution  (Ahmed et al., How to Spot Fake News by IFLA is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license n.d.) Recognizing Disinformation Online – Quick Tips Prioritize Focus on verifying information that is relevant or impactful to you Be Bias-Smart Don’t let online stories sway your feelings or opinions without evidence Maintain Healthy Skepticism Don’t believe everything you see This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA online (Ahmed et al., n.d.) Digital Citizenship Global citizens have the responsibility to navigate the digital environment in a safe, ethical, and respectful manner by: Contributing positively to online communities, and understanding that actions online have an impact Checking the reliability of sources before sharing information Challenging misinformation Managing personal privacy and respecting the privacy of others online Accessing information and content ethically (Media Smarts, n.d.) What is Culture? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND The Cultural Iceberg (Inventculture Nederland, 2023) Cultural Competence The ability to interact and cooperate with people from different cultures (e.g. Adjusting your behavior to suit the cultural context of the situation) An essential skill for working in diverse settings to help prevent conflicts, establish This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY good relationships, and achieve goals when working (Dreasher, with others 2023) Handshake Etiquette (Graebel Relocation, 2015)  Steps to Develop Cultural Competence 1) Develop your self-awareness How does your own culture affect your actions and communication? How do others see you based on your culture? Are ready to change, if needed? 2) Educate yourself about different cultures Spend time exploring the cultures of your classmates and coworkers: Read books and articles Go to cultural events This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed Ask questions under CC BY-SA Actively listen to stories and personal (Dreasher, experiences 2023) 3) Build relationships with individuals from different cultural backgrounds Look for chances to talk and interact with people from different cultures Learn about their views and values 4) Practice active listening When talking with people from different cultures, listen actively and try to understand their views without judging Use empathy: Put yourself in the “shoes” of the other person (Dreasher, 2023) 5) Be flexible and adaptable Understand that different cultures may have different methods of communication and decision-making Be willing to adapt your behavior to suit the needs of others (E.g. Ask your classmate to write you an email if they find verbal communication challenging) 6) Seek feedback and guidance Ask others to give you feedback about your own behaviour and communication This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY skills Be open to positive criticism (Dreasher, 2023) Activity: People Bingo Action Project Check-In  References Ahmed, K., Anderton, P. Chapman-Nyaho, S., Kipusi, S., Kokkinias, A., Malik, S., Mather, M., McPherson, K., Oladi, S., & Singh, C. (n.d.). Global Citizenship: From Social Analysis to Social Action. SOAOER|Open Learning. Retrieved January 1, 2024, from Global Citizenship: From Social Analysis to Social Action (GNED 500) BuzzFeedVideo. (2014, March 21). The Secret Science of Advertising [Video]. YouTube. The Secret Science Of Advertising (youtube.com) CIVIX. (2024). CTRL-F Teaching Resources. https://ctrl-f.ca/en/ Dreasher, Luiza. (2023, May 9). Cultural Competence: What It Is, Why You Need It, and How to Develop It. Mastering Cultural Differences. How to Develop Your Cultural Competence Skills (masteringculturaldifferences.com) Graebel Relocation. (2015, April 9). Greeting Etiquette from around the World [Video]. YouTube. Greeting Etiquette from around the World (youtube.com) Inventculture Nederland. (2023, October 23). Culture Below the Surface: The Cultural Iceberg Analogy – INVENT Culture [Video]. YouTube. Culture Below the Surface: The Cultural Iceberg Analogy – INVENT Culture (youtube.com) Ted-Ed. (2015, August 27). How False News Can Spread- Noah Tavlin [Video]. YouTube. How false news can spread - Noah Tavlin - YouTube What is Digital Citizenship? (n.d.). Media Smarts. What is Digital Citizenship? | MediaSmarts Global Citizenship Week 4: Global Concerns and Cooperation Agenda Global Concerns and Cooperation World Agencies Universal Human Rights Introduction to the SDGs Action Project Proposal: Due today Documentary Review: Due Week 6 Worldometer Worldometer - real time world statistics (worldometers.info) Global Cooperation Global concerns require global cooperation Global organizations play an important role:  Provide a platform for dialogue among countries and diplomatic solutions  Facilitate the creation and implementation of international rules and agreements  Ensure accountability, transparency, and compliance with international law and standards  Mobilize and coordinate resources and expertise to address global issues, which results in greater efficiency and effectiveness of interventions  Monitor and evaluate the progress and impact of actions and interventions North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The first treaty was signed on April 4,1949 by 12 nations, including Canada 32 member countries Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium NATO’s purpose: “to guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means.” Collective defense: An attack against one is an attack against all This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA (NATO, n.d.) Today: 32 NATO members *Finland joined NATO on April 4, 2023 *Sweden joined NATO on March 7, 2024 (NATO, n.d.) NATO Member Countries (O’Kane, European Union (EU) Established in 1993 27 member countries to date Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium Mission: to facilitate cooperation among member countries regarding economic, political, and security issues (CFR Education, 2023)  EU Member Countries (2023) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, (Map of Europe, 2023) The World Trade Organization (WTO) Established in 1995 164 member countries Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Mission: to manage the rules of international trade by This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA negotiating fair and equitable trade agreements among members and settling trade disputes (CFR Education, 2023) WTO Members and Observers WTO | Members and observers of the WTO Group of Twenty (G20) Established in 1999 20 member countries (19 countries plus the EU) Mission: to hold annual summits (different host country each year) addressing This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND global economic concerns and global economic policies Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, European Union (CFR Education, 2023) International Criminal Court (ICC) Established in 2002 123 member countries Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands Mission: to investigate and try those charged with genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes of aggression This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND ICC Members https://www.statista.com/chart/30434/states-parties-to-the-rome-  United Nations Founded in 1945 193 member countries Headquarters: New York City, U.S. Mission: to promote international peace and stability, human rights, and economic development This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY (CFR Education, 2023) Derivative work: Jesuiseduardo, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons United Nations Impact “The United Nations remains the one place on earth where all the world’s nations can gather together, discuss common problems and find shared solutions that benefit all of humanity.” (United Nations, 2024) UN motto: Peace, dignity and equality on a healthy planet The UN has a unique global role 193 Member States express views and discuss a wide range of issues The UN works in every part of the world (peacekeeping, peace-building, conflict prevention, humanitarian assistance) (Baker, n.d.) 4 Purposes of the United Nations (Charter) 1) To maintain international peace and security 2) To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self- determination of peoples; to strengthen universal peace 3) To achieve international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems 4) To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals (United Nations,  UN Involvement Sustainable development Gender equality Environmental protection Advancement of women Refugee protection Governance Disaster relief Economic and social Counter terrorism development International health Disarmament Landmine clearing Promoting democracy Expanding food production Human rights (Baker, n.d.) UN Specialized Agencies World Health Organization (WHO) Responds to global health emergencies, promotes disease prevention and provides access to healthcare This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Provides humanitarian aid to children, including immunizations and disease prevention This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Promotes knowledge-sharing to promote peace and security This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA The World Bank An international financial institution which provides economic aid in the form of loans and grants to developing countries in financial crisis This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) Protects people forced to flee conflict and persecution This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND UN Environment Program (UNEP) Addresses the most serious environmental issues (climate change, nature and biodiversity loss, pollution) This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Works in 170 countries to eradicate poverty, reduce inequalities, and build resilience to crisis Helps countries work towards achieving the SDGs This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Independent groups that focus on specific issues (human rights, environment, health, etc.) and not affiliated with any government or political party Amnesty International Investigates abuses of human rights This Photo by Unknown Author is Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans licensed under CC BY-SA Frontières (MSF) Supports medical humanitarian action and support those facing crises This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY Greenpeace Actively campaigns for environment conservation and preservation of endangered species This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Oxfam Provides international relief and works to end inequality, poverty, and injustice World Wildlife Fund (WWF) An international non-government (NGO) focusing on forests, oceans, wildlife, food, climate, and water Works to conserve nature and reduce the most pressing threats to the diversity of life on earth Engages in advocacy, education, and partnerships This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC with governments, businesses, and communities  The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Is a National Society (not a government institution or an NGO) that is an auxiliary to public authorities Work varies by country Protects and assists victims of armed conflict and other violence This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC Provides humanitarian aid (medical care, water, food, shelter) Activity: New Planet, New Bill of Rights A small new planet has been discovered that has everything needed to sustain human life. No one has ever lived there. There are no laws, no rules, and no history. You will all be settlers here and in preparation your group has been appointed to draw up the bill of rights for this all- new planet. You do not know what position you will have in this country. 1) Give your planet a new name 2) Decide on TEN (10) rights to which all new settlers will be entitled This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY 3) Order the rights in order of importance Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN Human Rights, 2017) Human Rights Index The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) In 2015, the UN members agreed on a common vision for a better world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development The 2030 Agenda includes 17 goals (SDGs) that aim to achieve peace, prosperity, and environmental protection for everyone The SDGs call for global cooperation and urgent action from all countries (developing and developed) to end poverty, improve health and education, reduce inequality, and promote economic growth The SDGs also address the urgent challenges of climate change and the conservation of our oceans and forests Each member state is responsible for setting goals to achieve the SDGs (United Nations, n.d.) Key Terms Sustainability Caring for the environment that sustains us Meeting the social, cultural, and economic needs of people The aim is to preserve our natural world and reduce the impact of lifestyles that consume too many resources Sustainable Development A process to achieve growth and progress physically, economically, environmentally, and socially to improve quality of life without harming the environment and(Baker, depleting resources n.d.)  UN SDGs (United Nations, 169 Targets THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development (un.org) How Do We Measure Progress? The UN Secretary General reports on the SDG progress every year The report is based on global indicators and data from national and regional sources to show the progress in achieving the 17 goals of the 2030 Agenda Every four years, the Global Sustainable Development Report is compiled, written by a group of This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA independent scientists (United Nations, n.d.) Progress Update (Google,  References Ahmed, K., Anderton, P. Chapman-Nyaho, S., Kipusi, S., Kokkinias, A., Malik, S., Mather, M., McPherson, K., Oladi, S., & Singh, C. (n.d.). Global Citizenship: From Social Analysis to Social Action. SOAOER|Open Learning. Retrieved January 1, 2024, from Global Citizenship: From Social Analysis to Social Action (GNED 500) Baker, J. (n.d.). Introduction to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). eCampus Ontario. Introduction to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – Simple Book Publishing (pressbooks.pub). Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, CFR Education. (2023, July 1). Six Essential International Organizations You Need To Know. World101. Six Essential International Organizations You Need to Know | World101 (cfr.org) European Maps (2023).. Map of Europe. EU Map | European Union Map 2023 (mapofeurope.com) Google. (2023, September 18). UN Data Commons foEU Map|European Map 2023r the SDGs|Halftime [Video]. YouTube. UN Data Commons for the SDGs | Halftime (youtube.com) O’Kane, C. (2023, July 11). See map of which countries are NATO members – and learn how countries can join. CBS News. See map of which countries are NATO members — and learn how countries can join - CBS News The 17 Goals. (n.d.). United Nations. THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development (un.org) UN Human Rights. (2017, May 15). Universal Declaration of Human Rights [Video]. YouTube. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (youtube.com) United Nations. (2024). About the United Nations. Better World Campaign. About the UN - Better World Campaign United Nations (2022, September 19). Red Alert- How to meet the Sustainable Development Goals Together|SDG Moment|United Nations [Video]. YouTube. Red Alert - How to meet the Sustainable Development Goals together | SDG Moment | United Nations (youtube.com) United Nations Charter, Chapter1: Purposes and Principles. (n.d.) United Nations. Chapter I: Purposes and Principles (Articles 1-2) | United Nations What is NATO? (n.d.). NATO. https://www.nato.int/nato-welcome/index.html Global Citizenship Week 5: Ending Extreme Poverty Agenda Poverty globally, nationally, and locally Causes and consequences of poverty Child poverty Food insecurity Wealth and Poverty Gap SDGs #1 and #2 Reminder: Test next week in class What were your expenses yesterday? List the items that you used yesterday that cost money. Did you consider things such as: Food, toiletries, housing, utilities, medical/prescriptions, transportation, child care, clothing, pets, laundry, taxes, insurance, household items, education, internet, cable, phones/cell plans, subscriptions If you could only pay for 5 items, what would they be? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND Poverty “Poverty is a state of being in which a person lacks the income (or other means of support) to reliably meet their basic personal needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing.” (World Population Review, 2024) Poverty exists in all countries Poverty threshold: the minimum level of income required to meet basic personal needs (varies by country) This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND Poverty rate: the number of people in a given demographic group whose income falls below the poverty threshold (World Population Review, 2024) Causes of Poverty 1) Lack of access to clean water and nutritious food Up to 2019, 2.2 billion people lacked access to clean drinking water at home 4.2 billion people did not have safe sanitation services 820 million people did not have enough food to eat 2 million children die every year due to severe acute malnutrition 2) Lack of access to basic healthcare Half of the world’s population does not have access to basic healthcare services 3) Inequality or social injustice Fewer opportunities based on gender, race, economic situation, social status, age, and physical ability (World Vision, 2024) 4) Conflict and instability Armed struggle or protracted violence devastates communities and leads to displacement E.g. Syria, Myanmar, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Iraq 5) Lack of education Perpetuates the cycle of poverty Education opportunities limited due to prioritizing other needs, distance to schools, lack of teachers/classrooms/learning materials An estimated 171 million people could be free from poverty if they had only basic reading skills 6) Lack of access to jobs and livelihoods Climate change and conflict affects economies Dangerous working conditions, exploitation, discrimination, unfair pay 7) Poor basic infrastructure Roads, electricity, water networks, railways, mass transit, telecommunications (World Vision, 2024) 8) Climate change A major contributor to poverty and deaths globally Extreme drought destroys harvest and forces people to migrate Increase in forest fires and worsening air pollution An estimated 132 million people will be pushed into poverty over the next 10 years due to climate change 9) Lack of government support Some governments lack programs for food assistance, free healthcare, low- income housing, low-income tax credits, training programs, and financial assistance 10) Lack of financial safety nets Savings accounts, small loans, insurance policies, and microfinancing to overcome financial difficulties (World Vision, 2024) Consequences of Poverty Eradicating poverty in all forms is a significant challenge faced by humanity Poverty compels individuals to make difficult decisions, often weighing necessities such as shelter, healthy food, clothing, and medication Consequences of poverty Food insecurity, social exclusion, inadequate housing, lack of access to essential services Government responses must address causes and consequences (Baker, n.d.) Poverty around the World The extreme poverty line is set at US $2.15/day The number of people worldwide living in extreme poverty had been steadily declining for 30 years But now, the number of people living in extreme poverty has risen by 70 million to more than 700 million people The global extreme poverty rate is now 9.3%, up from 8.4% in 2019 (The World Bank, 2022) Share of Population Living in Extreme Poverty 2022 (Hasell et al., 2022) Rise in Global Poverty As you watch: What are the main reasons for the rise in the number of people facing poverty around the world? (DW News, 2022) Why has the Extreme Poverty Rate Increased? The COVID-19 pandemic Inflation – rising food and energy prices Climate shocks War in Ukraine Global disruption of supply chains Scarcity in agricultural products (The World Bank, 2022) Child Poverty Children who grow up in poverty often lack sufficient food, sanitation, shelter, health care, and education needed to survive and thrive An estimated 356 million children live in extreme poverty Globally, 1 billion children are multi- dimensionally poor (lack basic necessities such as nutrition or clean water Due to the pandemic,100 million addition children are experiencing multi- dimensional poverty (Unicef, 2022) Child Poverty Facts (Unicef, 2022) How to Address and End Child Poverty (Unicef, 2022) Poverty in Canada In Canada, the poverty line is based on the Market Basket Measure (MBM): The point at which a person lacks sufficient income to buy a specific basket of goods and services in their community In 2019 3.7 million people (10.1% of the population) were living in poverty 1 in 10 children (9.7%) under age 18 (Baker, n.d.) Who is Experiencing Poverty in Canada? Single individuals, people with disabilities, children, recent immigrants, single-parent households and First Nations People living on a reserve had disproportionately high levels of poverty Women and individuals who belong to more than one at-risk group are particularly impacted Between 2015 and 2018, the rate of people living below the poverty line fell from 14.5% to 11% BUT recent poverty levels have been greatly impacted by the pandemic, and the effects will not fully be known for some time (Government of Canada, 2021) (Government of Canada, 2021) (Government of Canada, 2021) What Can be Done about Poverty in Canada? (BNN Bloomberg, 2022) Poverty in Sault Ste. Marie 2016 Census of Canada: approximately 6 000 people in Sault Ste. Marie (8.2%) live below the low-income threshold Census Family Low Income Measure Graph (accounts for family needs and family size): 11 000 people (15%) 3 650 people (5%) were Ontario Works recipients Those making income at the poverty level were spending 33% of their income on food (Della-Mattia, 2020) The Global Goals SDG #1: No Poverty GOAL: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Targets: 1) Eradicate extreme poverty 2) Reduce poverty by at least 50% 3) Implement national social protection systems 4) Ensure equal rights to ownership, basic services, technology, and economic resources (including microfinance) 5) Build resilience to environmental, economic, and social disasters 6) Mobilize resources so that policies can be implemented This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND to end poverty 7) Create pro-poor and gender-sensitive policy frameworks (The Global Goals, n.d.) What Can YOU Do? Donate to a Goal 1 charity Donate gently used clothing, books, and furniture to local charities Support campaigns for victims of emergency (e.g. food supplies) Use your voice to fight against extreme poverty Stay informed by following local news and watching for updates on the Global Goals @TheGlobalGoals. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND (The Global Goals, n.d.) Food insecurity and inflation (Global News, 2022) (Food Banks Canada, 2022) Food Bank Stats There were 1.46 million visits to food banks in Canada in March of 2022 despite unemployment rates being the lowest on record for the same month 15% increase compared to March of 2021 35% increase compared to March of 2019 One-third of food bank visitors are children Why? Stagnant provincial social assistance rates The end of pandemic-related benefits Soaring inflation (Food Banks Canada, 2022) SDG #2: Zero Hunger GOAL: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Targets: 1) Universal access to safe and nutritious food 2) End all forms of malnutrition 3) Double the productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers 4) Sustainable food production and resilient agricultural practices 5) Maintain the genetic diversity in food production This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC 6) Invest in rural infrastructure, agricultural research, technology and gene banks 7) Prevent agricultural trade restrictions, market distortions and export subsidies 8) Ensure stable food commodity markets and timely access to information (The Global Goals, n.d.) What Can YOU Do? Donate to a Goal 2 charity Buy local and in-season food, or even start a garden Eliminate food waste by freezing fresh produce and leftovers Buy “imperfect” fruit and vegetables Consume less meat and try one vegetarian day/week Stay informed by following local news and watching for updates on the Global Goals @TheGlobalGoals. (The Global Goals, n.d.) The Cycle of Poverty To escape poverty, people need access to education, proper health care and sanitation, access to clean water, and job opportunities People in poverty cannot get better jobs without being able to improve their situation They cannot improve their situation without better jobs (World Population Review, 2024) Breaking the Cycle of Poverty Organizations such as the United Nations, World Vision, and Global Citizen work with governments to improve: Access to clean water Adequate food Affordable education Health care Other needs (World Population Review, 2024) Wealth and Poverty Gap Economic inequality: The gap between the rich and the poor May occur within a country or among countries The Gini coefficient: Measures the distribution of wealth or income across a population 0 = perfect equality 1= all the wealth is held by one individual This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA (LibreTexts, 2021) GINI Coefficient (index) (LibreTexts, 2021) GINI Coefficients Highest Lowest 1. South Africa – 63 1. Slovakia – 23.2 2. Namibia – 59.1 2. Belarus – 24.4 3. Suriname – 57.9 3. Slovenia – 24.4 4. Zambia – 57.1 4. Armenia – 25.2 5. Central African Republic – 56.2 5. Czech Republic – 25.3 6. Eswatini – 54.6 6. Ukraine – 25.6 7. Colombia – 54.2 7. Moldova – 26 8. Mozambique – 54 8. United Arab Emirates – 26 9. Hong Kong – 53.9 9. Iceland – 26.1 10. Botswana – 53.3 10. Belgium – 27.2 (Wisevoter, n.d.) Reasons for Economic Inequality Discussion: Why do you think there is such a gap between those who are rich and those who are poor? Inequality in wages and salaries Taxes The income gap between highly skilled workers and Education low-skilled or no-skills workers Computerization and growing technology Wealth concentration in the hands of a few Racism individuals or institutions Gender Labor markets Culture Globalization Innate ability Technological changes Policy reforms (LibreTexts, 2021) Initiatives to Reduce Economic Inequality Increase the supply of skilled labor through public education Use progressive taxation, where the rich are taxed proportionally more than the poor Minimum wage legislation to help the lowest income workers Nationalization or subsidization of products which reduce or eliminate the cost of basic goods and services (e.g.food, healthcare, and housing) so that the lowest This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND income earners have greater purchasing power (LibreTexts, 2021) Minimum wage in the news Current minimum wage in Ontario, as of October 1, 2024 is $17.20 BUT is this enough? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND Living wage A living wage is NOT the same as minimum wage, which is legislated by the government Living wage is the hourly earnings required to cover the actual basic costs for food, shelter, transportation, child care, and recreation in a particular community *Based on a family of four, a single mother, or a single adult (Ontario Living Wage Network, 2023) References 10 major causes of poverty and how we can help solve them. (2022, March 1). World Vision. 10 Major Causes of Poverty | World Vision Canada Baker, J. (n.d.). Introduction to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). eCampus Ontario. Introduction to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – Simple Book Publishing (pressbooks.pub). Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License BNN Bloomberg. (2022, December 23). Taking Stock – Poverty in Canada [Video]. YouTube. Taking Stock - Poverty in Canada (youtube.com) Building Understanding: The First Report of the National Advisory Council on Poverty. (2022, April 21). Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/programs/poverty-reduction/national-advisory-council/reports/2020-annual.html Della-Mattia, E. (2020, February 21). Poverty progress report sets stage to develop local solutions. The Sault Star. Poverty progress report sets stage to develop local solutions | Sault Star DW News. (2022, July 7). Global poverty surges amid Ukraine war|DW News [Video]. YouTube. Global poverty surges amid Ukraine war | DW News (youtube.com) End poverty in all its forms everywhere. (n.d.) United Nations. Goal 1 | Department of Economic and Social Affairs (un.org) Gini Coeffcient by Country. (n.d.). Wisevoter. https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/gini-coefficient-by-country/ Global News. More than half of Canadians worry about feeding family amid inflation: poll [Video]. YouTube. More than half of Canadians worry about feeding family amid inflation: poll (youtube.com) Growing Gap Between Rich and Poor. (2021, February 20). LibreTexts Social Sciences. https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/Introduction_to_Sociology/Book%3A_Sociology_(Boundless)/09%3A_Stratification_Inequality_and_Social_Class_in_the_U.S./9.04%3A_Social_Mo bility/9.4B%3A_Growing_Gap_Between_Rich_and_Poor Hunger Count. (2022). Food Banks Canada. https://hungercount.foodbankscanada.ca/assets/docs/FoodBanks_HungerCount_EN_2022.pdf No Poverty. The Global Goals. (n.d.). Goal 1: No Poverty - The Global Goals Understanding Poverty. (2022). The World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty UNICEF. (2022, October 17). How to address and end child poverty | UNICEF [Video]. YouTube. How to address and end child poverty | UNICEF (youtube.com) What is a Living Wage? (2023). Ontario Living Wage Network. https://www.ontariolivingwage.ca/about World Population Review. (2024). Poverty Rate by Country 2024. World Population Review. Poverty Rate by Country 2024 (worldpopulationreview.com) Zero Hunger. The Global Goals. (n.d.). Goal 2: Zero Hunger - The Global Goals