Java Programming Concepts (Lesson Plan)

**Lesson Proper for Week 7** Completion requirements **Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming**           Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects and classes to structure software development. It focuses on four core principles: encapsulation, inheritanc...

**Lesson Proper for Week 7** Completion requirements **Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming**           Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects and classes to structure software development. It focuses on four core principles: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. 1.      **Principles of OOP** - **Encapsulation**: This involves bundling the data (fields) and methods that [operate on the data within a single unit, called a class]. It allows for data hiding, restricting access to specific details of the object\'s state, making it easier to manage and protect the integrity of the data. - **Inheritance**: Inheritance enables a new class, [known as a subclass], to inherit attributes and methods from an existing class (the superclass). It promotes code reuse and establishes a relationship between parent and child classes. - **Polymorphism**: This allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a [common superclass.] Polymorphism facilitates method overriding and method overloading, providing flexibility and extensibility in code. - **Abstraction**: Abstraction hides complex implementation details and shows only the essential features of the object. It simplifies coding by enabling developers to focus on interactions at a higher level. 2.      **Classes and Objects** - **Classes**: [A class is a blueprint for creating objects]. It defines properties (fields) and behaviors (methods) that the objects created from the class will possess. - **Objects**: An [object is an instance of a class]. It represents a specific example of the class, with its own set of values for the properties defined in the class. 3.      **Constructors and Destructors** - **Constructors**: Special methods used to [initialize new objects]. They set the initial state of the object by assigning values to its fields. - **Destructors**: Methods that are called when an [object is about to be destroyed or deallocated.] While Java has garbage collection to manage memory, other languages might use destructors to handle resource cleanup. 4.      **Method Overloading and Overriding** - **Method Overloading**: Occurs when multiple methods have the same name but differ in parameter type or number within the same class. It allows different functionalities based on input parameters. - **Method Overriding**: Involves redefining a method in a subclass that is already defined in its parent class. It allows the subclass to provide a specific implementation for the method. 5.      **Access Modifiers (public, private, protected)** - **Public**: Members declared as public [are accessible from any other class]. - **Private**: Members declared as private can [only be accessed within the same class]. - **Protected: **Members declared as protected are [accessible within the same package and subclasses.] **Lesson Proper for Week 8** Completion requirements **Java Programming with GUI**           Java provides **graphical user interface** (GUI) capabilities through libraries such as Swing and AWT, allowing developers to build interactive applications. 1. **Introduction to Swing and AWT** - **Swing**: [A Java library for creating lightweight], platform-independent GUIs. It provides components like buttons, text fields, and tables. - **AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit)**: A set of APIs for creating GUIs. Unlike Swing, [AWT components are heavier] because they depend on the underlying operating system. 2. **Creating Basic GUI Components (JFrame, JPanel, JButton, JLabel)** - **JFrame**: A top-level window with a title and border used as the main window of the application. - **JPanel**: A container for organizing other components inside the JFrame. - **JButton**: A button component that can trigger an action when clicked. - **JLabel**: A component for displaying text, images, or both. 3. **Layout Managers** - Layout managers are used to control the positioning and sizing of components in a container. - Examples include **BorderLayout**, **FlowLayout**, **GridLayout**, and **BoxLayout**. 4. **Event Handling in GUI** - Involves responding to user actions such as clicks or key presses. Java uses event listeners to monitor these events and respond accordingly. 5. **Customizing GUI Components** - Customization involves changing properties like color, font, size, and behavior to fit the application\'s theme. **Lesson Proper for Week 9** Completion requirements **Events and Event Handling \ **\ Java\'s event-handling mechanism is crucial for interactive applications, where user actions drive the flow of the program. **1. Understanding Events in Java ** - Events are occurrences such as button clicks, mouse movements, or keyboard actions that the program responds to.  **2. Event Listener Interfaces (ActionListener, MouseListener, KeyListener) ** - These interfaces define methods for handling specific types of events, allowing the application to perform actions based on user input.  **3. Adding Event Listeners to Components ** - Event listeners are added to GUI components (e.g., buttons, text fields) to make them respond to user actions.  **4. Handling Multiple Events ** - A single component can handle different events, such as a button responding to both click and hover events.  **5. Event-Driven Programming Concepts ** - In an event-driven program, the application\'s flow is determined by events triggered by the user or the system, rather than a predefined sequence.  **Lesson Proper for Week 10** Completion requirements **Java Applets** Java applets are small applications embedded within web pages, providing interactive features. 1. **Introduction to Java Applets** - Applets run inside a web browser and provide dynamic content. 2. **Applet Lifecycle (init, start, stop, destroy)** - **init**: Called when the applet is first loaded. - **start**: Called after init, whenever the applet is started. - **stop**: Invoked when the applet is stopped. - **destroy**: Called when the applet is about to be destroyed. 3. **Creating and Running a Basic Applet** - Involves extending the Applet or JApplet class and overriding lifecycle methods. 4. **Applet Communication with HTML** - Applets can interact with web page elements using JavaScript. 5. **Applet vs. Application** - Applets run in browsers, whereas applications run directly on the user\'s machine. **Lesson Proper for Week 11** Completion requirements **Events in Java Applets** Building on Java applets, this week focuses on handling events specific to applets, which include user interactions like mouse clicks, keyboard input, and window focus changes. 1. **Handling Applet-Specific Events** - Applets have specific events such as mouse clicks and key presses that can trigger actions. 2. **Event Handling in Applets** - Using event listeners to capture user interactions and respond accordingly within the applet environment. 3. **Drawing and Painting in Applets** - Applets can use the paint and repaint methods to draw graphics dynamically in response to events. 4. **Interaction with Applet Parameters** - Applets can read parameters passed from the HTML file they are embedded in, allowing for customization based on input. 5. **Applet and Application Interaction** - Techniques for applets to communicate with standalone Java applications or exchange data.   **Advanced Event Handling (This week was missing, so here it is)** This week goes deeper into handling complex event scenarios and advanced techniques. 1. **Inner Classes for Event Handling** - Use inner classes to implement event listener interfaces, leading to cleaner and more organized code. 2. **Anonymous Classes in Event Handling** - Implement event listeners as anonymous classes to reduce boilerplate code. 3. **Lambda Expressions for Event Handling (Java 8+)** - Use lambda expressions to create concise event listeners. 4. **Combining Multiple Event Types** - Handle different event types within a single listener or multiple listeners for a comprehensive user experience. 5. **Custom Event Creation** - Define and use custom events to extend Java\'s event-handling capabilities.