Human Biology 2 Lecture Notes PDF

Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] eukaryotic cell or tissue su...

Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] eukaryotic cell or tissue surface requires the participation of two factors: a receptor and a ligand. The receptors so far defined are usually specific carbohydrate or peptide residues on the eukaryotic cell surface. The bacterial ligand, called an adhesin, is typically a macromolecular component of the bacterial cell surface which interacts with the host cell receptor. There are several terms used to describe adherence factors in microbiology such as (Adhesin, Receptor, Fimbriae, Biofilm, Capsule..etc) Questions sheet: 1-the bacterial diseases tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium----------- A-Streptococcus pyogenes B-Enterococcus faecalis C-Streptococcus mitis D-Mycobacterium tuberculosis E- E.coli 2-The pathogenic bacteria must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in------- A-healthy organisms B-isolated from a diseased organism C-cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism. D- A and B E- all the above. 3- The fourth Koch's postulates are the pathogenic microorganism must be re isolated from the ------ And caused diseased experimental host A-inoculated diseased B-caused harmed. C- healthy organisms D- harmed and healthy E- all of the above. Lec.1 Page 6 of 9  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] 4-------- long-term interactions between different biological species, which can be mutualistic, commensal or parasitic. A. Parasitism B. Symbiosis C. Amensalism D. Mutualism E. Amensalism 5- ………………is the two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which the parasite where benefits while the another is harmed. A- Mutualism B- Parasitism C- Antagonism D- Amensalism E- None of the above. 6- when one organism is harmed while the another is unaffected it refers to……………………….. A- Mutualism B- Parasitism C- Antagonism D- Amensalism E- None of the above. 7- …………………refers to the action of any organism that suppresses or interfere with the normal growth and activity of a pathogen. A- Mutualism B- Parasitism C- Antagonism D- Amensalism E- None of the above. 8- Microorganisms are found normally in the tissues such as except. A- Intestine B- Skin C- muscle D- blood E- C and D. 9- The mixture of organisms regularly found at any anatomical site is referred to as the……………… Lec.1 Page 7 of 9  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] A- Normal flora B- TRANSIENT flora C- Resident flora D- Mixture flora E- None of the above 10- ………………….is used to grade the ability of an organism to cause disease A- The LD50 B- Virulence C- Adherence D- Colonization E- antigen 11- Regularly found inside the body or on its surfaces are usually not pathogenic but may be opportunistic. A- Resident flora B- Mycoplasmas C- Colonization D- pathogenic bacteria E- None of the above 12-------- used in the measurement of virulence between two strains of the same organism. A- Colonization B- The LD50 C- Adherence D- pathogenic bacteria E- all of the above. 13- Koch's postulates are ……………… criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease A- two B- four C- three D- five E- forty 14- Koch's postulates formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in ……. A- 1884. B- 1981. C- 1848. D- 1918. E- None of the above Lec.1 Page 8 of 9  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] 15- …………………..discovered the parasite infects the silk worm. A- Robert Koch B- Loeffler C- Louis Pasteur D- Joseph Lister E- A &B 16- ……………………….Describes the ability of an organism to establish itself in a new host A- Infectivity B- The LD50 C- Adherence D- pathogenic bacteria E- None of the above. Lec.1 Page 9 of 9