Lecture 4 Literature Review.pdf

LITERATURE REVIEW OBJECTIVES Students will be able to: Demonstrate how to search and identify related literature Critique some the literature related to their chosen research topics Literature Review 2 ...

LITERATURE REVIEW OBJECTIVES Students will be able to: Demonstrate how to search and identify related literature Critique some the literature related to their chosen research topics Literature Review 2  INTRODUCTION CHOOSING A TOPIC This is a critical stage in doing a Research If you fail to think about a topic in a systematic manner;  you will be frustrated,  you will risk running out of time to complete the dissertation on schedule,  it may be difficult to score well against the marking criteria. As this stage is so critical it is important to discuss your shopping list of possible topics with your supervisors/advisors and to use them as a sounding board to help you formulate your proposal. have to make choices of two topics ▪a topic for your conference paper and ▪a topic for the dissertation.  Introduction (1) Theory of one’s own Criteria for Choosing a Research Topic interest (2) Daily problems (3) Technological changes 1.Identification of a Research Topic and (4) Recent trends (5) Unexplored areas Problems (6) Discussion with experts and research supervisor 2.Interest and relevance 3.Durability 4.Breadth of research questions  Too narrow  Too broad  Clear & unambiguous 5.Topic adequacy  Against criteria for marking (1) Significance to the discipline 6. Access (2) Originality  People who can answer your research (3) Feasibility questions (4) Administrative support (5) interesting 7.Micro-politics (6) solvable / Researchable  would selected topic get you into political hot water with those in authority who can LITERATURE REVIEW Literature review is a synthesis of available resources and materials that are closely related to a chosen topic It consists of: Having a topic Identifying related material Providing a description of the materials Critiquing/Comparing the results with each other Literature Review 5  LITERATURE REVIEW - PURPOSE Literature review has a number of purposes: ▪ Helps develop an understanding if relevant previous research ▪ Helps identify/develop theories ▪ Helps redefine research questions and objectives Identifies knowledge gaps ▪ Helps avoid repeating existing work ▪ Helps identify useful methodology techniques Etc… Literature Review 6 THREE PARTS OF LITERATURE REVIEW 1. an introduction or background information section; 2. the body of the review containing the discussion of sources; 3. a conclusion and/or recommendations section to end the paper. Literature Review 7 READ MORE: https://www.crowdwriter.com/blog/types-of-literature-review  STEPS IN CONDUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW The steps involved in literature review can be summarized into five points: i. Identify research topic ii. Identify key search terms iii. Come out with Search String iv. Identify database to search from v. Perform a search to locate relevant material vi. Critically evaluate and select the literature for review vii. Organize and abstract the selected literature viii. Write a literature review Literature Review 9 STEPS IN CONDUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW Steps 1 & 2: Identify Topics and key search terms Example 1: Topic: The impact of diverse software teams. Key Terms/Concepts: Diverse, different, software teams, impact, software group Search String: “Diverse OR different AND software teams OR software group AND impact Literature Review 10  EXAMPLE 1 TOPIC: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AI MODEL AND FRAMEWORK KEY TERMS 1. AI 2. AI Model 3. AI framework 4. Comparison / distinguish / contrast/ differences 5. Artificial Intelligence Model Search String: AI Model OR Artificial Intelligence Model AND AI Framework OR Artificial Intelligence Framework AND Comparison OR distinguish OR contrast OR differences STEPS IN CONDUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW Step 1: Activity Identify the key search terms from your chosen research topic and problem Identify the search string for your topic Literature Review 12  STEPS IN CONDUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW Step 4: Identify the appropriate databases/indexes within which to perform the search Most published research articles are indexed in some form of database. There are both free (e.g., Google Scholar) and licensed(e.g., accessed through your university’s license) databases 1. https://library.ucc.edu.gh/find-materials/databases contains a list of all the databases that UCC has acquired a license. E.g. i. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp ii. https://www.scopus.com/ iii. https://scite.ai/ iv. https://journals.sagepub.com/ v. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uccgh/home.action Use the search feature within the chosen database/index to identify related work Literature Review 13  STEPS IN CONDUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW Step 5: Perform a search to locate relevant material Use the key search items from the previous step to identify related existing literature Sources of literature material can be classified into primary and secondary sources Primary sources are original articles and reports. They are materials through which the original researchers report a research study Secondary sources are usually prepared by someone other than the researcher. E.g., In-depth literature reviews, report summaries Literature Review 14  STEPS IN CONDUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW Step 6: Critically evaluate and select the literature for review A typical search can return 10s – 100s of materials. It is up to the researcher to filter the results Is it a good, accurate source? Not all published research are of high-quality. The rule of thumb is to prefer articles that are peer-reviewed. Is it relevant? Check the topic, research problem Is it accessible? Literature Review 15  STEPS IN CONDUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW Step 4 & 5: Activity Conduct a search on any appropriate database to identify at least 5 relevant research articles Literature Review 16 STEPS IN CONDUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW Step 7: Organize and abstract the selected literature Once the relevant materials are located Read and summarise (abstract) the information The summary (abstract) must contain the following: – Research problem – Research questions or hypotheses – Methodology and data collection methods – Results of the study Organise the literature – Group studies that investigate similar topics together – Can be achieved using a literature map Literature Review 17 STEPS IN CONDUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW Step 8: Write a literature review The last step involves synthesising all the information from the identified related literature The purpose of the written literature review is to reveal the current state of the phenomenon under study. It should provide both a foundation of the research topic as well as identify any inconsistencies in the related research. Literature Review 18 REFERENCES Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students. 8th Edition. Pearson. Cresswell, J.W. (2012). Educational Research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. 4th Edition. Pearson Education. Literature Review 19