Main Points (Motor Performance) PDF

Week I Motor performance · observable behaviour execution skill at specific time Situation · of according condition - situations · varies...

Week I Motor performance · observable behaviour execution skill at specific time Situation · of according condition - situations · varies to Performance Characteristics Improvement-executed w) ↑ level of shill than previously Consistency outcome 3 movement become similar - more Stability influence of perturbation performance - on Persistence - improved capability over increasing periods of time Adaptability - adaptable to variety of performance contexts Shape of Performance Curves "Power Practice " performance Negatively Accelarating Law of · - , Plateau learning still continues Asymptote - , Assessing Motor Learning Acquisition - All practice attempts are assessed Measurements represent performance observed of practice any changes in course - over series of acquisition be graphed to illustrate changes perf of practice this perf - measures in over course is curve may -.  Retention · Tests should be performed after sufficient time Only measure the permanent changes · of measure learning - Permanency of changes · Transfer adaptable the How learning to novel non-practiced conditions · is , of of Measure adaptability generalisability learning · or Theory of Motor Control Closed Loop Control Open Loop Control Motor Program Based Program Schmidt's Generalised Motor Program faster eg. walking or slower- same movement dif program parameters Schmidt's dog if haven't Schema Theory identifying even that eg. a you seen Rule or set of rules to provide breed. basis for a decision ey. returning tennis serves Dynamical Systems Theory complex system that constraints Body is self-organises' into coordination patterns based on Non-linear dynamics · Self-organisation · · Attractor States Non-Linear Behaviour Spontaneous shifts into new behavioural pattern Self-Organisation Emergence of specific of behaviour due situation stable pattern to certain conditions characterising a rather than to a specific control mechanism organising the behaviour Stability and Attractors - Toddler walking Toddler running -  Week 3 - Sensory Components of Motor Control Touch & Proprioception · Merkle's corpuscles - touch and texture of an object touch 3 Meisner's corpuscles light grip control · - Pacinian corpuscles vibration & deep · - pressure · Ruffini corpuscles - warmth Nerve ending-pain · Role of Tactile Information Motor Control Sensory in Movement accuracy Tactile feedback influences the of fine motor shills - sign, accuracy Movement Consistency · Movement timing · Movement force adjustments · Estimate movement distance · Neural Basis of Proprioception · Muscle spindles detect changes in muscle length Golgi tendon organs sense muscle tension , acting as a protective mechanism to prevent injury Joint receptors detect · joint position a motion  Vision Anatomy of the Eye Central us Peripheral · Central vision · Peripheral Vision Limb Middle 2-5 degrees of the visual field movement - - Object Spatial features - size shape a) distance - , Walking path - Monocular us Binocular Vision the time minimum required to · process Visual feedback i make corrections is between 100 - 160 milliseconds Latching , Striking a Locomotion Fundamental Movement Skills Body management skills · · Locomotor skills · Object control skills Catching Trajectory · Speed · Timing ·  Striking Similar to catching 3 phases Preparation - Execution - Follow through - Early important · vision is Perception-action coupling Locomotion · Central Pattern Generators Groups of that the basis rhythms for - nerves in the spinal cord create movement Adapt walking fast - patterns based how we're our a running on moving Obstacles Avoiding Size 3) Shape Help judge based - : the space needed to avoid obstacles on their size a shape Distance position Estimates distance 3 of - a : the position obstacles to plan movement Predictive Adjustments - Controlled by rhythmic patterns from central circuits , adapting to changes speed terrain · neural in B environmental , demands Head stability-balance Coordination  Week 4 - Attention The selectively focusing of specific information while stimuli cognitive process on ignoring other Characteristics of Attention Limited Capacity · We limited only of information time - can process a amount at one · Selective - We choose which info. to focus on based on relevance Divisible Attention between multiple tasks , be split though performance suffer - can may Theories of Attention Bottlenech Theory Central Resource Theory 1. Single Resource Pool - Attentional resources drawn from one pool. 2 Capacity Limit Total capacity fixed and limited - is. 3 Resource Allocation multiple tasks Disturbing for - resources  Kahneman's Attention Theory · Attention is allocated based on perceived task demands The of availability resources influences attention Resource capacity is determined by both the task demands Role of Arousal 1. Physiological psychological alertness. Influences 2 breadth 3 focus. 3 Optimal levels for different tasks vary 4. Optimal performance at moderate arousal Multiple-Resource Theory · Separate Resources - Attention divided into specialised pools Task types Resources based task allocated type - on Implication · -Complex tasks be simultaneously can managed Dual-Task Procedures Simultaneous execution of two separate tasks Primary task the task being assessed for attentional demands · = Secondary task= addition task to cause interference e g. engaging. in mental work reduces force production on hand grip dynamometer Internal vs External Focus of Attention Automaticity Internal External · Tasks performed wh minimal conscious effort Attention internal Attention Frees up for other tasks external effects cognitive · on resources · · processes on Focus Focus Achieved on body movements on movement outcome through extensive practice3 repetition · e.. muscle tension , g technique e.. g target , environment, impact  Memory and Forgetting The information ability to retain · facts More than just remembering or events Models Memory Working Memory 1. Temporary - Holds info Storage For immediate task Capacity Can