Romanesque Architecture PDF Lecture

History of Architecture and Arts- I 2024-2025 Romanesque Architecture Influences Historical Romanesque Architecture could be divided into three periods: o 1st 1000 to 1080 AD. o 2nd 1080 to 1150 AD Rom...

History of Architecture and Arts- I 2024-2025 Romanesque Architecture Influences Historical Romanesque Architecture could be divided into three periods: o 1st 1000 to 1080 AD. o 2nd 1080 to 1150 AD Romanesque Architecture at the best. o 3rd 1150 to 1250 AD, Gothic started in France. Geographical Religious Social The Romanesque Architecture was influenced with: The Roman Architecture: the use of the semi-circle arches, the barrel vaults. The Early Christian & Byzantine Architecture: the design of the churches, the use of the domes, barrel and groin vaults and the use of external buttresses. The Islamic Architecture: the use of the pointed and some other Islamic arches, Ablaq courses, the star and ornamental decoration, and the use of the arabesques. Romanesque architecture is characterized by: Thick walls. Round arches. Sturdy piers. Groin vaults. Large towers. decorative arcading. Portals with sculpture and mouldings. Each building has clearly defined very regular and symmetrical plans. Higher ceilings, large interior spaces for The overall appearance is of simplicity when compared to the Gothic buildings. Murals (A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other large permanent surface) Lecturer: Nouf Albarrak 2024-2025 Features which are regionally diversified Ground plan Facade Position and number of towers Shape of towers Presence and shape of spires Building material Local diversity in decorative details that was dependent on local craftsmen. Structure Elements The walls: massive thickness with few and comparatively small openings. Buttresses: Due to the thick, solid walls of Romanesque architecture, buttresses are less noticeable compared to their importance in Gothic architecture. Romanesque buttresses are typically flat and square in shape. Arches and openings: The arches used in Romanesque architecture are mainly semicircular, for openings: doors and windows. Arcades: An arcade is a series of arches supported by piers or columns. In large churches, it is typically found inside, dividing the nave from the aisles, and it also appears in spacious secular interiors. Lecturer: Nouf Albarrak 2024-2025  Columns and piers Barrel Vault Groin Vault Rib Vault Windows: Small round window (Individuals or two windows combined together) Lecturer: Nouf Albarrak 2024-2025  Towers: Types included: square, circular and octagonal towers. Romanesque architecture examples St-Sternin Basilica, Toulouce, France 1080- 1120 Ad The Latin cross developed fully, with a dome over the crossing of nave and transept, with a tower over the crossing point. Grouping of large geometric masses: rectangles, cubes, cylinders, and half cylinders. Plain exterior surfaces. Exteriors express interior functions. The nave is surrounded by buttresses or colonnades. Large place for circulation of visitors. Durham Cathedral, England. 1093 AD Latin Cross Layout and symmetry Ribbed vaults Buttresses using both traditional and flying buttresses semi-circular arch was used for most of the windows and ornaments on the facades. pointed arch was introduced for important windows and ornaments on the facades and towers. Lecturer: Nouf Albarrak 2024-2025 MONASTERY CHURCH OF CLUNY, BURGUNDY, FRANCE 955- 1121 AD MONASTERY: is a building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows. Romanesque art Colored Romanesque sculpture Judas hangs himself, assisted by devils. Lecturer: Nouf Albarrak 2024-2025