Lecture 1 & 2 Introduction to Assistive Technology PDF

Lecture 1 Introduction to assistive technologies Course: Assistive technologies, OCTH479 Ahmed Amer Disability  Disability is seen as a socially constructed phenomenon that results from barriers that are present in the environment.  International Classification of Functioning...

Lecture 1 Introduction to assistive technologies Course: Assistive technologies, OCTH479 Ahmed Amer Disability  Disability is seen as a socially constructed phenomenon that results from barriers that are present in the environment.  International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Impairment (ICF) views disability as the result of an interaction between the person and his environment.  Viewed this way, disability is possible in everyone’s experience.  Disability has significant consequences on m's an individual’s life, for example, lower socioeconomic status, poorer health, lower education, more social isolation, less community participation. Assistive technology (AT)  Technology is a universal part of our everyday lives, which for the most part, makes our daily tasks simpler to do.  WHO defines AT as “any product, instrument, equipment, or technology adapted or specially designed for improving functioning of a disabled person.” occupational performance  AT is one of many opportunities that are necessary to reduce the disabling influence of many environments.  the use of AT to assist users to overcome infrastructure barriers to enable full societal participation and to accomplish activities safely and easily. Difference between Assistive technology and other technologies an in  AT is “individualized and usually follows the person” (Sanford) in contrast to designs that make environments more accessible to individuals with a variety of abilities such as automatic door openers and ramps that stay fixed in a location and are used by many users who come to that particular location.  rehabilitation technologies are used in a clinical setting, such as parallel bars, overhead slings, and tilt tables, and that are primarily used for habilitation or rehabilitation purposes. Principles of AT service delivery  Service delivery is “any service that directly assists an individual with a disability in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive technology (AT) device  Principles: (1) the process is person centered, not AT centered (2) the outcome is enablement of participation in desired activities (3) an evidence-informed process is used for service delivery (4) AT service delivery is provided in an ethical manner, (5) AT services are provided in a sustainable manner. Principles of AT service delivery (1) the process is person centered, not AT centered twiddle 1 is  the outcome is meeting the needs of the user when engaging in relevant activities across necessary contexts.  Using the AT is to meet client needs and not adopted for ATs intended purpose.  Service delivery of the AT should be with input from the user and relevant others. Principles of AT service delivery (2) the outcome is enablement of participation in desired activities  what a person does with a device is important rather than simply providing access to the device.  It is important to understand what a person wants and needs and is expected to do  Is person able to use a device for a particular function sufficiently? Principles of AT service delivery (3) an evidence-informed process is used for service delivery  To provide necessary training and support for initial and ongoing use of the technology  to evaluate adequately the outcome of the technology Principles of AT service delivery (4) AT service delivery is provided in an ethical manner  Mainly based on the principles of beneficence (do only good) and nonmaleficence (do no harm)  the clinician recognizes the client’s autonomy and right to be fully engaged in the clinical or service delivery process.  The clinician acts in a trustworthy and truthful manner, maintaining client confidentiality.  Social justice in this context refers to accessibility of AT services for all who require it. Principles of AT service delivery (5) AT services are provided in a sustainable manner  people who need AT products have access in a timely and continuing manner  ensure that devices obtained are used (i.e., do not end up in a closet, drawer, or the garage) and are used to their maximal potential. THE HUMAN ACTIVITY ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY MODEL (HAAT)  The emphasis of the model is on the person engaged in an activity within chosen environments  any application of the model starts with someone doing something in context and then introduces the AT  This order prevents AT from assuming prime importance with the result that the person adapts to the technology rather than the technology meeting the needs of the person. THE HUMAN ACTIVITY ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY MODEL (HAAT)  Based in the ICF model the AT is recognized as environmental factors  The HAAT is similar to the PEO model with addition the place of the AT. POM AT HAT THE HUMAN ACTIVITY ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY MODEL (HAAT)  AT in the HAAT model is viewed as an enabler for a human doing an activity in context.  The AT as “enabler” support occupational performance and its out put could be cognition, communication, manipulation, or mobility.  Client-centered approaches are primary themes in the application of the HAAT model. Technology that does not meet the client’s needs or expectations will not be useful to support the client’s full potential. Assistive technologies on a continuum  Mmainstream technology for example computer technologies are useful for individuals with a wide range of abilities.  AT produced for individuals with disabilities that are usually used “off the shelf ” with minimal or no modifications necessary  AT that are created for a single individual (or a very small number) that meet very specific needs of that person. Reminder Application of the HAAT model Usability  utility describes how well the device meets its intended function. Usability describes how well the user is able to access the device’s functionality If  five key features of usability: usabil 1. Learnabilty: All functions of the device are easily learned. 2. Efficiency: The user meets the intended goals of device use in a reasonable amount of time with minimal frustration, effort, and frustration. In addition, the device must be simple to use on a regular basis. Application of the HAAT model 1. 3. Memorability: How the device is used can be easily remembered, particularly when a function has not been used over a long period of time 2. 4. Errors: This aspect refers to incorrect actions the user makes or actions that are omitted that limit or prevent a device from functioning as intended. It is important that errors can be recognized, that the effect of an error is minimal, that feedback is given to signal an error is made, and that the user can repair an error made. 3. 5. Satisfaction: The user has a positive experience when using the device, which we interpret as satisfaction with how the device functions as well as the image that the device use conveys to the user Questions?