Human Biology 2 - Medical Laboratory Techniques

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of Koch's postulates?

To establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease (correct)

To identify all pathogenic bacteria

To create a vaccine for diseases

To generalize the symptoms of diseases

Which of the following is NOT one of Koch's postulates?

The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture

The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism

The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease

The microorganism can be transmitted through respiratory droplets (correct)

In what year were Koch's postulates formulated?

1900

1765

1884 (correct)

1990

Who discovered the parasite that infects the silk worm?

Louis Pasteur Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the ability of an organism to establish itself in a new host?

Infectivity Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is responsible for causing tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Pathogenic bacteria should not be found in which of the following?

Healthy organisms Signup and view all the answers

According to Koch's postulates, the pathogenic microorganism must be re-isolated from the?

Inoculated diseased Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the long-term interactions between different biological species?

Symbiosis Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the specific component on the bacterial surface that interacts with host receptors?

Adhesin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interaction is characterized by one organism benefiting at the expense of another?

Parasitism Signup and view all the answers

Adhesins are primarily classified as what type of molecules?

Carbohydrates or peptides Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is essential for the adherence of bacterial cells to host tissues?

Receptors on host cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to a relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed?

Parasitism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used when one organism is harmed while the other remains unaffected?

Amensalism Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the action of any organism that suppresses or interferes with the normal growth and activity of a pathogen?

Antagonism Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical site is typically NOT associated with the normal presence of microorganisms?

Muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the mixture of organisms regularly found at any anatomical site?

Normal flora Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to grade the ability of an organism to cause disease?

Virulence Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes organisms regularly found inside the body but usually not pathogenic?

Resident flora Signup and view all the answers

What type of flora is characterized by its opportunistic nature, potentially causing disease under certain conditions?

Resident flora Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Eukaryotic Cell Interaction

Requires participation of two factors: a receptor and a ligand.
Receptors are usually specific carbohydrate or peptide residues on eukaryotic cell surfaces.
Bacterial ligands, known as adhesins, are typically macromolecules on bacterial cell surfaces that interact with host cell receptors.

Adherence Factors in Microbiology

Important terms include Adhesin, Receptor, Fimbriae, Biofilm, Capsule.
These factors describe how bacteria adhere to host cells.

Diseases and Pathogens

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Pathogenic bacteria must be abundant in suffering organisms but absent in healthy ones.
Koch's postulates require re-isolation of microorganisms from an inoculated diseased host.

Biological Interactions

Symbiosis is defined as long-term interactions between species, which can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.
Parasitism involves a relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another.
Amensalism occurs when one organism is harmed while another remains unaffected.

Microbiota and Normal Flora

Microorganisms are typically found in intestinal, skin, and other tissues but not usually in muscle or blood.
The mixture of organisms at any anatomical site is referred to as Normal flora.
Resident flora consists of organisms regularly found inside the body or on surfaces, often non-pathogenic but opportunistic.

Virulence and Disease Causation

Virulence measures an organism's ability to cause disease, often quantified using the LD50.
Colonization is used to measure virulence between strains of the same organism.

Koch's Postulates

Koch's postulates consist of four criteria to establish causative relationships between microbes and diseases.
Formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884.
Showed that parasites can infect hosts, as demonstrated in silk worms by Louis Pasteur.

Key Concepts in Microbial Pathogenesis

Infectivity refers to the capability of an organism to establish itself in a new host.
Adherence involves mechanisms that allow pathogens to cling to host tissues.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in Human Biology 2, focusing on the interaction between eukaryotic cell surfaces and their ligands. Understand the roles of receptors and the specificities in biological environments. It is essential for students in the Medical Laboratory Techniques department.