Sports Sociology Lesson 5 PDF

SPORTS SOCIOLOGY RESURRECCION M. MARCELO, LPT., MPE, Ph.D.   The dictionary defines sociology as the systematic study of society and social interaction  The word sociology is derived from the Latin word socius (companion) and Gree...

SPORTS SOCIOLOGY RESURRECCION M. MARCELO, LPT., MPE, Ph.D.   The dictionary defines sociology as the systematic study of society and social interaction  The word sociology is derived from the Latin word socius (companion) and Greek word logos (speech or reason), which What is means reasoned discourse and companionship. sociology?  Concerned with the study of people groups, institutions, and human activities in terms of social behavior and social order within society. Religion, family, government, education, and leisure are also included  SOCIOLOGY The study of the social worlds that people create, maintain, and change through their relationships with each other  SOCIAL WORLD REFERS TO AN IDENTIFIABLE SPHERE OF EVERYDAY ACTIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS CREATED BY PEOPLE, BUT THEY INVOLVE MUCH MORE THANT INDIVIDUALS DOING THEIR OWN THING FOR THEIR OWN REASONS  GOAL OF SOCIOLOGY TO DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN SOCIAL WORLDS, INCLUDING SOCIETIES.  1. CULTURE  Consist of the shared ways of life and shared understandings that people develop as they live together. Once a culture exists, it influences relationships and social interaction. Key Concepts of 2. SOCIAL INTERACTION Sociology - to understand sports  Consists of people taking each other into as social activities account and in the process, influencing each other’s feeling, thoughts, and actions. Through interaction, we learn to anticipate the thoughts and actions of others and predict how others may respond to what we think and do.  3. SOCIAL STRUCTURE  Consists of the established patterns of relationships and social arrangements Key Concepts of that take shape as people live, work, Sociology - and play with each other. to understand sports as social activities   Sport is one of the most significant and influential social institutions found in societies around the world.  Sports are a major part of people’s lives.  Sports participation provides opportunities Why Do We for intrinsic and extrinsic rewards and is an Study Sports? excellent way to help develop a physically fit body.  The sports world also provides us with opportunities to gain insight on racism, sexism, labor struggles, structured, and so forth.   The institution of sport has become increasingly important and dominant throughout a large portion of the world. To ignore sport is to ignore a significant Sport is aspect of any society and its culture. Pervasive  Most people have a great deal of leisure time which, for many, involves sports – either as a participant, observer, or consumer   Today sports is also considered to be social institution.  Edwards (1973) describes sport as a “secular, quasi- religious institution”.  As a secular institution, sport takes on a Sport as a Social functional, non- religious role in society by Institution upholding and reaffirming basic values and norms found in that culture.  It can serve as the functional equivalent of a religious ceremony that brings a community together under a coherent system of beliefs.   The institution of sport provides an excellent system for analysis by sociologists. Sport as a Social  It is characterized by regulation, Institution formalization, ideological justification and the transmission of characteristics of all social institutions  1. A Ranking System (Stratification). Within all institutions, groups and societies, a hierarchy (a ranking system) exists. This hierarchy is often based on something Four of value. In business, seniority and characteristics of position are valued. In sport, a hierarchy all social exists based on such things as “skilled” institution position, star performers and, to a lesser degree, seniority.  2. Roles and Statuses. One’s role is Four determined by one’s position in the characteristics of hierarchy. Star players are expected to perform at peak levels at all times. all social Secondary players do not experience institution such demands.  3. Social Control (the Ability to Provide Rewards and Levy Punishments/Sanctions). Social control is a mechanism designed to maintain Four conforming behavior. Sport channels characteristics of human actions so that they abide with all social predefined expectations. institution e.g. A coach may have a team rule that if an athlete is late for a team practice, that athlete will not be allowed to start in the game.  4. Rules (Norms and Expectations of Behavior). The need for social control is the result of the large number of rules in sport. All organizations have formal (written) rules as well as informal rules Four (how things are really done). characteristics of e.g. An example of formal rule all social NCAA/UAAP ban on college athletes from institution gambling and taking illegal drugs. In sum, sport has the same characteristics as all other social institutions and is therefore accepted as a social institution in its own right.   The word sport is derived from the Latin root desporto which means “to carry away.”  The term sport has been used through the ages What is Sports? to refer to physical activities that are competitive and organized and that divert people from the everyday business of sustaining life or producing economic gain.  Defining Sport To better understand sport, the sport pyramid contains four elements of human activity – play, game, sport, and work   Play forms the base of the pyramid since it is the physical activity of childhood and continues throughout life in various forms.  Play is free activity involving exploration, self-expression, dreaming, and pretending.  It forms no rules and can take place anywhere.  Other than giving pleasure, the outcome of play is unimportant. THE SPORT PYRAMID   Is an aspect of play that possesses greater structure and is competitive.  Pursue clear participation goals that can be either mental, physical, or a combination of both;  They governed by either informal and formal rules;  They involve competition;  They produce outcomes determined by luck, strategy, skill, or a combination thereof;  They result in prestige or status; THE SPORT PYRAMID  Definition Sports are institutionalized, structured, and sanctioned competitive activities that go beyond the realm of play that involve physical exertion and the use of relatively complex athletic skills. THE SPORT PYRAMID   Purposeful activity that includes physical or mental effort, or both, in order to perform a task, overcome an obstacle, or achieve a desired outcome.  Work appears at the top of the pyramid because sport can take on the characteristics of work at the professional level.  Professional athletes are paid to perform work by training their physical skills to the highest level of competition with other elite athletes. THE SPORT PYRAMID Three major reasons that people seek to learn about sport and physical activity 1. Personal development 2. Scholarly study 3. Professional Practice  UNIVERSAL SPORTS  Are those sports which appear throughout most of the world.  Ex. Running, swimming, throwing, soccer Universal and Regional Sports REGIONAL SPORTS  Are those sports which are not played universally. They may be isolated to specific or regions or specific areas within the society  The world most popular sport in 2024 1. Soccer/Football 6. Table Tennis 2. Cricket 7. Basketball 3. Hockey 8. Baseball 4. Tennis 9. Rugby 5. Volleyball 10. Golf geeksforgeeks.org/most-popular-sports-in-the-world/   THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE AHTLETE OR A PARTICIPATION ATHLETE  Athletes who seek high performance train intensively, compete aggressively, and Spots Participants aspire to a professional career that bring To understand extrinsic rewards, such as money and participation, we must fame. look closely at the characteristics of sport  In contrast, athletes who value participation, their participation are motivated by intrinsic motivation, and the rewards, such as fun and fitness; they use outside factors that sport as form of recreation in order to influence their decision enhance their quality of life, escape from work responsibilities, and socialize with family and friends. CLASSIFICATION OF SPORT PARTICIPANTS  YOUTH SPORT ATHLETES  Typically fall between the ages of four and thirteen  Participation opportunities tend to be community driven, seasonal, and oriented toward team sports. Classification of  Parents encourage their children to play in order Athletes to learn the skills of a particular sport, to socialize with other children, and to engage in physical activity.  HIGH SCHOOL VARSITY ATHLETES  Athletes at this level may participate for reasons similar to those of youth sport athletes, that is, they like to socialize with their peers and want to continue to improve their sport. Classification of  The choice to participate is usually made Athletes by the athlete rather than his or her parents.  Participation can also be motivated by a desire to receive a college athletic scholarship (in one sport or a few sports) or to progress directly into professional  COLLEGE VARSITY ATHLETES  Athletes at this level may participate for reasons similar to those of youth sport athletes, that is, they like to socialize with their peers and want to continue to improve their sport. Classification of  The choice to participate is usually made Athletes by the athlete rather than his or her parents.  Participation can also be motivated by a desire to receive a college athletic scholarship (in one sport or a few sports) or to progress directly into professional  PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES  Professional athletes compete in sport for Classification of extrinsic financial reward, such as salary, Athletes prize, money, and product endorsement.  MASTERS ATHLETES  Although older competitors typically cannot compete with younger competitors who are at the height of their physical prowess, master athletes may be focused on the highest level of Classification of performance for their age group. Athletes  Masters-level competition is staged in categories beginning as young as 35 and ending up as old as (in some sports) 90 or even beyond.  ADULT PARTICIPATION OR RECREATIONAL ATHLETES  Participation athletes spend less time than higher-level athletes in practicing and training for  competition. Since their sport time is limited by work and family commitments, Classification of most Athletes  participation or recreational athletes just play when they can.  Sport can be thought of as specialized or higher order of play and as a kind of game with certain characteristics that set it apart.   Sports sociology varies from PE, kinesiology and exercise science  It focuses on the study of action and physical activity or performance, specifically from a social, psychological and biomechanical perspective (Nixon & Frey, 1996) What is sports sociology  Sports anthropology may be most similar to sport sociology in their focus on patterns of social & cultural behavior in sport.  Sports anthropology give more attention to culture rather than society as basic unit of study.   Concerned with the behavior of individuals and groups within the sport and the rules and processes that exists within the formal and informal design and Definition of makeup of sport. Sports Sociology  The systematic study of the processes, patterns, issues, values, and behaviors found in the institution of sport (Delaney & Madigan, 2015). Salamat By: RMM