LIVING-IN-THE-IT-ERA-ILG-exam PDF

CHAPTER 1. THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENT Understand who the millennials are and who they are perceived Distinguish the difference between millennials from other generations Know how the millennials control social media, Be aware of the effects of the internet to us humans, Know how tech...

CHAPTER 1. THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENT Understand who the millennials are and who they are perceived Distinguish the difference between millennials from other generations Know how the millennials control social media, Be aware of the effects of the internet to us humans, Know how technology affecting us humans and the world, and Be informed on how technology has changed over time LESSON 1. Millennial and the Rise of the Information Society Who are the millennials? Pew Research announced as of 2018 that the label millennial are those who were born between the years 1981 and 1996. In today's time-2020-they are the ones who age 24 to 38. Characteristics of the millennial generation 1. Values meaningful motivation Millennials value meaningful motivation. They may be characterized as being motivated by creative work, sharing their gifts and making an impact on others and within their communities. Oftentimes, these intrinsic motivators can be seen in a millennial's approach to their careers. Many can frequently be found working toward helping others, imparting inspiration or working to improve on a community or world-wide issue. Additionally, many millennials aim for goals that offer ways to further their meaningful work rather than monetary gains. While this generation's professional drive often helps them advance in their careers, many seem to do so for reasons other than a salary increase or monetary bonuses. 2. Challenges the hierarchy status-quo Millennials are known for their resolve in sharing their opinions and ideas, as well as challenging their superiors when they feel it is warranted. While this trait can seem as though millennials share contempt for authority on the whole, this characteristic actually comes from the idea that what is best for the company results from active listening, collaboration and considering all points of view. Millennials also seem to prefer working across many functions, offering creative solutions and moving away from the boundaries of professional status and level. Additionally, this generation seems to truly believe that approaches such as these are more beneficial to the workplace than merely following orders passed down from the top of the professional hierarchy. 3. Places importance on relationships with superiors More and more frequently, millennials have shown that when it comes to their careers, they prefer a supervisor or manager that they can connect to as a mentor. This generation has made a point to get comfortable working with their superiors and asking for advice and counsel with regard to their career development. In addition to receiving advice and feedback, millennials place importance on building rapport as well as pathways for frequent communication with their managers. 4. Intuitive knowledge of technology As many millennials grew from childhood to adulthood, they witnessed the expansive growth of technology. With that growth, millennials seem to have developed the ability to quickly adapt and change according to new and more modernized technology as it becomes available. Smartphones, virtual reality, interactive software and even artificial intelligence may continue to see the millennial generation adding to its development. In fact, the millennial generation may even be the first generation to be fully globalized online during adolescence and early adulthood. 5. Open and adaptive to change Not only are millennials described as adaptive to change, many embrace it. Oftentimes, this generation has been one of ushering in changes in business, technology and the economy. Most seem to recognize that these industries are constantly changing and that the methods of working within the modern-day career field must change with them. Being adaptive to the continuously changing atmosphere they live in also allows this generation to advance in and take on a variety of roles. 6. Places importance on tasks rather than time Millennials seem to be very task-oriented rather than time-oriented. This can appear in the form of productivity with producing results, as well as placing a higher priority on the quality of a product, deliverable or otherwise task-related output. This generation places importance on working toward producing rather than being concerned with how many hours they are able to put in at a job. More often, millennials may want to be flexible in their schedules, working outside of a traditional "9 to 5" career so they may use more of their personal time to pursue things outside of work. 7. Passion for learning Not only are millennials open to change and adaptive, they seem to possess an extraordinary passion for learning new things. This generation exhibits deep curiosity about the world and displays the desire to further develop skills and knowledge that can help them within their professional lives. Furthermore, millennials seem to understand the importance of setting and achieving goals, both for personal growth and their careers. 8. Openly receptive to feedback and recognition Rather than waiting to be reviewed on a biannual or annual basis, millennials also appreciate regular feedback. This generation values input, advice and mentorship from their managers, and they seem to be extremely receptive to continuous feedback on a weekly or daily basis. Furthermore, performance management and development can often be priorities for Generation Y, resulting in the need to hear from their supervisors about how they are performing in their jobs. Additionally, this generation seems to thrive off of open recognition, so positive praise in the workplace is something that can benefit their motivation. Millennials generally appreciate knowing that what they are doing is making a difference and that their talents are valued. 9. Free-thinking and creative It could be from the vast availability of technological mediums, or the fact that millennials grew up during the time of transition from conventional methods to modernized and technologically advanced ways of working. Because of this innovation, millennials may tend to be more imaginative in their thinking. If problems arise in the workplace, millennials typically have the ability to come up with creative solutions to fix them. 10. Values teamwork and social interactions in the workplace This generation also places a great degree of importance on working within a team environment. Collaboration on projects, problem-solving with different points of view and creating new and innovative approaches to working their fields may be cooperative endeavors that  millennials undertake while working on a team. In addition to productivity and quality results on their teams, it may seem that many millennials also desire a social atmosphere in the workplace. Qualities like fun, relaxed and comfortable can be used to describe most millennials' idea of a fitting and optimal workplace. DIFFERENCE OF MILLENNIALS TO OTHER GENERATIONS 1. Millennial are more educated. The number of women who have finished their education increased. During the Silent Generation (covers people who were born between the year 1928 and 1945), only 9 finished or graduated college; four years at least. If we were to compare the silent generation and generation x (millennials), the women who completed their education increased by 36% at the same age. For the male population, just like the female, have increased the rates of young men who graduated university or college. Three in ten the millennial generation, which is 29%, have completed their n with the least attainment of a bachelor's degree. 2. The number of the female population who has completed education increased The female population has made bigger improvement over time when it comes to education. Amongst the millennial generation from ages twenty-one (21) to thirty-six (36), women who at least finished a bachelor's degree are 7% more than men. During the silent generation, with the same age bracket, women were six point behind men who have finished college education with four years the least attainment. As for Gen Xers, they were the first generation whose women outnumbered men when it comes to college educational attainment with 3% advantage among the millennial women. 3. The number of working women increased. In the year 1965, the female population of the silent generation were young with majority of 58% women who were not in the labor force. With the Generation X or the millennials, 71% of the female are employed and 26% are not in the labor force. 4. Millennials are three times less likely to get married. In the year 1965, an average woman is most likely to get married at twenty-one (21) and a man at twenty-three (23). With the millennials, as of the year 2017, the age slides to twenty-seven (27) for the females and twenty-nine (29) for the males. When asked why they haven't gotten married yet their reasons vary from not being financially prepared (29%), they have not found their special someone with the qualities of their standards (26%), and 26% said that they are not ready to settle down at such a young age. 5. Millennials are more racial and ethnically diverse. As of the year 2017, the non-Hispanic whites are 56% of the American population compared to the Silent Generation which has 86% of non Hispanic whites. The Asian race has also increased, however, the black remains almost the same. 6. Millennial men are less likely to become a veteran Despite the age where millennials are born in the conflict between Iraq and Afghanistan wherein the United States military are engaged, they are less likely to serve in the military than the older generation. Only 4% of the millennials are serving the military compared to the 47% of the men of the silent generation who came in the age of the Korean war and its aftermath.  7. Most of the millennials in today's time live in the metropolitan area Nine (9) out of ten (10) millennials are residing in the metro areas with a percentage of 88%. Compared to the older generation the silent generation only had two-thirds which is 67%, lived in the metropolitan area. With a similar rate, 68% of the baby boomers were staying in the metropolitan area whilst the Gen Xers have a closer percentage compared to the millennials with 84%. THE IMAGE OF MILLENIALS It is not a secret that the older generations do not hide their distaste with the millennial generation. They have called the millennials killers of the industry, judging them with their outlooks when it comes to marriage, career path, and simply their perspective in life. Although people often see just the other side of spectrum, millennials have created movements that changed a lot. An example would be the Arab Spring and Occupy Wall Street. Good things or bad things, however you want to see the generation of the millennials, they are still the future leaders of the country, in business, and society in general. Lesson 2. ADAPTING TO NEW TECHNOLOGY a. What is the New Technology? It is no secret that technology has ghastly evolved over the past few years. From the means of communication to transportation, it's unbelievable on how far we've come. Any set of progress in techniques which offers significant help over the created technology for a given process is a new technology. Whether it is a new invention or an innovation of a previous work, as long as it new application of a scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in the industry, it is new technology. b. Millenials on Social Media Millennials for the last ten years have gained a massive increase of popularity when it comes to social networking online with common users collectively counting in millions. Both males and females have an equal amount of using the social network and no difference has occurred in regards to nationality and race. Millennials today are the biggest and leading generation in the world and it developed its way to the top with innovation and technology by their side helping them in terms of media stands and putting them in place where they get hooked with regard to social media habits. Cell phones, laptops, and televisions are the examples of technology that they most often get addicted with. New and advanced technology are in disguised as a fashion trend where millennials are digging their way to have it simply because it is practiced and made to be addictive. They are so good with their multi-tasking capabilities that they can work on school assignment on their computer, and do research at their tablet all while taking notes, and later that day, they will sit in front of the television to watch a movie and at the same time, chatting or texting a friend on Facebook from their phones or laptops. Researches have certain reports that millenials are more skilled and capable of doing multitasking compared with the older generations. Facebook is a social networking website where users are free to post their current status, comment on posts, share photos, and post links about hews or an attention-grabbing content outside the Facebook itself. As of today, Facebook has become the most influential platform for social media and also for business matters. It gained with nearly 2 million active users monthly  and became the largest platform for social media with the most diverse audience. Although the adults under the age of 35 are already influenced by the enormous spread of Facebook, still Millennials who are younger are more likely to use social media networks for news and broadcast better than the older generations. c. Social Media on Millenials Social media has become more developed and approved by most of the people in regards to trends and style. It is the most used way as of today for interacting and communicating globally. Researchers have explained that the social media have so much to benefit people from. Therefore, it is examined as one of the best examined learning devices that mends to the people's talking and communicating skills and knowledge. According to Kavitha & Bhuvaneswari, it is found to act as a main social influence when it comes to social media that affects the personal life of the users. In the research conducted by Pew Research Center, almost 90 percent of the users of social media tend to be educated and younger, and use at least two forms of social media that are defined as an ever evolving changing web-based platform. Here are the fast facts about social media: Web 2.0 and interactive It has features of user-generated profiles. Users can generate the content. and The 69 percent users of social media were Americans based on the 2018 survey. Two Asian countries lead in the list of social media, they are India and China. Online time spent of an individual on social media is over one-fifth. Lesson 3. New Technological Development 1. Technology changed the education system People knew from the start that technologies will grow vastly because of how technology progresses, and also because of people's dissatisfaction in the advancement of technology. Some of the best schools were built but unfortunately, these institutes were far-flung from the homes of some and that was not motivating in some ways. So because of that, technology once again found an answer and that is to provide online schools. Anyone nowadays can have a degree online just by operating his/her computers with internet. 2. Technology changed the methods of communicating Technology today has created many various types of application in terms of doing communication online. Before technology era began in the 8th century, letters and written emails were the first kind of communication. In 1897, radios for communicating were invented and in 1916 were the first and longest time-consumed radio broadcast. Today, radios are no longer used by the majority of people due to the popularity of mobile phones, computers, and even a video conferencing tools. The advantage of doing the communication online is that it is constant and fast, and also easy and known as the quickest way of communication. In the past, a hand written letter takes up to a span of 10 days to get hold of the information written inside the letter. Social media nowadays are the most ranked tool for communicating and interacting because of its many benefits. 3. Technology changed people’s health There are both positive and negative effects of technology in the health of the people. These days, health care services and technologies used in checkups are more developed than the previous generations. But the reason due to the inventions of these are also because of the thought that people are abusing the use of technology in their daily lives. Lesson 4. New Technological Development 1. Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence or known as Al is the replication of machine intellect and a human intelligence. Some part or applications of an Al includes its expertise on systems, speech recognition, and its very own machine vision. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has two categorizations either weak or strong. An Al which is categorized as weak is called the narrow Al and its system is intended and qualified when it comes to an actual task. An example of this is the Apple's voice named Siri. A strong AI on the other hand, is called as the general artificial intelligence. It is capable of reacting upon human cognitive abilities and it is strong enough to discover a solution without the intervention of humans. 2. 3D Printing 3D printing is correspondingly known as additive manufacturing because printing in 3D does not let it eliminate materials, in fact it adds more of it. sheet after sheet. But for you to print a 3D object, it has to have a 3D model of a certain object to be able for the 3D printer to project the exact result of it. 3. Google Glass Augmented Reality or also known as AR has made its way to be included in the lives of people in terms of virtual experience and even education itself. Users can download applications to it and can now view feeds on social media, text messages, and maps that can navigate the actual location of the user using GPS. 4. Oculus Rift Games nowadays have stepped up with Virtual Reality with the help of the Oculus Rift. This 3D headset will make the users feel the impression of being inside the own video game itself. In the virtual world of the Rift, with ultra - low latency, you could turn your head around to sight the inside world of the game in a high resolution display. TEACHER’S INSIGHT This chapter covers millennials and new technologies. Millennials are people born in the years between 1981 and 1996. They are the generation wherein the Internet bloomed. Though everyone, whatever generation you are from uses the internet nowadays, millennials are the one most attached to it. They are the generation that witnessed the progress of technology (the internet). Since the usage of internet by millennials continuously increases, this affects them drastically. It's not just millennials but as well as other people who use it in general. It is believed that it is making us "stupid" due to our dependency on it. It is not only making us "stupid" but lazy as well. Although there are loads of opinion on our usage of technology, it has been a big help to us. Technology continues to progress each and every day and its help to us carries on. CHAPTER 2. OLD MEDIA IN THE NEW WORLD Analyze the changes between the old new media; Analyze the possible solution on the death of new media; and Illustrate the importance of the media. Croteau and Hoynes (2003) stated that the "new era of communication" was made sense by the flow of information that is one of the main purposes of the internet. The internet is continuously developed and it reached the point that it gained attention in unstoppable development. With the complexity of the internet, people can retrieve new information and knowledge about people and the world. It is said that internet users are not only limited to the use of information and communication technology but their way of acting and living their lives are attached to these technology (Holmes, 2005). Starting from the invention of internet, the first media age is beginning to lose its audiences, its purpose as major source of public information and is challenged to survive from dying of the industry. According to Castells (2003), internet gave people the idea of the internet being means of communication from many people to many people in specific time on a global scale. In this connection, internet allows its audience to have freedom of information and speech by expressing their own thoughts, ideas, emotions, and feelings. This concept of internet is contrary to the broadcasting media that allows one person to disseminate information to many people. Lesson 1. Print Media Print media are traditional way of knowing the information. By the form newspaper, magazines, posters, banners and any form of printed materials. Print media is a printed information which is to be spread by the use of paper. It is one of the oldest and basic way of spreading out of news. In early years, people used to handwrite all info before printing material were invented. It was a painstaking work to produce a large printed or handwritten information. But print media are not just for the news and magazine. This production holds a massive area of media, including important letter, mails, yellow pages, direct mail and outdoors advertising. Majority of the information coming from this source are considered as true info. According to Husted, (2017) "Basically, this involves personalizing print media to let customers feel more connected to your brand." Types of Print Media 1. Newspaper-Newspaper is considered to be the most popular form of print media. These are used to disseminate reliable news to huge mass of people. Usually, newspapers are delivered at homes or made available at newsstands and stores. 2. Newsletter-Newsletter is a source of information for small communities or groups. The people who are subsc 3. ribing to a newsletter share same interest regarding a certain topic or event. Also, these are used for promotional use. 4. Magazine-Magazines offer articles about various topics like entertainment, celebrities, food, fashion, and many more. Unlike newspapers that are published every day, magazines are published monthly,quarterly or annually. Also, magazine have a larger scope because some titles are circulating around the world. 5. Banner-Banners are usually made of cloth or paper. Banners are used to display slogans, logos, and other specific messages. Also, banners are used for advertising and promotion of some products and companies. 6. Billboards-Billboards are made for advertisements and usually made with graphics and texts. These are printed in huge size so that it can be read from far distances and to catch more attention. Billboards are considered to be the costliest kind of print media. 7. Books-Books are the oldest kind of print media. Books give writers the freedom to share their knowledge about a certain topic. Books provide a variety of genres and topics like literature, history, fictional stories, romance, science, and so on. Books are not limited to give knowledge but they also provide entertainment to its audience. 8. Brochure-Brochures give information about a certain company or an organization. Usually, brochures are for giveaways so that brands can be remembered by people. 9. Flyers-Flyers are mostly used by small brands to help them build their names to the industry. It is usually distributed at malls, exhibitions, events, or parties. 10. Direct Mail-Small businesses use direct mail to develop awareness to the consumers and generate the list of products and services for advertiser. However, it is difficult to maintain and not always cost-effective. It tends to generate purchasing responses than television and appropriate to campaign the image advertising than to indirect. 11. Yellow Pages-Yellow pages show and arrange the list of ad information and are easy to scan by consumer according to products and services available, location, phone number; business hours; special features, such as the acceptable kinds of payment (i.e., credit cards, checks); parking availability; discounts; and delivery policies and emergency services. Yellow page ad is used to "complement or extend the effects of advertising placed in other media. 12. Outdoor Advertising- It is a directional marker at point customers towards the business as its strength and comes in two forms which are billboards and transit posters. Lesson 2. Death of Print Media The slow death of print media is evident to the current generation. Hardbound books are now tuning into eBooks and kindles, and newspapers are now flashed paper is still going until and the first new broadc allegedly believed that t into the screens of our devices. The current generation is attached to the continuous innovation and development in technology. All these changes in technology make almost everything faster. Fast food, fast cars, fast online shop transactions, fast internet, vast interconnectivity. With the vast interconnectivity of the world, news comes fast to our smartphones. Before, we have to wait for the evening news or the morning newspaper delivery. But now, our constant connection with the world, news comes in within a ding of your phone. Though this connectivity with the world is good at some point, in contrary, this may sacrifice the quality and the factuality of the news that the people may receive. Fake news is widespread in the internet and journalists were being pointed as the cause of this. Circulation of these kinds of news is now easier. However, some of the sources are not really credible of writing such news. Nowadays, immediate news is in high demand that is why people might take some unreliable news as factual. Also, due tothis, some journalists might base their news in uncertain and faulty sources. The advancement of media technology relinquishes the quality of its content. Unlike in print media, we can say that it is factual for it goes through processes of fact checking and copy reading. Besides that, there are still more bad effects of the death of print media. It can eradicate the businesses of local newspaper publication that has not made its name online. Smaller communities will be having a hard time to receive local news. And of course, it will tear down the number of jobs that can be offered to people. You may though that quick news is convenient but it is not always reliable and good for readers. News produced in press may seem slow but its contents are more accurate and factual. Maybe, we really just have to let our patience prevail to get the quality news that we deserve. The Newspaper Newspapers are being predicted to be gone since the year 1960s. But the life of paper is still going until now. It's been almost 92 years since television was made and the first new broadcast was in the 1940s which is 79 years from now. It was allegedly believed that this new electric television broadcast will be the death of newspapers and other print media. In the now current situation, the world has the internet and all other electronics that could end the print media. And according to Professor Picard, people who have the internet have reduced watching their TV, because of the usage of the internet. And newspapers cannot hit equally the internet. But according to the (SPH magazines) research, a survey conducted by the IPSOS with 4,500 European consumers revealed surprisingly that 80% of people prefer reading on paper than on digital media. Out of this, the digital native (18-24-year-old) mirrored the same result with 83% feeling that it was nicer to read on paper." The Sensible Print Delivering a sense of comfort to the reader by holding and reading the material, this allows the reader to familiarize the user which or where the crucial information they are reading. In online media site, there is this article that leads to another link which might lead to a whole circle of the undying link, which can make the reader having a difficulty to navigate what was the information they were reading. Error-free news Meyer (1988) believed that newspaper is comprised of five dimensions, including accuracy, fairness, bias, completeness, and trustworthiness, Newspapers and magazines are seen to be more credible, balance and honest information, providing accurate balance of storytelling, complete information and unbiased news. Newspaper as Historical Sources Books, journal, newspapers and other printed materials when get aged is a big part of the history. Most historians use books and newspapers as their utilized source, to track, solve and to reveal history. The presence of these print media is not just source of information. The newspaper reflects the periods of time and provides a glimpse from the past. Importance of Print Media to the Marketing Industry One of the leading beneficiaries of print media is the marketing industry It offers tangible, credible and more engaging to the customers. Print helps the target market. Public posters and flyers are more convincing, plus it gives comfort to the user. Printed materials engage more the customer and lead them to scan and understand more about the offered product. The effect of print media to the marketing industry is definitely important. C. Types of Broadcast Media 1. Television The television is a source of information and entertainment. To gain viewer's attention, producers of television content basically use graphics, sound and music, color, and motion. Televisions are also being used as medium of promotion by companies and brand with their advertisements. In late 1940's television also known as TV was replicated by Filipino engineers and students then released and introduced to the Filipinos ir used an analog TV; they are ABS-CBN Corp TV5 Network Inc. Analog television in the Phil began to shut down on February 28, 2017, and scheduled to complete by 2023. 2. Radio Radio is a premier medium for dissemination of news and information to the mass audience. Radio has wide scope and reach as long as the radio has signal to connect with. Just like television, radio is also being used by advertisers to promote their brands. D. Music Industry Making of music for years are human activities, individuals or groups; for thousands of years music was part of our life. Written lyrics, folk song, storytelling and more are just evidences of the world music history and industry. Music industry is the business of making music. Artists who create music, perform, record and manage a profit-making business music. Behind the music, history makers are the finest songwriters and composers. Songwriters picture each song with their emotions and feeling, the words and meaning of each song. Music Incorporated with Current Technology The modern technology helps music producers create music easier. Also, musicians can use the technology today to promote their music. Furthermore, musicians do not have to compete just to get some shelf space at the music store and do not have to worry about their distributor. Physical records are now getting outdated because artists are now publicizing their music through music streaming applications that can be installed in mobile phones. Music streaming applications have grown since people are now looking for the most convenient and easiest way to listen to music. These music apps require their users to subscribe for a fee. Moreover, musicians now can deal with its audiences directly and do not have to have a third party company just to reach out to their audience. Artists will now spend less just to promote their music. so The technology today is powerful for the music industry because this can be the medium of musicians for self-promotion that is easier and cheaper than the traditional music production. List of the best music applications and streams available for iOS and Android. 1. Google Play Music 2. Apple Music 3. Youtube Music 4. Spotify 5. Shazam 6. Amazon Music 7. 8Tracks 8. TuneIn Radio 9. Sound Cloud 10. Pandora TEACHER’S INSIGHT As the new era of communication media emerges, the traditional media is facing its slow death. The internet is taking over the world and it allows people to control almost everything. With these changes, the audience of the traditional media are now patronizing the internet. Though this traditional way of disseminating information is slowly dying, the companies of these media are finding new ways to adapt the changes and innovation in technology. These changes have disadvantages, too. With the emergence of internet people now can share their own thoughts and feeling too. This freedom given to the people leads to the spreading of news that are not really reliable and factual. That is why some people are still relying on the traditional newspapers, televisions, or radios. These traditional media produce news that are fact checked and they assure that they disseminate factual news. Unlike the fake news in social media, some are based on opinions or worse, based on nothing just to lead the people to other belief. Though the traditional media are in competition with the new still the traditional print media are still competing with the traditional broadcast media. Despite this competition, each kind of print and broadcast media serves a specific kind of purpose that others cannot give Music industry also changed together with the development of technology, FM radios and vinyl record players emerged in the hos Now, only the FM radios survived the technological advancement and sadly, vinyl records did not make it. In exchange, music streaming apps in the mobile phones serve as the new source of entertainment to people which is more convenient and more portable compared to the older versions of music players CHAPTER 3. NEW TECHNOLOGIES OLD TECHNOLOGIES AND MILLENNIALS Distinguish what are the old technologies and new technologies Explain the importance of news in the millennial generation Discuss how millennials connect with mobile technology and networks; and Explain how social media affects the millennials Lesson 1. Millennials and News News is the information available to its audience about the current events that are happening locally or globally. Common topics used and discussed for news reports include government, politics, weather, catastrophes, economy, education, health, entertainment, fashion, athletic events and so on. It may be provided through different platforms depending from each kind of generation. The Difference between Baby Boomers and Gen Xers to the Millenials Baby Boomers are people who were born from 1946-1964 (54-72 years old), while Gen Xers are the ones who were born from 1965-1980 (38-53 years old). There is a huge difference on how news was received by the people from the old times and now. When the old generation think about the news, they think of the old ways of how they come to be updated with the news. It may be through the radio, the newspaper, and the good old-fashioned televisions, but with the innovations of today's generation, millennials now have different ways to consume and get updated with the news, About eighty-five percent (85%) of the millennials say that they are updated with the latest news. A number that people consider staggering knowing that people actually blame the millennials for the death of the newspaper. How Millennials get up-to date? A quick look into this millennial generation explains to us how they can easily get up-to-date with the news. This millennial generation does not rely on the newspapers or the television just like the Baby Boomers and some Gen Xers do. They get their news through social media networks like Facebook, Twitter and such. A study suggests that about sixty-one percent (61%) of millennials get up-to date with their political news by using Facebook. Most millennials spend about 27 hours a week online, says Nielsen who conducted a study in the third quarter of 2016. Youth’s Perception on News Thirty-six percent (36%) of Americans spend more time reading news that are on par with their political views rather than opposing views. A study conducted by Nielsen found out that Gen Xers spend more time online than some millennials do. Spending about 32 hours a week, a number which is 5 hours higher than millennials. They spend these much time to only read information that they consider to support what they believe in. It can easily be seen what their political opinion by what newspapers and magazines they read whether online or offline. With millennials, eighty-three percent (83%) of them are suggested to be more exposed to more diverse opinions on social media and seventy-three percent (73%) of them click more to know. The generations of Baby Boomers and Gen Xers display that they are set on their own ways, while millennials show open-mindedness. Lesson 2. Millennials and Social Media Social Media is a platform wherein interaction can be made by both the machine and the user in order to share data or information that can be beneficial to various uses. It was created and designed for public use, whether it is for free or not. The usage of the social media networks is limitless. Anything can literally be found in social media in the matter of seconds, or even less. That is why the millennials of today are very much attracted to whatever it produces. Social Media in the Modern World Social media as we know contain many benefits for our diverse users, and since technology dominates the usage of daily living, the power of social media are now being used as a platform to perform task whether it is for personal or professional matters. Social Media diversify its capability on producing great that is user-generated friendly for its content. Since social media is a part of the Web 2.0, the interaction for both technology and human can now be easily explored and used by any individual. Social Media will never go out of date and are here to remain in the technology use, they are not going anywhere since it has an industry where it cannot be destroyed, it will just improve day after day, minute after minute, and seconds after seconds. Forms and Types of Social Media 1. Social Networking - Known for being the most popular and casual use of social media users 2. Forum - Provides interaction between users with the same hobby 3. Microblogging --Consists of small amount of words posted online to share one's thoughts and opinions for personal matters 4. Bookmarking-Personalize identifier to easily identify the specified network site specifically for the user 5. Video Site - Allows user to view video material based on preferences 6. Search Engine-Helps out user to perform a task on what has been researched. Millennials use of Social Media for Beneficial platforms 1. Social Connections: This network allows the user to keep in touch to their friends and families in order to keep updated in order to build connections Examples: Facebook, Twitter, Google+, and MySpace Social Connections can: a. Improve your quality of life b. Boost your mental health c. Help you live longer d. Decrease your risk for suicide 2. Multimedia Sharing: Viewing photographs and watching or streaming online videos are two of the major concepts on how humans interact and cope up with the entertainment industry, as well as pop culture. Media sharing allows to place media on other sites by embedding that can copy and paste the snippet of Hyper Text Markup Language code into web page. Here are the main two forms of media sharing sites. Examples: YouTube, Flickr, Netflix, Pinterest and Instagram Video: Video media sharing sites allow users to upload videos for free such as YouTube. YouTube has a massive audience worldwide, some of the celebrities Internationally or locally have their own YouTube channels. Photos: Photo sharing sites allow to upload images and view by other people. Some sites have license out the photos that can be used and get printed. 3. Professional: Social networks that are created to provide professional usage for users creates a beneficial purpose career-wise. The network provides assistance in finding occupation or create and connect professional forum. Examples: LinkedIn, and Classroom 2.0 4. 4. Informational: Informational networks provide assistance and guidance to people in need and answer what the users need to their everyday problems. Examples: The Nature Conservancy, and Do-It-Yourself Community 5. Educational: This network's purpose is to provide interaction for students to students, students to teacher, or teacher to teacher, and create a working forum where they can collaborate based on school related tasks and projects. Examples: Canvas, School blogs and The Math Forum. 6. Hobbies: Finding the perfect website and application is important to the millennials of today in order to conduct hobbies network-wise. Example: Grow It!, and Scarpbook.com  7. Academic: For research and thesis use, academic network provides a workspace wherein they can share previous researches for the people to view it in public and create beneficial for oneself. Example: Academia.edu, and Research Gate Why Social Media are Always Being Used for Personal Purposes and as a Market. 1. Anyone can easily interact with one another internationally because of the connectivity it offers globally. 2. Interest can be found in any category of website so users can easily find hobbies to consume their time online. 3. The information can be shared instantly, saving time for research and study intentions expressed from the source. 4. Advertising grosses high profit that can be put up in any websites. 5. Speed that technology can offer are now boundless. Lesson 3. The Network Theory Network Theory in social media analysis research according to how people individually, from certain groups and organizations interact with one another by the use of social network. Discovering and understanding the process of the theory starts with the element which is larger, narrowing down to the smallest element. Social Network Theory Social networking theory computational understanding is a how, when, what and why the multi-nodal lifecycle can deploy digital initiatives to construct a framework of understanding for the populace. Social Network Principles 1. Balance 2. Exchange 3. Betweenness 4. tl;dr Social Media Affect the Millennials on Everyday Usage People are being used as a product. With the rise of the E-commerce industry, people are attracted in online shopping and are addicted in buying anything because of convenience and time. saving. According to the eshopworld, in the Philippines alone in 2018, customer spends in an estimate of $1.49 billion, and it is expected to multiply twice by the end of 2021. Online shopping creates many disadvantages which creates the chaotic side of online usage. From the faking or imitation of product, tricks being used to fool customers in order to make profit, to the criminal acts that online shopping and meet-up that is offered, the usage of e-commerce can be a dangerous medium to put a risk on. Privacy Issues Social media are being used as a platform to invade someone else's privacy. Because of this, many criminal acts are being performed online such as catfishing, fraud, phishing, hacking, threats, plagiarizing, stalking and the use of copyright that can lead to certain criminal acts. People are easily tricked into being included in this kind of act, since the use of online material is the easiest way to access someone's private data and information. Negative Impacts of Health Issues and the Result it Offers The abuse of using social media can lead to certain damage in any single parts of your body, from getting poor eyesight, brain damage (temporarily and lifetime), back problems and many more. The Rise of Cyberbullying While other social media platforms are being used for motivational and positive purposes, others use it for the exact opposite. The effects of cyberbullying vary, especially for the millennials and can result into many ways, suicide tendencies are example of the worst things that bullying can be triggered into putting an act. Legal implications of Cyberbullying under Philippine Laws The Anti-Bullying Act of 2013 (RA 10627) It covers social bullying who experienced humiliates the sexual orientation and identity, and perceived belittle individual and/or group and/or gender-based under Section 3, B-1, RA 10627, Implementing Rules. In the Section 2; RA 10627, bullying refers to any severe or repeated use by one or more students of a written, verbal or electronic expression, or a physical act or gesture, or any combination. Millennials and Twitter. It is a social networking service (SNS) where its users can "tweet" and interact with others' tweets. These tweets consist of up to 280 characters and users are able to post, like and retweet tweets. It can be accessed through the website interface and its mobile-device application. It was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, and Evan Williams and was immediately launched in July of the same year. Twitter is one of the most sought after applications ever since its release with over 326 million monthly active users today. In these modern days, twitter has become the outlet for millennials to say what they want to say. It gives its users a way to communicate to a wide audience, Millennials and Mobile Technology Mobile Technology is a medium that people use, not just millennials, but also to diverse variety of people which are being used for cellular communication for personal and specific intentions. It is a technology where transmitted data can be easily accessed on one single channel instantly Mobile technology affects the millennials The use of mobile technologies or devices continues to influence the younger generation, especially for the millennials of today. The use of those devices contains many benefits for the users, that is why it is impossible to take down the market of technology in the modern world, wherein many people are constantly buying the related products. With the result of that cycle of producing and marketing devices, the growth of the industry continues to increase day by day. Timeline of Mobile Technology through Service 1.1980 - Introduction of 1G was implemented in using brick phone and was limited for voice communication only. 2.1991-Short Message Service (SMS) was developed with the use of 2G. 3.1998-3G was implemented for better service transaction by the users. 4.2008 - 4G was introduced for many purposes for service such as faster mobile data connection, gaming motives, mobile and television improvements and many more 5.Future to Come (2020) -5G is expected to be released in the year 2020. TEACHER’S INSIGHT News are current events that are reported to a wide range of audience. Baby Boomers and Gen Xers are different from the modern generation of Millennials in terms of how they get updated with the current news and how they perceive them. With the vast innovation of technology, Millennials get updated from social media platforms like Facebook. Another issue about these innovations are how people depend based on the results of their internet searches, leading them to be misinformed. There are two types of knowledge, expert knowledge, acquired by those who studied for expertise and had earned advanced degrees, and wiki knowledge, the information gathered through the internet but are not supported by conclusive evidence. Users must always remember that not everything you see in the internet is true and there are experts that they can seek for counsel.  Social Media are used for everyday interaction from whatever medium was used to the human being. The benefits of using social media for any platform can be infinite, that is why the industry will never diminish in today's modern world. Social Media are composed of many types and forms that can be used by millennials for networking, forums and such. The power it creates can help out many beneficiaries for the users, whether it is for professional, social connections, sharing of information and others. The concept of market is now being applied to Social Media due to the rise of e-commerce, high profit, accessibility and instant use. Of course when there are a lot of benefits given by social media, there is an opposing side wherein users must be aware to avoid malicious content. Other negative effects of using social media must be avoided as well, to increase productivity, and remain the positive communities that social media are supposed to have. Twitter is a social networking service, where users are able to post their thoughts and interact with other users: Tweets are limited to maximum of 280 characters. With this limitation, users often abbreviate their words and sentences to put more thought in their tweets. 61% of Twitter users are millennials since they are known as the digital generation. There are three reasons why millennials embraced Twitter: (1) to know the trending topics, (2) to get away from boredom, and (3) to document using hashtag. Mobile Technology is a medium that is being used by many people for the purpose of communicating instantly that makes the lives of people easier because of convenience. Users consider various reasoning on why they consider to purchase a mobile device or not. It impacts on our daily living for the better or for worse, depending on how people define their limitation on the usage or how they use it as a tool for a helping hand. Users need to consider proper etiquette with regards to using their phone, especially when it is not for the necessary use, The market of mobile technology will continue to rise as year goes by. The millennials, are continually attracted into purchasing mobile technologies and cope up with the demand of modernization. LESSON 4. DARK SIDE OF THE INTERNET Utopian and Dystopian Views of the Internet Media Acceleration and Information Internet Addiction and Isolation Selective Exposure and Political Polarization Lesson 1. Utopian and Dystopian Views of the Internet Throughout the years, the Internet has provided great service and help to researchers, professors, students, and whoever needs any help of anything. But it also has its fair share of issues and controversies and because of this, people have different opinions or views about the Internet. People tend to think of the negative sides of the Internet and the possible negative effects that it may possess through the dystopian mentality. It is easier to judge than to appreciate the beauty in life, same goes with our view of the Internet. Although it would never hurt to have a positive thinking for the Internet, or the utopian mentality, for it will provide us an even greater purpose in the future than it already does now. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, utopia is the idea of having a perfect society in which everyone works well with each other and is, happy Describing an idea or thinking as utopian means that it is too optimistic, unrealistic and sort of impossible. Utopian thinking is an imagination of a perfect society mostly applicable in government, politics, and economics. The term utopia was coined, from Greek word meaning 'no place' or nowhere', by Sir Thomas More used in his 1516 book Utopia, describing a fictional place and an almost perfect society. Importance of having an Utopian view in Technology Utopianism plays an important role in influencing change. One question ask to get in a Utopian thinking is - What should the future be like? What would we want life to be like one day? A human's mind is more powerful than what we credit it for. Having a Utopian idea may seem naive for some, because of it bene far from reality but aren't the latest technologies used to be just a silly concept in the past years. Utopian thinking lets us to maneuver different possibility of innovation, imagining and creating masterpiece inside our heads that could someday be a possible output. Changes in technology seldom start with having an actual invention on the spot, it is formed from our imagination with the thirst for innovation and inventing something that does not yet exist. From the past years, who knew that someday we would have self-lacing shoes, robots that can serve us coffee, driverless cars, and other technologies that were once a crazy illusion but somehow it became a possibility. Utopian ideas may be a little ahead of our time but it could help in shaping what can be our future. Negative Effects of having an Utopian view Utopianism may be important for the improvement of our way of life. It may possess great effects but if it is not used carefully, it may become dangerous. It can be dangerous because it can lead to people to do whatever it takes into attaining an almost impossible goal. Dystopia According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, dystopia is an imagined world or society in which people lead wretched, dehumanized, fearful lives. Dystopia is an imperfect world, where everything goes the wrong way. It shows the nightmare of having a doomed future filled with rebellion, wars, oppression, corruption, disasters - the exact opposite of Utopia. Utopian and Dystopian Views of the Internet and Technology Jobs that were once performed by humans are now being done by machines. Jobs are vanishing, huge amount of people being unemployed because of this. As time goes by, these numbers will undeniably increase. Artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, universal basic income, and blockchain, these are advances in our technology that developers promised to mold the future and solve the problems the world has as of the present. However, through the development of these, the world at risk of possibly removing the sole purpose of humans. In the online world, our need for easier communication before, resulted into today's successful mode of communications. The utopian goal was to have a perfect mode of communication and it became triumphant. On the other hand, with these utopian goals comes with a dystopian fear things going awry that it could lead to a huge destruction. As of now, it may not yet reach to that extreme but if we continue to take advantage of it, things could go out of our control. One of the bad effects internet has caused today is the rampant spreading of fake news, and the use of different accounts to fool other people. Today, the utopian justifies the dystopian effects and if we learn to control and properly use it, then we could live in a world without the fear of the world's destruction. Lesson 2. Media Acceleration and Information Information Overload or Data Smog Data Smog points out the staggering amount of information and data, these data are usually acquired through internet searches. The term data smog is connected to the smog we experience through nature. The mixing of fictitious and factual information online is compared to the mixing of fog and smoke pollution, both of which make it hard to distinguish one from the other. Overwhelming amount of data on almost every possible topic can be favorable, but this continuous bombardment of data can have negative effects without us even noticing it. Media Acceleration in Sports Culture The use of blogging, vlogging and social networking sites—especially Twitter by professional athletes, sports leagues, sports teams and sports fan has increased quickly and has been rampant over the past few years. Benefits: 1.Build Brand: Athletes also often have difficulty changing fans' perception of them by how they appear when playing their chosen sport. 2.Build Leverage: Athletes can build incredible leverage to support their endorsers and engage advertisers in a more authentic way. 3.Build Relevance: Athletes can build a really authentic channel just the way they like it, communicate who they really are and ensure long-term popularity. What are the drawbacks? 1.Invites Criticism: This is something that athletes must be prepared to deal with before vlogging 2.Takes Effort: We've found this to be the number one issue for football players (and anyone in general). The preconception that it takes ages to film a high-quality video production scares a lot of people. 3. Needs Commitment: Athletes like Kobe Bryant are now going through a major transformation from 'sports icon' to 'creative force With his most recent Oscar nomination, the Black Mamba is quickly shifting his obsession to the creative industries - Video can play a powerful medium to speed track this mind shift in the hearts of fans. Lesson 3. Internet Addiction and Isolation Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) is identified as an impulse control disorder but without the involvement of illegal drugs or alcohol. It is slightly identical with gambling. The users enjoy different things online, like playing games, social media, and even binge watching series and movies. Types of Online Addiction 1. Games - include excessive amount of time online playing online games and gambling (like online poker). This is the type of addiction that is very rampant nowadays, especially with the younger generation. 2. Cyber Sexual and Cyber Relationships - include obsession with online dating, watching pornography, and cybersex. 3. Social Networking - include the over usage of social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. The user also feels the need to constantly update his/her social media and to monitor different posts. 4. Net Compulsions - include addiction in online shopping or stock trading. Information - includes obsession with searching and collecting different information. Signs of Internet Addiction 1. Gradual increase of time with the use of Internet just to feel satisfied. 2. The user uses Internet to cope with negative feelings and bad mood. 3. The user feels anxious, restless, irritable, and moody when they are not able to go online, 4. The user is unable to minimize the use of Internet after multiple attempts. 5. The user loses track of time when online. 6. The user chooses to spend most of his/her time using the Internet over other significant things in life like work, school, travel, relationships, and other more. 7. The user is willing to sacrifice or to lose job, relationship, opportunities to be able to go online. Causes of Internet Addiction 1.The user who might be shy in real life may feel secured with the feeling of anonymity when using the Internet. 2.The user turns to Internet use to escape from problems. 3.The user uses the virtual world to connect with people to lack of ability in real life communication. 4. The feeling of having a quick access to everything persuades to use the Internet more often than intended. Effects of Internet Addiction 1. Family problems - the user does not spend time with his/her family which leads to disagreements. 2. Mental health problems - creating another persona online may soon to depression and anxiety if it is not used moderately. 3. Academic difficulty - significant decrease in the user's academic records. 4. Financial issues - internet addiction can be costly especially with gambling and online games. lead online 5. Medical problems - spending too much time using the computer can be the cause to complications in our health like severe headaches, body aches, carpal tunnel syndrome, dry eyes, and eating irregularities. 6. Work complications - this leads the user to neglect office works that may lead to losing the user's job. 7. Unhealthy sleeping habits - internet addiction makes the user lose track of time due to long durations or over use of the internet. 8. Socially awkward - frequent use of the internet takes away the time that can be used to socialize and explore the world. Treat on Internet Addiction When it comes to mental health problems or psychological problems, like internet addiction, the very first thing that a person has to do is to determine if there is a problem or what is the problem. Secondly, the person has to accept that he/she really has a problem. There are two ways to treat Internet addiction First is self-help, which can be used if the person thinks that the problem is not that serious, yet. If the user thinks that he/she can still handle and correct themselves on their own. The second is professional treatment, this involves a licensed psychologist or a councilor, who can help the user in controlling their use of the internet. For the self-help treatment, these are several steps to help in treating mild internet addiction: 1. Keep track of your daily internet use. 2. Look for other easy activities that can be used to replace the time of using the internet. 3. Think of reasons why you always end up using the internet too much. 4. If you feel restless when not using the internet, try different relaxation methods to center yourself. 5. Keep yourself busy doing other things. 6. If there is still no progress, start to consider asking for professional help. Social Isolation Social Isolation is the state in which a person feels the lack of ability in socializing. The person also feels like he/she does not belong. He/she also usually fails in creating relationships with others. People who feel socially isolated involuntarily prevent contact and socialization between individuals and the society. A person experiences social isolation if he/she suffers from: 1. Shame and depression 2. Solitude 3. Social anxiety and fears of abandonment 4. Lack in social contact 5. Relationship on social and professional are limited emotions with anyone. 6. Loneliness and distress Emotional Isolation It is a state of unable and unwilling to share emotions with anyone. It occurs due to social isolation and isolated emotionally because of social network. Solitude, Isolation, and Loneliness Solitude means being alone. Isolation means lack of support in social relationships and emotion Loneliness means longing for social contact. Does Social Media Cause Isolation? Social media feel connected that replaces in-person in fleeting online interactions substitute for more substantive conversation that increases access to relationships and reduce isolation meaningful From 19 up to 32 years old found frequent social media users and got the higher levels of perceived social isolation with three times as likely to feel isolated as the least frequent users. The use of social media as a result may be harmful or feel isolated. How the Internet affects Social Isolation? People who use the Internet frequently spend fewer time in doing different kinds of activities and this includes socializing. But do people really sacrifice social interaction to be able to use the internet or do they use the internet because they lack the ability to socialize? A study conducted by Sanders, Field, Diego, and Kaplan (2000) shows that lower internet use by teenagers or adolescents is related to better relationship with parents and even friends. The study also found that higher internet use leads to a person's weaker social ties. Lesson 3. Selective Exposure and Political Polarization Selective Exposure Theory is the tendency of a person within mass media to avoid stumbling upon an information that opposes their current opinion and to search for an information that can strengthen or prove their view. It is human nature for us not to want our ideas, opinions, and beliefs to be contradicted. A human's emotion plays a big part in this. It is not a requirement to change your opinion or beliefs when you read a contradicting information, but it is best to at least recognize it. Selective Exposure in the Internet With the rise of the internet, we tend to rely deeply on it in everything that we do. Although there are certain parameters we have to follow to fully utilize its use. It may not be noticeable but selective exposure takes place in our daily use of the internet, especially on social media. With 500,000 new users a day in Facebook alone, users go through thousands to millions of posts each day. This is where we can positively use the concept of selective exposure theory. There are negative and positive sides in using selective exposure in the internet age. For the negative side, readers should not avoid information contradicting their current view. Instead, the reader should learn to read information to educate themselves without the need to change their opinions because selectively reading information that only coincides with a reader's belief can cause for the reader to miss out on important facts. For the positive side, readers should learn what to believe or what not to believe when reading information online. This way, readers could stay away from "fake news" and from spreading it. According to Facebook's estimate no more than 3% of its users are fake accounts and 6% to 10% of it are duplicate accounts. The numbers may seem small in percentage hen translated into the number of accounts, that would be a whopping 270 million Facebook accounts that are fraudulent. There are circumstances where a user should carefully choose what to see, read, or listen to avoid unwanted happenings. Political Polarization According to DiMaggio, Evans, Bryson (1996), "Polarization is both a state and A Process. Polarization as a state refers to the extent to which opinions on an issue an opposed in relation to some theoretical maximum Polarization as a process refers to the increase in such opposition over time So basically in politics, polarization refers to the divided political outlook in ideological extremes Middle ground usually cannot be found in these cases but two extremely contradicting opinions. There are two types of political polarization: elite polarization polarization. and popular Elite Polarization is the polarization within a party. This happens when the party's views and homogeneous political parties with elite polarization have a distinct or a particular point of view and are more unified intemally, and are habitually seen in a parliamentary system of democratic governance. Popular Polarization or sometimes called mass polarization happens when majority of the people in a party have a mom heterogeneous view principle and policies. Members are divided and usually become less moderate in case political polarization. The Impact of Selective Exposure to Political Polarization According to Yonghwan (2013), citizen's selective exposure to ideologically slanted media outlets will lead to polarized attitudes toward political candidates. Conservative Republicans consuming more conservative media outlets were more likely to have polarized attitudes toward presidential candidates. An estimated 40% among the human population have access to social media and that translates to a staggering number of over 3 billion users logging onto social media. That number may not be equally divided into two oppositions but that still has divisions of interest, and those who are like-minded are that ones that usually interact because of selective exposure. The internet has become a significant aspect when it comes to voting and other political issues. But do the readers really seek for the better option or are they just selectively looking for information that can strengthen their faith in their choices? This is how selective exposure affects political polarization. People try to prove their views as blinded as they can be, which creates two very contradicting oppositions that strongly reinforce political polarization. TEACHER’S INSIGHT This chapter tackles about the dark side of the internet which comprises of firstly, the utopian and dystopian views of the internet, the two extremes of ideologies of a view, in this case the future of innovations and technological advancements. Secondly, media acceleration and information, the fast progression or the rise of the internet in terms of exchanging information and the growing number of uses that users can do with it. Thirdly, internet addiction and isolation, which talks about the bad effects that internet can possibly cause to its users. A problem that may need to be cured long term. Lastly, selective exposure and political polarization that discusses the impact that the internet can cause even to the country's political issues. This chapter focuses on the dark side or the negative aspects of the internet. SEMI FINALS COVERAGE CHAPTER 5. Light Side of the Internet Distinguish the relationship between the internet and interpersonal communication; Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of internet in developing the interpersonal communication; Explain how internet is related to civic engagements; Discuss the importance of having Networks Lesson 1. The Internet and Interpersonal Communication It is a type of communication that takes place between or among two or more people. It includes conveying thoughts, ideas and emotions through by passing messages either verbal or non-verbal. This type of communication is not just about putting words and speaking it rather it requires the proper facial expressions and other elements such as gestures and body language that adds up to the expression of messages. Elements of Interpersonal Communication The element that composes the interpersonal communication is represented by the diagram shown. The Communicators (Sender and Receiver) This includes two or more people communicating with each other. The sender is responsible in sending the message which is considered the source while the receiver is the individual who decodes the message that has been sent. The Message These are conveyed thoughts and even emotions expressed in different wave like gestures and expressions of the face. Particularly, this is the main content of the communication enabling the two or more parties to get involved and share something with each other. Barriers (Noise) These are the factors which can be internal or external that hinder the transmission of the message from the sender and the receiver. These can result to ineffective communication causing problems in conveying the right message. Feedback (Response) A feedback is an element of communication which entails the response of the receiver towards the message conveyed by the sender. It shows the understanding of the receiver to the message he decoded or processed. Context It is the type of environment where the communicators are in while communicating with each other. The setting or the mood of the place can affect the way of communication and every communicator should consider this in any way possible. Channel This pertains to the physical object used in conveying the messages. Channels may differ from forms considering that there are different types of communication. For example, in a call which involves two persons, the communication takes place with the use of phone which limits the channel to the speech alone. Lesson 2. Networking and Community What is a Network? Network is described as the group of devices that has the capability to connect with each other and be able to send information. Such devices include smart phones, laptops and even computers which are using different systems of connections to share data and information. Community: In the World of Technology Network of community are series of computer system which purpose is to give assistance to communities and often provide services, particularly for those communities that are sharing the same goal and belief. Community Technology Centers (CTC) These are types of facility headed by different organizations such as the non-profit organizations with the strong assistance from the local and national government. Private individuals, organizations and also businesses are also participating in the establishment of these facilities. This aims to help people without the capability to have access and cannot afford to have a computer or a technology device. Goals of Network Community 1. Provide easy access information through the help of functioning networks or resources 2. Give Trusted platform which can be used by the community in discouraging digital divide 3. Promote a developed community through different technology engagements 4. Develop a strong connection with the citizens of the community Lesson 3. Social Capital Social Capital in the field of Technology Social Capital are the factors that are present in a community or society. It is also the network of values that focuses on maintaining a social relation which can lead to reaching the organizations goal. Social Capital requires participation and coordination with every member of the team to be able to come up with an output. A social group is a unit of people associated with each other due to their shared belief, characteristics and principles. One Side of Social Capital: Variety Based On Direct Approach Bonds This is the link between people sharing the same culture and ethnicity. Most common example is loved ones and friends. Bridges This category is focusing on a more varied relationship compared to bonds which is beyond its scope. Example: Associates Linkages Related to people that are considered in the higher level or the lower level of the hierarchical structure of a society. Lesson 4. The Internet and Civic Engagement What is Civic Engagement? Civic Engagement pertains to the works or activities of an individual or group of people concerning about the civic values of the community. What is Internet Civic Engagement? The Civic Engagement and Internet is a several single or cluster commotion talking about civic issues as well as working with the help of each other whether the actions are related to politics or not with regards in using the internet. Differences and Purpose of Civic Engagement and Internet There is huge difference between the civic engagement and the internet. One of the differences of these two is on the way the people engage themselves to the community in both non political and political activities. On civic engagement, you are involving yourselt to the community face to face or directly unlike in the internet, you are participating with the use of online connection and not a personal connection. The purpose of these two is both have the ability to express the people's feeling and thought and the people can participate or involve themselves to the community. Even though the internet will take the place, traditional political doing will continue the field of some people with great heights of profits and leaming Opposing to the expectations of approximately promoters, the socio-economic atmosphere of public engagement in America does change even though the internet has not sprouted. Most of the participants in online political activities such as signing an online application or creating a political involvement and transmitting a government official are those people who are prosperous and knowledgeable.To some extent, the image below shows the product from variances in accessing to the internet are those who are lesser on the social and economic ranking are fewer expected to be connected or to consume in accessing internet using broadband at household, doing it incredible for the others to take part in political online activity. However, though the connected people have a resilient progressive connection among social and economic standing utmost based on the internet processes of governmental commitment. Moreover, since the millennials are further expected to use internet than the others like seniors, the involvement gap among comparatively unengaged greater than engaged middle-aged grown person that naturally symbolizes disconnected administrative movements is fewer obvious in addressing the governmental participation through the internet. Still, around is a tough relationship among social and economic rank as well as using the internet in governmental and public assignation regardless to their ages and groups. Types of Civic Engagement Direct Service Offering your individual efforts, vitality and time to speak and express your thoughts to help and provide the needs of the community. Community Research This type of civic engagement focuses on discovering the probable assets, challenges, and social problems in the community as well as in coming up with the best possible solutions to the current problems. Advocacy and Education It involves the implementation of different ways to persuade the government or the decision of the corporate to make a decision that the entire civic will benefit. Capacity Building The help and participation of the different sectors in the community will make an improvement and develop current resources or create new capitals that will be used to find the solutions and come up to an precise answer to the specific problems and to make the community become better. Political Involvement It concerns the involvement of a person in political activities such participating in campaign and voting the right person to serve the people. Socially Responsible, Personal and Professional Behaviour Being responsible in all the time on whatever you are doing. Your actions must be always in ethical regardless if it is personal or professional life. Philanthropic Being part and volunteer to the projects of the government or non-government organizations to raise fund and use this to provide the needs or donate something to the people of the community. Impacts and Importance of Civic Engagement Based on the study, it shows that once the populations participated well in making a decision for the organization of the community are much more appropriate and utilized than in any other civic engagement organization. Having this kind of organizations is more effective and inclusive. A community that has a greater level of civic engagement has a better sagacity of a society, lower the rates of crimes and has good leadership, therefore the people of the community would be happy and healthy. A lot of people benefits from the civic engagement because there's a probability that it will help to develop their social interaction, that will bring the people with the organization to work together and carry all encouraging norms, as well as it can provide to them the feelings that all things that they are doing is essential every time, also it can able to develop and improve their skills and soon they might realize their real passions. TEACHER’S INSIGHT This chapter discussed the light side of the internet which includes the connection between internet and interpersonal communication, the elements of interpersonal communication that influence how the internet is applied and used effectively in sending information. Also, the chapter tackled the difference of the two in terms of consumable time, effectiveness, convenience, privacy and scope. Part of the discussion also focuses on the formation of community with the help of networks and its applicability in everyday tasks. In which this network of communities leads to foundation of Community Technology Centers (CTC). Aside from the network of communities, social capital was defined as the factors associated with social groups which include tangible and intangible resources, Variations of Social Capital are tackled by presenting links with different types of people. Lastly, the purposes of internet to civic engagements are presented with the given organizations in the Philippines. The whole chapter covers positive side of the internet used in different aspects of human development. CHAPTER 6. Election in the Internet Age Explain the significance of social media and the internet for as a political platform; Discuss how social media and technology was utilized by significant figures in modern day politics; Distinguish and differentiate the electoral campaigns of the internet Age from the previous years Explain how and social media changed politics With the continuous growth of social media presence around the world, the Philippines, dubbed as the "Social Networking Capital of the World" (Liao, 2008) has been using the Internet for various purposes ranging from entertainment, source of information, collaborations and other conventional purposes. The introduction of the Information Age, or Digital Age superficially empowered the people of various background in voicing out their thoughts, opinions as well as the online partisans of different sectors and beliefs spreading their information through the way the people want to today - efficient and convenient. The thought of data and credibility being the key commodity of everything in this digital age throughout the plethora of social networking sites, it was only a matter of time when people realize the power tool that is social media - more specifically as a political platform by different government officials, political figures and socialites. Lesson 1. Social Media as a Political Platform Social media today is thought of as an "Online World for Young People and Political News," (Nieman Reports, 2008) as it offers the plethora of enjoyment, satisfaction and as a source of information that is very evident for the growth of one's personal and professional interest. As prominent as it is, social media are inclined towards younger audience specifically those considered to be a part Millennials and Gen Z generation. It has offered them a wide online virtual space for them to interact, trade opinions with each other and have their voices be heard no matter their social status, profession and life background. In the spark of this, social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have slowly gained credibility as it slowly takes the form of an online newspaper - a newspaper not taking the form of a daily print of morning paper that one reads as they drink their coffee nor the evening news that highlights the events of the whole day. Today, through these social media platforms it is finally available when and where we want it to be and so it was only a matter of time before any form of politics enters the scene. Fast and Real Time The political aspect has drastically changed in the last couple of decades with the Internet and Social Media playing such a large role in this change. It is now considered a vital role in political campaigns and movements as well as the way it can affect the views of the people - and with the influences of their votes. These days, candidates and their supporters constantly "flood" different social networking sites such as the giants Facebook and Twitter in the form of their own respective pages, twitter accounts and advertisements which would broadcast their propagandas. Not only does it gain traction for its users, but also the sympathy and emotions of the people being their key of garnering their votes (Caleb, 2018). Shares and Retweets Another great factor is concerned regarding the real time capability and updates of news virtually anytime and anywhere, one way that social media turned into this powerful tool is its undefeated speed in sharing news, poll surveys and even propagandas and rumors. As much as we'd like to deny it, while we are capable of going to an online website to read news, people of any age these days prefer to spend their time on Facebook and Twitter rather than any serious toned websites like CNN and New York Times. This means that we often get all the trending facts and stories through our online friends that appear in our feed. At your Fingertips One of the most vital parts of social media is its capability of having direct interaction with politicians. In previous years during election periods, the only time that people would be able to interact with their hopeful candidates are through meeting de avance or MDAs or if the political or candidate decides to do a publicity stunt to gain the favor of the people and it is proven that it does help in their respective campaigns and anyone who does fail to do so has a slimmer chance of winning. Thanks to modern technology, a politician could simply utilize social media to announce an online event whether in the form of AMAS (Ask me Anything), going live on Facebook for announcements and to interact with its viewers and who knows, maybe even virtual reality might be used for political purposes. When it comes to the social media platform, the possibilities are going to be limitless in the way how the politician and its own advisors could think of utilizing this power. Everything Is Permitted In terms of demographics however, politicians are capable of targeting certain audiences to make sure that their voice and messages are being heard by the right audience. May it be for a certain gender, age group, ethnicity, social background and place of residency they are able to tailor their advertisements through Facebook's algorithm and analytics for targeted advertising. You may not notice it but you might feel that a certain advertisement is talking to you personally, you mustn't be surprised that it was not any form of coincidence. It was specifically made for you. Lies and Deceit One of the other ways social media is turning into a political platform is its capabilities of spreading lies and deceit in the forms of rumors, fake news and conspiracies for the opposition of a certain candidate. Political campaigns are now influenced by almost any story, regardless if it's proven true or false, as long as its spread like wildfire in social media, it has then done its part of influencing the people. And with the spread of such concept online, one does tend to get confused or worst believe the lies created by anonymous people online. Memes for example are a mixture of the reality of the situation, satirical implications, direct lies as well as unconventional speculations that affect even the most dedicated supporters of each candidate. Satirical news sites for example may look authentic and legitimate enough to be believed by the common man, even taking the form of clickbait stories or trolls that use misleading headlines to gain traction after all, people would prefer reading short one liners that spending their time reading and doing their own research in the topic to find out the truth. Another one is the political biases of certain sites for their chosen candidates. As a quick tip, a great deal of diligence is needed to believe anything - one should take the time to research in finding out the truth rather than regret it once the wrong man is seated in the office. Sense of Confirmation Another factor often misunderstood is the so-called power of confirmation bias. Facebook and Twitter are created to connect with people, specifically those that are close to you enough such as family members and close friends and more often than not the opinions between you and them are similar to each other which is why most of the time you and they share the same sympathies on different issues, including politics. Vast majorities of Facebook Posts and Tweets tend to express a specific point of view, specifically the one that you already hold. This creates this illusion online that everybody thinks the same way as you do online which creates the filtered bias between you and your friends. This is the reason why certain opinions are disregarded because it goes against the embedded beliefs that one already holds and not even admitting that they are also just influenced as well. More often than not, social media tell you what you wanted to hear as a form of validation and the so-called fortification of a certain mindset between one another. For this reason, social media may reinforce our opinions and have us close minded to a certain point of view that it will be heinous enough for us to entertain nor consider the unconventional opinions of others. However, if you do make an effort to connect with various people with diverse standpoints and believes, you can overcome this bias and create this virtual space a healthy, anonymous and open space for open-minded people. Throughout the years, the future of politics will still find different ways that we may have not thought of today. With social media still being relatively new as well as its continuous improvement, we're just starting to see its impact on society. even if it does look like it has greatly impacted the course of life right now. Many political changes are surely to be improved and crumbled through social media. Lesson 2. Media and Cyberspace impacts to elections-Future of Politics in the digital age Judging from the development of the Internet and Technology up to now, one can easily visualize that the further development of technology and devices will result in an innovative and more viable tools with features not yet even comprehensible today. Should that advancement go forth, it will be unlikely that the current discussion of ways to avoid problems and current issues will provide us a clear solution and possibly a well-defined standard. Government officials and politicians already have a wide array of tools to use to spread their information and name during election periods. Blogs are easily made, a single post on Facebook is a few clicks away, and a picture speaks a thousand words. Moving forward, it is a must for candidates to build up the ropes to providing information without unintentionally misleading them. The netizens as well should also realize that it is possible that the next elections would be more censored or controlled due to numerous bans and laws enacted upon the cyberspace. This ban, while intentional, aims to ensure a level of fairness between each hopeful during the electoral period. We only hope that these government officials do not fret on the sight of maintaining focus on the debate of using the Internet for applicable purposes and as a political tool in general. Ask any politician these days and he'll tell you that journalist and the media wield the power over the political process of any country. It is for a fact that media continuously play a major role in politics with regards to the freedom of the press thanks to Democracy. It is only just that voters require the information to make educated decisions and it is a journalist's task to provide it to them. The media can alter the outcome of an election often relating it to "Rigging the Elections" through media coverage often seen as biased. The media landscape has greatly impact how they are able to interact with various candidates, social media, the cyberspace in general and even the millions of voters. It was at this time that the country would feel distrust towards these giant media companies and yet they are still the main source of valid and unhindered news. Are we Covering This? As any news, it is up to the jurisdiction and choice of journalists in choosing which candidates to cover and evidently how much. Those choices alone are already a deciding factor who would get more public exposure, both acceptance and outrage as a simple name recognition plays a big factor to drive their campaigns during their elections. This is the main reason as to why some candidates felt invisible as they cannot win enough interest from the media. The best example being Trump's outsized proportion of media coverage due to his unfiltered tweets on Twitter, public speaking and outright accusations in his campaigns that have given him National and International Coverage he needs to stand out in the crowd. And with the integration of social media for these journalists, it will always be fast enough that are capable of updating the public in a matter of seconds. Biases and Scripts Based on a research by Pew Research Center, many media outlets attract partisan audiences thus radiate political biases in their coverage. With today's news consumers getting their facts with a simple click and flick of the wrist on their personal computers and mobile devices from a quick internet search, many have started to differentiate themselves by shifting from news to a more contextual and analytical manner of news. However, this isn't always the case as selective exposure provides the tendency the general public had to seek out valid sources that wouldn't challenge our intellects and beliefs about the world. It is for a fact that there is relationship between selective exposure and the division of political favors in any electoral campaign in any nation and it is clearly related to the rise of partisans delight in their media sources, the blogs and websites they visit as well as the ideological bias. Checking the Facts - Authentic or Not? Just like any other news, it should be considered that facts must be checked out and verified to be real and accurate. Delivery rushed news based from speculations are surely going to be an issue that could even affect the name of these media groups. One of the most notable developments in journalism is its capability of leading the outcomes of the elections. (Radcliffe, 2019) It should also be considered that while certain news from even the biggest names of media corporation might be made up or considered fake- it isn't always the case as you have to consider that these media groups also aim to be the very first source of everything as they are still a business in mind. It is in their best interest the name of the company that they represent. It is still however a fact that the netizens still exercise their diligence to find out what's reliable facts to those that aren't. TEACHER’S INSIGHT This chapter tackles about the effects of the Internet on elections in association to the continuous development of technology, recognizing it as a form of political platform through different social networking sites, blogs and websites, emails and any form of transmitting information online. It provides an overview on different ways winning candidates from recently prominent figures of the past decades have utilized the World Wide Web as their ticket to not just winning the presidential seat but the Internet as well. The chapter also discussed some of the political strategies considered and facts related to it that shows how the Internet has shaped their campaign for their own purposes. The chapter also discussed key components of the impacts of social is for the Digital Age associating it to the winning factor of certain politicians Social media, while aimed as being a way to communicate with people online, have continuously been recognized as more than that as it was used for political purposes, thus igniting more ways how the Internet could be molded for the next years to come The netizens, however, should still practice their diligence in terms of politics and recognizing all the facts taken and presented from the internet; it must also be considered that the Internet merely being a political tool is an understatement, rather they must consider it a major transmission of data that could curve the waves towards the politicians' goal of achieving what they want. Chapter 7. POLICING THE INTERNET FINALS COVERAGE Show if you are using the internet safely; Examine the various kinds of information threats in the internet; Discover the different terminologies about privacy and surveillance and online ethics Apply the guidelines of proper etiquettes online Lesson 1.Privacy and Surveillance Data Breach Data breach is a cybercrime in which a cybercriminal extracts data from a source. Usually, data breach is done through remote network or through a physical access to a computer or network. Cybercriminals have a systematic way of implementing a breach. At first, they are doing a research with regards to the weaknesses of the source's security. Once they knew the weakness, they will take advantage of it to attack to initiate a contact with a network. Then, if the cybercriminal has connection with the source, he/she can now successfully extract the data. Cybercriminals are using data breach to get a way to perform an information fraud, credit card duplication, theft, identity theft, and other crimes that will be needing a person's personal data. Name, birthdate, identification number, email address, mailing address, credit card and bank account numbers and many other kind of information are being stolen from a source to be used for other crimes. With this, companies - like banks, hospitals, email providers, that are holding personal data - are keeping on reminding their clients to be careful with their data because with the technology today, all data are vulnerable to be leaked and used by other person. Cybercrime Police Internet police is an organization led by government agencies in countries that are in charge with policing internet. With the vast connectivity of the world, the internet police have a great responsibility to keep the internet space a safe space where cybercrime is prevalent. The purpose of the internet police will depend on the country or state which can be fighting a cybercrime, propaganda and censorship In the Philippines, the governme