Introduction to CMG's Modelling Workflows PDF

Agenda CMG software CMG Launcher Simulator data organization Builder Sections Applications IMEX Applications Hands on exercises CMG Software CMG Software Introduction to...

Agenda CMG software CMG Launcher Simulator data organization Builder Sections Applications IMEX Applications Hands on exercises CMG Software CMG Software Introduction to Required Prerequisite Recommended Prerequisite Level 1 IMEX/Builder/Results Advanced Introduction Builder/Results to WinProp Introduction CMOST to STARS Level 2 CO2 Sequestration Numerical in GEM CBM in Shale Gas in Tuning GEM GEM SAGD in STARS Level 3 Chemical Flood in STARS Geomechanics in Wellbore CO2 EOR STARS & GEM Modelling CMG Software CMG Software  CMG Software, Simulators Conventional Reservoir life cycles Tertiary SecondaryRecovery Primary Recovery Recovery Natural Pressure Thermal Depletion Maintenance Chemical Gas Immiscible Processes Water Primary Secondary Tertiary Recovery Recovery Recovery CMG Launcher Organize folders and files Submit jobs, simulators Interact with CMG and external applications Access to Users manuals and documents CMG Launcher Section 2: Section 1: FILES CONTAINED IN FOLDERS AND PROJECTS THE FOLDERS 1 2 Section 3: CMG PRODUCTS 3 4 Section 4: SCHEDULER displays information on queued, completed, or running datasets. Simulator Data Organization CMG directory usually Documents stored under C:\Program Files Templates CMG Products Product Version Documentation and Available Versions examples Simulator Data Organization PREPROCESSING FILES Basic file extensions:.dat - Simulator input file that contains all the *DAT *INC information the simulator requires to perform *FHF its flow calculations.inc - Additional input files referred to in the.dat file.fhf - Historical data can be stored in this file type for superimposing on simulated results to aid history matching GENERATED DURING/AFTER THE SIMULATION *OUT *.out - File output by the simulator containing *IRF information on the model in ASCII text *MRF *RSTR.IRF.irf - Header file output for graphical post *LOG processing.mrf - Binary data file containing the simulator results.rstr.irf - Restart File  Simulator Data Organization POST PROCESSING FILES Basic file extensions: *SES *3tp *.ses - Template file for post processing line plots.3tp - Template file for post processing reservoir displays BUILDER, Main Features Eclipse IMEX Black Oil Builder Compositional Use BUILDER to convert Thermal Eclipse to IMEX datasets and Chemical Use BUILDER to CONSTRUCT IMEX, GEM and STARS datasets Use BUILDER to CONVERT IMEX to GEM and STARS  BUILDER, Reservoir Section Builder integrates all the static and dynamic properties to construct a reservoir model. Reservoir section Consider all the aspects related to geological data and reservoir properties Reservoir Structure  Tops, layers and faults Reservoir Properties  Different geological properties such as porosity, permeability and water distribution  BUILDER, Reservoir Section Reservoir structure Cartesian Different types of grids can be created in Builder: Cartesian  Not on regular grid, sparse (e.g. picks at wells) Corner Point Corner point Gridding  Not on regular grid, sparse (e.g. picks at wells) Quick Pattern Grid  Quickly creates available pattern types with properly placed producer and Radial injector Radial  Regular, orthogonal “grid” of data, value at each point, may contain fault lines and well locations  BUILDER, Reservoir Section Reservoir properties Countour map (*.bna) Types of accepted data: Scattered data points  Not on regular grid, sparse (e.g. picks at wells) Contour maps of 2D surface  Sets of connected points forming line with value, may contain faults and well locations Mesh maps of 2D surface Different map types accepted  Regular, orthogonal “grid” of data, value at each point, may contain fault lines and well locations  BUILDER, Reservoir Section Reservoir properties Some geological and geostatistical programs directly create 3D grids: Geological Modelling Software 2D Maps, Petrel, RMS, Gocad EDS - Gocad Roxar - IRAP RMS Grid (unit system) Properties RESCUE Model Simulation output (Binary files) Geological units Schlumberger – Petrel Fault surfaces properties at one or more times Well paths Landmark – Stratamodel Builder Results Earthvision Simulator Builder can import those grids Typically those grids are rescue models Rescue Models can include properties such as porosity, permeability, etc. (*.BIN)  BUILDER, Reservoir Section Reservoir properties Additional sources of data to construct a model: Formula Manager Formulas  Formulae manager is a tool in Builder to generate and assign new properties (E.g. permeability as a function of porosity) Constant values  Some simple models can use an average single value (E.g. core flood model)  BUILDER, Reservoir Section Properties Interpolation and Geostatistics Builder can create more realistic distributions of reservoir properties when interpolation is required Different algorithms/methods are available in Builder (Kriging, Gaussian, etc.)  BUILDER, Reservoir Section Apply multiplier Properties modification to each block value separately Properties in grid cells or Multiple blocks and regions can be modified in rectangles by holding down key Builder Constant property values can be reassigned to the Modification of permeability around the wells for history match model or addition/subtraction/division /multiplication of the original property value can be assigned BUILDER Modeling Faults Scale of Fault  Can it be seen from seismic or well tests?  Does it have significant throw? Implicit Fault  *TRANSI etc i.e. using Transmissibility multiplier of 0 Explicit Fault  Grid cell dislocation Point distributed grids allow most fault traces to be followed exactly Default  All fault connections are sand to sand so transmibility must be specified Can use map files to import Faults BUILDER Modelling Shale Several ways to model extensive shale horizons: Explicit layer of cells  Allows direct modelling of flow and hydrocarbon volume Transmissibility barrier  Quicker modelling of thin horizons Gaps in grid  BUILDER, Reservoir Section Grid refinements Builder can perform refinements in order to improve resolution in saturation distributions This can be useful for well studies of water/gas conning effects Cartesian and hybrid refinements are available W  BUILDER, Reservoir Section Sectors Definition of a sector in Builder Sectors define individual reporting areas in the reservoir Used to quantify changes in production/injection and fluid in place values Sectors in Results Graph Specially useful for pilot tests Reservoir pressure SEC 1 and reservoirs with multiple formations or regions Reservoir pressure SEC 2 Reservoir pressure SEC 2 Simulators generate individual reports per sector  BUILDER, Reservoir Section Quality control on grid and properties Builder automatically remove Pinch-Outs problematic cells PVCUTOFF, CORNER-TOL, PINCHOUT-TOL Manually remove problem cells, NULL Combining and splitting layers Builder can split and combine layers Different methods to calculate the properties of the combined/split layers  BUILDER, Components Section Laboratory Results Limited data Input Input Output of Winprop PVT Correlations Builder can handle two different approaches for PVT modelling: Laboratory Results (Winprop)  Typically include composition and experiments (Differential Liberation, Separator test, etc.) Limited data (Correlations)  Basic information related to gas and oil densities, Saturation Pressure and Reservoir Temperature is required  BUILDER, Components Section “Black-oil” PVT description (IMEX)  Primary depletion  Waterflooding  Immiscible gas injection (solvent model allows pseudo-miscible) EOS PVT description (GEM)  Miscible gas injection (solvents/CO2)  Volatile oil systems  Gas condensate systems K value PVT description (STARS)  Temperature variation  BUILDER, Rock-Fluid Section Relative Permeability curves and different phenomena can be modelled in Builder Multiple rock types Multiple rock types and lithotypes Wettability alteration Capillary pressure Wettability alteration Hysteresis Hysteresis Interpolations between Kr curves Adsorption End-point scaling 3pt scaling  BUILDER, Rock-Fluid Section Three phases models: Stone 1 and 2 Linear interpolation Linear isoperm Adsorption End-point scaling 3pt scaling  BUILDER, Initial Conditions Original conditions in the reservoir are defined in this section Reservoir Pressure at datum depth Position of Water and Gas Oil contacts Initial Conditions, Advanced Options Multiple W-O and G-O contacts and PVT regions Bubble point defined as constant: array: or tables (PBT) Gas Cap Initialization with residual oil saturation Initialization Regions Separate from PVT Regions  BUILDER, Initial Conditions Calculation Methods p re s s u re Pg P cog G a s Ca p VERTICAL DEPTH_AVE Po = P g P o GOC O il Z o n e P cwo Gravity-capillary equilibrium calculations Po = P w W OC W a te r are performed to calculate all grid blocks Pw pressure and saturations (Sw, Sg, So) d e pth USER_INPUT Pressure, water saturation and oil saturation are specified for each grid block. Gas saturations are then determined by subtraction  BUILDER, Wells & Recurrent Typical survey data (Xn,Yn) (X2,Y2) True Vertical Depth (m) (X1,Y1) Wells and Trajectories Well Trajectories Measured Depth (m) Measured data of trajectory can be imported by Builder in different formats Trajectory Well Perforations History of perforated intervals can be added to the trajectory of the wells in Builder Perforations  BUILDER, Wells & Recurrent Production/Injection data Wizard PRODUCTION WIZARD FHF FILES This wizard can import simple DATA BASE production data (Excel) or robust LIQUID/OIL CONSTRAINTS files created on different commercial software (E.g. OFM) Can handle any number of producer/injector wells and historical years Options to average production on a monthly basis, yearly, etc. Can create history files (FHF) to compare simulation results  Builder, Wells & Recurrent Well constraints and well performance Hydraulic table Builder can use fixed constraints for prediction  Liquid rate  Bottom Hole pressure, BHP  Well head pressure, WHP  Alter History Builder can import and handle well models created on commercial software (Prosper, Pipesim, etc)  Builder, Wells & Recurrent Groups WAG process using GROUPS Builder can control production/injection by using GROUPS, some of the options available are: Cycling Groups Voidage Replacement Injection/Production rate per group Pressure Maintenance Pmaint Recycling Option  Builder, Wells & Recurrent Condition Triggers Reservoir Pressure