Introduction to History of English Language PDF
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John Jay L. Morido
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Summary
This document provides an overview of the history of the English language, tracing its development from its Indo-European roots to the present day. It covers key periods like Old English, Middle English, and Early Modern English, highlighting influences from Germanic tribes, the Norman invasion, and the Great Vowel Shift. The document also touches on present-day English and comparative linguistics.
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Introduction to History of English Language JOHN JAY L. MORIDO, MA ELL, LPT INSTRUCTOR The Indo- European Family of Language The British Isles EARLY 5TH CENTURY The Romans, who had ruled England for over 400 years withdrew their hold over the island. Hence, there are Germani...
Introduction to History of English Language JOHN JAY L. MORIDO, MA ELL, LPT INSTRUCTOR The Indo- European Family of Language The British Isles EARLY 5TH CENTURY The Romans, who had ruled England for over 400 years withdrew their hold over the island. Hence, there are Germanic Tribes went to England slowly replaced the Celtic and Romano-British cultures. As time goes by, established a cultural identity called Anglo-Saxon. EARLY 5TH CENTURY OLD ENGLISH CAME FROM THE THREE GERMANIC TRIBES: Angles Saxons Jutes OLD ENGLISH/ANGLO-SAXON Beowulf Beowulf Hwæt. We Gardena in TRANSLATED BY FRANCIS B. GUMMERE geardagum, LO, praise of the prowess of people-kings þeodcyninga, þrym gefrunon, of spear-armed Danes, in days long sped, hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon. we have heard, and what honor the athelings Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena won! þreatum, Oft Scyld the Scefing from squadroned foes, monegum mægþum, from many a tribe, the mead-bench tore, meodosetla ofteah, egsode awing the earls. eorlas. OLD ENGLISH/ANGLO-SAXON Simple Words that come from the Old English: OLD WATER ENGLISH/ CHILD EAR ANGLO- TALK SAXON THE OLD The first major influx of the English language was during the Vikings Invasion on the ENGLISH/ 8th Century. ANGLO- Norsemen from Norway and Denmark also invaded the northern part of England and SAXON even setup a kingdom called DANELAW. (8th They spoke Old Norse (ancestor of the modern Scandinavian languages, like Century) Icelandic, Swedish, Norwegian and Danish. OLD ENGLISH/ ANGLO- SAXON Words such as: SKY BAG LAW HIT THEY Were all coming from the OLD NORSE. MIDDLE ENGLISH (1066) The Norman invasion of England in 1066 – with William the Bastard, later called as William the Conqueror. The Battle of Hastings successfully conquered it. MIDDLE ENGLISH (1066) Normans are Old French-speaking people, they brought their language with them during the invasion. It happened that during these days, Old French was the language of court and Old English remained as a language of the peasantry. However, after a 100 of years (1100), it created a new language and that is the Middle English. MIDDLE ENGLISH 30% or 10,000 English words are coming from the Spanish and Old-French, commonly seen in the spheres of law, religion and science MIDDLE ENGLISH Anglo- Saxon Norman French MIDDLE ENGLISH EARLY MODERN ENGLISH GREAT VOWEL SHIFT affect the English language. There are shortening or vowels and other diphthongs. Example: KNIFE – KNEEF (Middle English) K – is not pronounced Ee – becomes /ai/ (diphthong) This has resulted to difficulty in pronouncing words in Modern English. EARLY MODERN ENGLISH Prologue from the Romeo and Juliet PRESENT DAY British people had become colonizers with the goal of expanding their territory. In 19th Century, they cover a quarter of the earth. The rise of the Industrial Revolution transformed English further. PRESENT DAY English today is still evolving as much as it ever was with new words being added in dictionaries every year, as well as words fallen out of use. English Grammar also changing, and it will continue to change so much so that in few hundred years our language will sound just as foreign to the future English speakers. Comparative Linguistics – the study of the relationship or correspondence between two or more languages and techniques used to discover whether the language have common ancestors. Proto-Indo-European Language ❖ 6000 years ago ❖ Spoken in Pontic Steppe in Modern Ukraine and Russia ❖ Indo-European Languages include all the languages historical spoken in Europe, as well as southern and western asia ❖ English more distant relatives are Hindi, Persian and Celtic languages Amazing fact Nearly around 3 Billion people around the world, many of whom cannot understand each other, are nevertheless speaking the same words shaped by 6000 years of History. References Hogg, R. (n.d.) The Cambridge history of the English language. Vol. I: The beginnings to 1066. Baugh, A. (2013). A History of the English Language. Routledge.
