Landscape Graphics Lecture #4 PDF

1/1/2024 Landscape Architecture Dr. Muna M Salameh Lecture # 4...

1/1/2024 Landscape Architecture Dr. Muna M Salameh Lecture # 4 Landscape graphics and techniques for drawings Related CLO’s: CLO1 Apply landscape design principles, concepts and schematic design process to complete architectural projects. CLO2 Define social, cultural and aesthetic theories of landscape architecture design. CLO3 Develop problem-solving methodologies and graphic techniques applicable to a variety of landscape architectural projects. CLO4 Investigate basic sustainable and environmental issues related to the contemporary landscape architecture Note that all the landscape graphics in this lecture are from the below references: https://lens.google.com/search?ep=cntpubb&hl=en- US&re=df&s=4&p=AbrfA8oSL_HbCodknAGjbaJXVUrFDcLGum2Vjt9EyXmR- yySnPcDuhbNbrTYVwbXYB1ddfaYoBgUAK3DxtUy3DlviZDwP33Nju5vwPaEGMmEdEgqNWZInFpaziI OLAN-TZa4eSydCbcsXu8mRqZyX9IMYh-iPu-XnFHOWJ94o1cQp5PJYbtNTmKD0- lDUot9uTLsFGrWxYk7sdGtUSLutevG5PjQRhlcuw7j49kR3Jrhs4eJEaWIBusqk8SpGqy6Ibfs4BpuEnjnL Vtjm7frI8T5j8v9WoohtfMwYrPe#lns=W251bGwsbnVsbCxudWxsLG51bGwsbnVsbCxudWxsLG51bG wsIkVrY0tKREkzWlRGbFpqVXpMVEJqTm1ZdE5EaG1ZaTFoTVdSaUxUQTVNRGRsT1RkbE1URXhZUkl mUlhvd05WWm1kSGhNVjAxU05FWXpjRVF5ZGpoaFkzTjFjbXR6WlhwQ1p3PT0iLG51bGwsbnVsbCx bW251bGwsbnVsbCwiMS0wIl0sWyI3MDMyNjZiMi05ZjJhLTRkNDAtOWFmNi1jMTk2NzIxMWE5MDEiX V1d https://www.landscapingnetwork.com/garden-styles/design-sheets.html Dr. Muna M Salameh Landscape Graphics Landscape Graphics are the presentation techniques for landscape design in both a two dimensional and three dimensional formats.  The emphasis is on easy, time saving black and white or colored techniques.  The largest portion of the graphics will deal with the products and techniques applicable to the stage of Design Development. Dr. Mona M Salameh 1  1/1/2024 Dr. Mona M Salameh Landscape Graphics and Symbols When preparing landscape designs in plan view, designers use symbols that offer a suggestion of how the proposed or existing features would appear if seen from above. For preliminary design they are suggestive and for construction plan they indicate the correct size and location. A – Soft scape Plants 1.Trees  Quick Simple Trees are the fastest symbols for deciduous trees and adapt very well to the application of color. You can start with a light circle template and always place a dot in the center.  Foliage Trees are similar to the quick trees but with a texture selected for the foliage and applied around the circle. The direction of the light adds depth to the tree.  Dr. Mona M Salameh 2  1/1/2024 Branch Pattern Tree are good for showing winter effects, layering other symbols underneath, or simply adding contrast to outline the plant symbols.  You can start with five main branches within the circle guideline. Add secondary branches starting at an internal branch and finishing at the guideline. More branches emphasis the edge. Needled Evergreens suggest spiny leaves and rigid growth habits, green all year.  Coniferous Tree starts with a light guideline center point. Place freehand lines from one side to the other directly through the center point. Add more lines from the center to the edge on the shady side. A few thicker lines add character . Dr. Mona M Salameh Broadleaved Evergreens have wider thicker fleshy leaves. Symbols have larger leaf size and semi rigid Dr. Mona M Salameh growth habit 3  1/1/2024 Large deciduous trees symbols  Deciduous Trees lose Evergreen trees leaved during winter and have a central trunk Ornamental trees Dr. Mona M Salameh v Dr. Mona M Salameh 4  1/1/2024 2- Shrubs These can be drawn using smaller replicas of tree symbols. Usually these would be drawn in larger groups. Start with a cluster of light circle template outlines with each circle slightly touching or overlapping. The symbols Used to represent them tend to be more generic. The edge of the symbol is loose and irregular. Dr. Mona M Salameh Broadleaves shrubs (Meadowsweet) Dr. Mona M Salameh 5  1/1/2024 Broadleaves evergreen shrubs (Acuba) and small tree (Mangosteen) Hedges and rows Dr. Mona M Salameh Deciduous shrubs Evergreen shrubs Dr. Mona M Salameh 6  1/1/2024 3- Ground covers Large areas of grass, flowers, and spreading plants may be left untouched. But a total in-fill texture is good. Best results are obtained by keeping the rows horizontal and parallel. Make sure the successive rows touch or overlap slightly. Ground Covers are those plants that fill the planting beneath the trees and shrubs. They are important textural components of the design. Groundcovers Dr. Mona M Salameh (grass) and (verbena) Dr. Mona M Salameh 7  1/1/2024 4- Tropical plants These plants can be bold, coarse, textured foliage. Overlapping foliage gives an appearance of depth. You can use a circle template and some symbols may have an inner circle. Combine thick and thin lines to create interest. Common palm trees have hatch lines to show fronds. Dr. Mona M Salameh 5- Vines Vines grow in linear manner and do not hold a predictable shape Symbols of Vines Grape vines Wall climbing vines Dr. Mona M Salameh 8  1/1/2024 B- Water Dr. Mona M Salameh Dr. Mona M Salameh 9  1/1/2024 C- Hardscape materials Design materials that are not living plant materials such as paving, fencing, wall materials, furnishing, lighting and sometimes water features. LANDFORM / ROCKS Slopes, embankments, mounds, cliffs and other landforms are difficult to show in plan view since they involve vertical changes. Rocks can be depicted as rounded, river-worn boulders, sharp angular rocks, blocky rocks with smooth corners. Rocks look best in groups with some touching and overlapping. It could be an informal stacked rock wall or a plate like layered rocks. Contour lines and stones and rocks symbols Dr. Mona M Salameh PAVING The paving textures are not required to be placed on the entire surface for scales as small as 1:200. Place hints of fine texture in clusters at edges and corners. Fade or fragment the texture towards the middle. At a scale of 1:100 the texture becomes coarser and you can still leave some zones without texture. At a detailed scale of 1:50 you need to show almost every paving element. Even the joints begin to show. 1:200 1:100 Dr. Mona M Salameh 1:50 10  1/1/2024 Decks and Courtyards Dr. Mona M Salameh Freehand Buildings Dr. Mona M Salameh 11  1/1/2024 Dr. Mona M Salameh Dr. Mona M Salameh 12  1/1/2024 D- Movements and circulation symbols Vehicular circulation Barriers Pedestrian circulation Screens Access Points Walls View Direction Noise capture Wind Direction Steep bank Water Movement or edge Movement of any Kind Ecological and landscape edges; cliffs, forest edges, etc Dr. Mona M Salameh E- Scale indicators Scale indicators Dr. Mona M Salameh 13  1/1/2024 F- Orientation arrows Dr. Mona M Salameh G- Colour Techniques for Landscape Design  Adding colour to a landscape design makes a plan come alive!  It also communicates depth, texture and interest to a plan  Helps the viewer to better visualize the finished landscape. The colour wheel Dr. Mona M Salameh 14  1/1/2024 Color theory - The Color Wheel  There are three basic categories of color theory that are logical and useful : The color wheel, color harmony, and the context of how colors are used.  The Color Wheel  A color circle, based on red, yellow and blue, is traditional in the field of art.  Sir Isaac Newton developed the first circular diagram of colors in 1666.  Since then, scientists and artists have studied and designed numerous variations of this concept The color wheel shows how the colors related. 1. Primary colors: In fine arts, there are three primary colors: red, blue, and yellow. They are called primary colors because they cannot be created by mixing other colors. Primary colors for the basis for color theory or color mixing, as using these Dr. Monathree colors it's possible to mix most M Salameh other colors 2- Secondary colors They're located in-between the primary colors to indicate what colors they're made from. Secondary colors are usually more interesting than primary colors, but they do not evoke speed and urgency. Secondary colors are colors produced by combining two of the primary colors in equal amounts. The secondary colors,, are violet, green, and orange. Primary and secondary colors are fundamental colors in the subtractive theory of color. 3- Tertiary colors Tertiary colors are combinations of primary and secondary colors. There are six tertiary colors for example red-orange 4- Analogous Color Scheme ( harmonies) The analogous color scheme uses colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel. One color is used as a dominant color while others are used to enrich the scheme. The analogous scheme is similar to the monochromatic, but offers more gradations. 5- Complementary Color Scheme The complementary color scheme consists of two colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel. This scheme looks best when you place a warm color against a cool color, for example, red versus green. This scheme is intrinsically high contrast. Dr. Mona M Salameh 15  1/1/2024 Colour palette The best method for adding colour is to use a simple colour palette for each project and emphasize only the essential elements within the design, leaving details to the imagination. Overuse of colour may result in a colorful plan that is too busy and detracts from the design itself. While surfaces in the foreground need to be correctly rendered, in the distance. An eraser can become the best tool in eliminating extraneous details and adding highlights. Depending on time and design requirements the palette used may vary from monochrome (Neutral )to complex. The simplest palette is monochromatic, that is, using tints of one color for the entire drawing. Sepia tone is a classic example, although this may create a retrospective appearance. Plan illustrated with sepia tone colors Dr. Mona M Salameh An analogous colour palette uses colours adjacent on the colour wheel. Examples of analogous palettes: Yellow, Yellow-green, Green Green, Blue-green, Blue Blue, Purple, Violet - Yellow-orange, yellow, chartreuse Analogous colour palette This scheme is equally useful in creating Purple, Violet. Red Violet a simple palette for an illustration or a garden design Dr. Mona M Salameh 16  1/1/2024 A plan view using an analogous color palette. Dr. Mona M Salameh Colour palette for landscape design styles Dr. Mona M Salameh 17  1/1/2024 Dr. Mona M Salameh Dr. Mona M Salameh 18  1/1/2024 Dr. Mona M Salameh H- Some Techniques for drawing 1- Plant groups Dr. Mona M Salameh 19  1/1/2024 2- Sequience of drawing plants shades and shadows Dr. Mona M Salameh Dr. Mona M Salameh 20  1/1/2024 Dr. Mona M Salameh Dr. Mona M Salameh 21  1/1/2024 Dr. Mona M Salameh 3- Using numbers with code to indicate the number of plants of the same species Dr. Mona M Salameh 22  1/1/2024 Dr. Mona M Salameh 4- Overlapping symbols and cover grounds beneath when one landscape object passes beneath another, the upper symbol is drawn wider, darker or solid while the object beneath is drawn thinner, lighter or broken line - Line weight variation. Dr. Mona M Salameh 23  1/1/2024 5- Matching the correct elevations for the correct plans ELEVATIONS First draw the outline of the tree. Focus mainly on the form and size. Then add texture that will express the foliage character and repeat it loosely around the outline of the tree. Texture build up can also be used to express the direction of the light. Branching patterns must get thinner towards the edge of the tree and create an interesting sense of realism. Dr. Mona M Salameh 6- Tips for coloring - Work from top to bottom; - Work from dark values to light; - Work from large areas to small; - Work from soft elements to hard; - Color trees before buildings to avoid a hard edge; - Draw repetitive items serially for maximum consistency; - Work from coarse to fine. Dr. Mona M Salameh 24  1/1/2024 7- Steps for coloring : 1. Step 1-Draw symbols First, start with simple linework- whether using pencil or a computer program, start with an appropriately-sized circle for the plant, based on its mature size. 2. Step 2, using a black pen, draw the shape of the plant as seen from above. Remember you're not trying to make it look like an aerial photograph, just make spiky plants look spiky and soft plants look soft. Dr. Mona M Salameh Step 3: start laying down some color. When doing quick rendering on bond paper, start with the lightest colors and work your way to the darker colors. So that you don't go too dark too fast by mistake, apply all the lightest value color for all the plants at once. Dr. Mona M Salameh 25  1/1/2024 Step 4: For most plans, you'll need to do three layers of colour. The next layer will look like this. Dr. Mona M Salameh Step 5: Shade and shadow with colors The final layer really makes the plant looks in 3 D like. Dr. Mona M Salameh 26  1/1/2024 Dr. Mona M Salameh 8- Final draft for the design and the coding system A- Arrows coding system Thought and suggestion draft design, notice the labelling and the confusion it creates Dr. Mona M Salameh 27  1/1/2024 Dr. Mona M Salameh B- List coding system – better choice List coding system Dr. Mona M Salameh 28  1/1/2024 Plant list Dr. Mona M Salameh Dr. Mona M Salameh 29  1/1/2024 Dr. Mona M Salameh 30