Marine Engineering Knowledge II - Chapter 5 - ISM & ISPS Code PDF

Official (Open) MARINE ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE II [Chapter 5 : ISM Code and ISPS Code] International Safety Management (ISM) Code  Official (Open) Learning Objectives 1.Define and Explain the ISM Code: Students will be able to defi...

Official (Open) MARINE ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE II [Chapter 5 : ISM Code and ISPS Code] International Safety Management (ISM) Code  Official (Open) Learning Objectives 1.Define and Explain the ISM Code: Students will be able to define the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, articulate its purpose, and explain the historical context that led to its development. 2.Describe Core Components of an SMS: Students will be able to identify and explain the key elements of a Safety Management System (SMS) as outlined in the ISM Code, including risk assessment, procedures, training, emergency preparedness, and reporting. 3.Evaluate ISM Implementation: Students will gain the ability to critically examine a hypothetical or real-world example of an SMS, identifying strengths, areas for improvement, and potential challenges in its implementation. Official (Open) Introduction The International Safety Management (ISM) Code is a set of international regulations established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to ensure the safety of ships, prevent pollution, and protect the marine environment. It's a mandatory standard for all commercial ships registered with an IMO member state. The International Safety Management (ISM) Code is a mandatory international standard for the safe operation of ships and for pollution prevention. Adopted in 1994, it requires shipping companies to implement a Safety Management System (SMS) that meets the requirements of the Code.  Official (Open) Why is ISM Important? Improves safety at sea Reduces accidents and pollution incidents Protects human life, property, and the marine environment Enhances operational efficiency Promotes a culture of safety onboard ships The ISM Code plays a crucial role in safeguarding both human life and the marine environment. By establishing a structured framework for safety management, it aims to prevent maritime accidents like fires, collisions, and groundings. Additionally, ISM fosters a safety culture onboard ships where crew members are actively involved in identifying and mitigating risks.  Official (Open) Core Elements of ISM 1. Safety Policy: This component outlines the company's commitment to safety and pollution prevention. It serves as the foundation upon which the Safety Management System (SMS) is built. The safety policy statement should be clear, concise, and communicated to all personnel within the organization. 2. Safety Management System (SMS): The SMS is a comprehensive, documented, and implemented system that details how the company will achieve its safety and environmental goals as outlined in the safety policy. It encompasses procedures, practices, and resources necessary to ensure safe ship operations and pollution prevention. The SMS provides a structured framework for managing risks, promoting compliance with regulations, and continuously improving safety performance. 3. Risk Assessment: Risk assessment involves identifying potential hazards onboard ships, evaluating associated risks, and developing plans to mitigate or control them. This process is essential for identifying safety and environmental risks that may arise during ship operations. Risk assessment may cover various areas such as navigation, machinery operation, cargo handling, and emergency procedures.  Official (Open) 4. Operational Procedures: Operational procedures encompass clear and concise guidelines for safe ship operation under various conditions. These procedures cover a wide range of activities, including navigation, engine room operations, cargo handling, and maintenance tasks. Operational procedures provide step-by-step instructions to crew members, ensuring that they perform tasks safely and efficiently. They also promote standardization and consistency in ship operations across the fleet. 5. Training and Familiarization: Training and familiarization programs ensure that crew members are adequately trained and competent in their roles and responsibilities related to safety. This includes training on operating procedures, emergency response protocols, use of safety equipment, and environmental protection measures. Training programs should be tailored to the specific needs of each individual and regularly updated to address changing requirements and technologies. 6. Emergency Preparedness: Emergency preparedness involves establishing procedures and protocols for responding effectively to accidents, incidents, and other emergencies. This includes measures for firefighting, medical emergencies, search and rescue operations, and pollution response. Emergency drills and exercises are conducted regularly to test the effectiveness of emergency plans and familiarize crew members with their roles during emergencies.  Official (Open) 7. Reporting and Non-conformance: Reporting and non-conformance procedures outline processes for reporting accidents, incidents, near misses, and deficiencies in the Safety Management System. Timely reporting allows companies to investigate root causes, implement corrective actions, and prevent recurrence of similar incidents. Non-conformances with the SMS are addressed through corrective and preventive actions to ensure continuous improvement. 8. Management Review: Management review involves regular evaluation of the SMS to assess its effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. This includes reviewing safety performance data, audit findings, feedback from personnel, and changes in regulatory requirements. Management review meetings provide an opportunity for senior management to demonstrate leadership commitment to safety and to allocate resources for enhancing safety performance. These core elements of the ISM Code collectively contribute to the establishment of a robust safety management framework within shipping companies, fostering a culture of safety, compliance, and continuous improvement.  Official (Open) In accordance with the ISM Code and upon satisfactory assessment, two statutory certificates: DOC (Document of Compliance), issued to the Company SMC (Safety Management Certificate), issued to each ship. The ISM certification procedure consists of the following steps. For the Company: Document of Compliance (DOC): review of Safety Management System documentation interim audit for issuance of interim DOC (valid one year) initial audit and issuance of full term DOC (valid five years) after the full term certificate issuance, 4 annual audits and DOC renewal audit after 5 years. For the Ship: Safety Management Certificate (SMC): after DOC issuance to the company, Interim audit for issuance of interim SMC, valid six months initial audit and issuance of full term SMC (valid five years) intermediate audit follows 3rd year of the certification period SMC renewal after 5 years.  Official (Open) The ISM Code outlines specific requirements for a Safety Management System (SMS) that a shipping company must implement. This includes a clearly defined safety policy, risk assessments to identify hazards and mitigate them, operational procedures for safe navigation and cargo handling, and training programs to ensure crew competency. The code also emphasizes the importance of emergency preparedness, a system for reporting incidents and addressing non-conformances, and periodic management reviews to ensure the SMS stays effective and up-to-date.  Official (Open) Benefits of ISM Improved safety culture onboard ships Reduced accidents and pollution incidents Enhanced operational efficiency Lower insurance premiums Increased investor confidence in shipping companies By promoting a culture of safety where everyone onboard is actively involved in risk reduction, ISM leads to a significant decrease in accident rates. This translates into improved operational efficiency as vessels spend less time dealing with incidents and delays. Official (Open) Activity Designing your own SMS: Choose a simple, everyday task (e.g., changing a lightbulb, using a hairdryer, doing laundry). Draft a basic SMS manual outline for your chosen task. Include the following sections a. Person Responsible b. Risk Assessment c. Emergency Plan d. Maintenance  Official (Open) Important. It's important to clarify that the ISM Code itself is the primary regulation focused on ensuring safety management onboard ships. However, there are several other important international regulations and conventions that interact with the ISM Code and are often addressed within a company's Safety Management System (SMS). Here are some key categories: 1.Safety of Ships: o SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea): Sets minimum safety standards for ship construction, equipment, and operations. Includes provisions for fire protection, lifesaving appliances, navigation systems, and more. o Load Lines Convention: Establishes minimum freeboard requirements for safe loading and prevents overloading of ships.  Official (Open) 2. Crew Welfare and Training o STCW (Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping): Sets international standards for the training, qualification, and certification of seafarers. o MLC (Maritime Labour Convention): Establishes comprehensive rights and protections for seafarers, covering fair terms of employment, living and working conditions, and health protection. 3. Specific Ship Types and Cargoes o Tanker-specific Regulations: Additional codes and requirements exist for the safe operation of oil tankers, chemical tankers, and gas carriers. o Cargo-specific Codes: Codes like the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code provide rules for the safe handling and transport of hazardous cargo.  Official (Open) Conclusion The ISM Code is a cornerstone of maritime safety and environmental protection. By establishing clear guidelines for safety management, it promotes a culture of safety within shipping companies and onboard ships. The benefits of ISM extend beyond safety, leading to improved operational efficiency and fostering a positive work environment for seafarers. the International Safety Management Code has become a crucial standard for safe and responsible ship operation worldwide. By mandating the implementation of robust safety management systems, it has significantly contributed to reducing accidents, injuries, and pollution incidents at sea. The positive impact of ISM extends beyond safety, enhancing operational efficiency and promoting a safety culture where everyone onboard plays a  Official (Open) Activity Choose a specific shipping company with publicly accessible information on their Safety Management System (SMS). Analyze their SMS manual or other available documents. Prepare a short-written report that focuses on: How well their SMS addresses two core elements of the ISM Code (your choice). Any examples of procedures or practices that go beyond the minimum ISM requirements. Potential challenges the company might face in implementing their SMS effectively. Start your research on the company's website and consider resources from classification societies or maritime industry publications.  Official (Open) Additional guide for above activity. 1. Choosing a Company: o Size and Visibility: Larger shipping companies (Maersk, COSCO, CMA CGM) are more likely to have publicly accessible information on their SMS. o Ship Types: Select a company with a diverse fleet (container ships, tankers, bulk carriers) for a more interesting analysis, or focus on a particular ship type with specific safety considerations. o Company Websites: Start your search on the company's official website. Look for sections titled "Safety," "Sustainability," "Responsibility," or "Our Commitments. These sections often contain information about their safety management practices. 2. Analyzing Their SMS o Focus on Two ISM Elements: Choose two essential components of the ISM Code to examine in detail. Some good options are: Risk Assessment Operational Procedures Emergency Preparedness Training and Familiarization Management Review o Evidence and Examples: Seek specific descriptions or examples of how the company implements these elements. Do they mention particular risk assessment methodologies? Do they provide summaries of training programs? o Going Beyond Compliance: Look for innovative practices, extra safety measures, or stricter environmental initiatives that surpass the basic ISM Code requirements.  Official (Open) 3. Considering Implementation Challenges Complexity: Think about the challenges a large, global company might face in ensuring uniform implementation of its SMS across a vast fleet and diverse crew. Cultural Factors: Consider how different crew nationalities and cultural backgrounds might affect how safety policies are interpreted and followed. Maintaining Momentum: Reflect on the challenges of keeping safety top-of-mind and ensuring the SMS remains effective over time, not just a paper exercise. 4. Additional Resources Classification Societies: Explore websites of major classification societies (ABS, DNV, Lloyd's Register). They often have summaries of SMS implementation best practices and industry-level challenges. Maritime Publications: Trade magazines and online publications like gCaptain, TradeWinds, or MarineInsight may feature articles on companies with unique safety initiatives or SMS implementation experiences. 5. Structure of Your Report o Introduction: Name of the company, their fleet size/scope of operations, why you chose them. o Analysis of Two ISM Elements: Describe their approach, examples of their SMS details, evaluate strengths/potential weaknesses. o Beyond Minimum Requirements: Highlight any innovative practices or particularly advanced safety initiatives. o Implementation Challenges: Discuss potential obstacles the company might face, considering their size, geographic reach, etc. o Conclusion: Overall assessment of their SMS and any insights gained through this research. Important Note: Since your research is based on publicly available information, your report will be an analysis of their presented SMS approach, not a full audit of how the SMS is implemented in practice on their ships.  Official (Open) The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code  Official (Open) Learning Objectives 1. Identify the key components of the ISPS Code, including its implementation, structure, and objectives, and explain how it enhances maritime security. 2. Identify the roles and responsibilities of key personnel involved in ship security, including the Ship Security Officer (SSO), Company Security Officer (CSO), and Port Facility Security Officer (PFSO), and explain their duties in maintaining ship security. 3. Describe the procedures for responding to security threats or breaches, including the use of the Ship Security Alert System (SSAS), and outline the measures in place for maintaining critical operations of the ship or ship/port interface during security incidents.  Official (Open) The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code What is it? A comprehensive set of measures designed to strengthen the security of ships and port facilities worldwide. Why was it created? Developed as a direct response to the heightened security concerns following the 9/11 attacks in the United States. Key Objectives: Prevent security incidents Protect ships and ports from threats Ensure a coordinated global response to security risks The ISPS Code is a crucial framework for safeguarding maritime security, playing a vital role in protecting ships, ports, and the global supply chain.  Official (Open) Implementation and Structure of the ISPS Code How is the ISPS Code implemented? Through Chapter XI-2: Special measures to enhance maritime security in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). Structure - Two-Part Document: Part A (Mandatory): Outlines detailed maritime and port security- related requirements that SOLAS contracting governments, port authorities, and shipping companies must adhere to. Part B (Recommendatory): Provides guidance on how to meet the requirements and obligations set out in Part A.  Official (Open) Key ISPS Code Definitions Ship Security Plan (SSP): a comprehensive plan developed to ensure the security of a ship, its personnel, and cargo. It outlines the measures and procedures to be followed to prevent unauthorized access, protect against acts of terrorism, and respond to security incidents. The SSP is a mandatory requirement for certain types of ships, including passenger ships, high-speed passenger craft, bulk carriers, tankers, gas carriers, and cargo high-speed craft of 500 gross tonnage and upwards. Company Security Officer (CSO): responsible for ensuring the implementation and maintenance of the Ship Security Plan (SSP) by the ship's crew, ensuring compliance with the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code). Ship Security Officer (SSO): designated person on board responsible for implementing and maintaining the SSP.  Official (Open) Company Security Officer (CSO): Conducting Security Assessments: The CSO is responsible for conducting thorough security assessments of the company’s vessels and port facilities to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities. Developing and Implementing Security Plans: Based on the security assessments, the CSO develops and implements comprehensive security plans for each vessel, ensuring compliance with the ISPS Code and other relevant security regulations. Training and Awareness: The CSO ensures that all onshore and off-shore personnel are trained in security awareness and procedures. This includes conducting regular security drills and training sessions to prepare the crew for potential security incidents. Communication and Coordination: Serving as the primary point of contact for all security-related matters, the CSO ensures effective communication and coordination between the ship’s crew, the company, and external entities like port authorities. Compliance and Reporting: The CSO ensures that the company and its vessels comply with all relevant security regulations, maintain proper documentation and report any security incidents or breaches to the appropriate authorities.  Official (Open) The main responsibilities of Ship Security Officer (SSO) are: Implementing and maintaining the ship security plan (SSP) Conducting security inspections at regular intervals of time to ensure that proper security steps are taken Making changes to the ship security plan if need arise Propose modifications to the ship security plan by taking various aspects of the ship into consideration Help in ship security assessment (SSA) Ensure that the ship’s crew is properly trained to maintain a high ship security level Enhance security awareness and vigilance on board ship Guide ship’s crew by teaching ways to enhance ship’s security Report all security incidents to the company and the ship’s master Taking view and suggestions of the company security officer and the port facility security officer into consideration while making amendments to the ship security plan Help company security officer (CSO) in his duties Take into account various security measures related to handling of cargo, engine room operations, ship’s store etc. Coordinate with shipboard personnel and port authorities to carry out all ship operations with utmost security Ensure that the ship security equipment is properly operated, tested, calibrated, and maintained The duties of ship security officer might change, increase, or decrease, depending on the type of the ship and situation. However, the main duties remain the same as mentioned above.  Official (Open) Security Levels Security Level 1: The baseline level of security measures always in place on a ship. Security Level 2: Increased security measures implemented for a period when there is a heightened risk of a security incident. Security Level 3: The highest level of security measures, put in place when a security incident is probable or imminent.  “The level for which minimum appropriate protective security measures shall be maintained at all times” This is the normal level which we all have to operate under any conditions Slide 26  Official (Open) Security Level 1 Activities carried out Ensure performance of all security duties. Control access to the ship. Control embarkation of people and effects. Restricted areas – authorised personnel to access. Monitor deck area/areas surrounding ship. Supervise cargo and stores handling. Ready availability of security related communications. Slide 27  Official (Open) “The Level for which appropriate additional protective security measures shall be maintained for a period of time as a result of heightened risk of a security incident” Slide 28  Official (Open) Security Level 2 Activities carried out Increased measures for all activities under level 1. These measures to be specified in the SSP. Examples may be: Assign additional personnel for same duties Detailed checking of cargo. Increase frequency and detail of security patrols Slide 29  Official (Open) “The level for which further specific protective security measures shall be maintained for a limited period of time when a security incident is probable or imminent, although it may not be possible to identify the “credible information that a security specific target” incident is probable or imminent” Slide 30  Official (Open) Security Level 3 Activities carried out Further specified protective measures for all activities under level 2. These measures to be specified in the SSP. Examples may be: Limit access to a single point on the vessel. Suspension of cargo operations. Underwater inspection of the hull. Level 3 to be set only for the duration that the threat exists or of the actual incident. Slide 31  Official (Open) Detailed Elements of a Ship Security Plan (SSP) Response to Threats: Clear procedures for responding to security threats or breaches, including plans to maintain essential ship operations and communication with port authorities. Government Security Instructions: How the ship will respond to specific security instructions issued by governments when Security Level 3 is declared. Evacuation Procedures: Detailed plans for safe and efficient evacuation in the event of a security threat. Crew Responsibilities: Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for all crew members regarding security, including those specifically assigned to security tasks. Training and Drills: Regular training programs and drills to ensure crew familiarity and preparedness for security situations. Port Facility Coordination: Procedures for communicating and coordinating security activities with port facilities. Incident Reporting: Protocols for reporting security incidents to relevant authorities.  Official (Open) Ship Security Alert System SSAS It's a dedicated system installed on board ships to discreetly alert authorities ashore in the event of a security threat or incident. Key Features and Functions of SSAS: Silent Alarm: The SSAS is designed to send a silent alert, ensuring that the threat is communicated to the relevant authorities without alarming anyone on board the ship or nearby vessels. Direct Communication: It establishes direct communication with the ship's flag state, bypassing any potential interference from other parties. Activation Points: The system has designated activation points on the ship, usually in secure locations, where authorized personnel can trigger the alert. Tamper-Proof: The SSAS is designed to be tamper-proof to prevent unauthorized deactivation or manipulation.  Official (Open) Why is SSAS Important? Early Warning: The SSAS provides an early warning system, enabling authorities to respond quickly to security threats or incidents at sea. Safety and Security: It enhances the safety and security of the ship's crew, passengers, and cargo by ensuring a swift response in emergency situations. Deterrent: The presence of an SSAS on board can act as a deterrent to potential attackers, as they know that any security breach will be quickly reported.