HOA REVIEWER (egypt only) by leanne.pdf

eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. M1: Egyptian Architecture Part 1 Architectural Character CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES - SIMPLICITY AXIAL PLANNING - MONUMENTA...

eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. M1: Egyptian Architecture Part 1 Architectural Character CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES - SIMPLICITY AXIAL PLANNING - MONUMENTALITY Building are arranged longitudinally due - MASSIVENESS to the importance of hierarchy TRABEATED CONSTRUCTION All monumental buildings are post and EGYPT lintel constructions, with flat roofs constructed of huge stone blocks - Desert land supported by the external walls and the - Land of Pharaoh closely spaced columns BATTERED WALLS A backward slope of the face of the walls GEOGRAPHICAL as it rises HIEROGLYPHICS Exterior and interior walls. as well as the columns and piers, were covered with hieroglyphic and pictorial frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant colors Hieroglyphs were inscribed for decorative purposes as well as to record historic events or spells. In addition, these pictorial frescoes and carving allow us to understand how the Ancient Egyptians lived, statuses, wars that were an ancient civilization of north-east africa fought, and their beliefs Preoccupation with eternity and the NILE RIVER - life blood egypt after life BLACK LAND - the soil on the banks of the nile river CLIMATIC RED LAND – the barren desert DRY AND HOT GEOLOGICAL - SIMPLE due to the brilliant sunshine PRINCIPLE OF CONSTRUCTION - FEW WINDOWS interiors lighted through post and lintel door and roof slits - MASSIVE WALLS provision for heiroglyphics - FLAT ROOF to cover buildings; due to no rain (no downspout. no drainage, & gutter) PRINCIPLE MATERIAL OF DOMESTIC BUILDINGS mud brick RELIGIOUS Ancient Egyptians were preoccupied with PRINCIPLE MATERIAL OF TEMPLES AND eternity and the after life. PYRAMIDS stone EGYPTIAN GODS OTHER MATERIALS USED sun-dried bricks = for other pyramids and temples date palm/palm leaves = roofing acacia = boats THEBAN TRIAD sycamore = mummy cases 1. Amun-ra (chief god) 2. Mut (queen of the gods) xoxo, leanne.  eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. 3. Khonsu (god of moon and time) ROYAL SYMBOLS CARTOUCHE Rope enclosing a royal name thereby serving as PSCHENT the protector of the name Double Crown Head Dress. Represents the kingship of the two lands. Hedjet = Upper Egypt (White) Deshet = Lower Egypt (Red) WAS SCEPTER Symbolizes power and dominion NEMES CROWN SEKHMET Striped head cloth worn by the king in Symbolizes power and control representations like the sphinx or falcon SUN DISK Represents warmth, light, and growth ANKH Symbolizes life, health, and strength 1. clutched by gods 2. giving the ankh to the queen 3. god holding the ankh to the mouth or SCARAB nose of the nobility Symbolizes ressurection and rebirth BOAT OF RA’A FEATHER OF MA’AT Earn a place in Ra’s boat by having a light heart Represents justice, truth, morality, and balance the heart of the deceased is weighed against the feather of ma’at CROOK AND FLAIL EYE OF HORUS Symbol of royalty, kingship, dominion, and Symbolizes protection and royal power government xoxo, leanne.  eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. developed the rock-cut tomb SENUSRET (I) URAEUS/COBRA erected the earliest known OBELISK at Symbolizes royal protection HELIOPOLIS IBIS AMENEMHAT (I) erected the: Symbolizes reincarnation GREAT TEMPLE OF AMUN, KARNAK (considered as the greatest of all Egyptian temples. IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES + STRUCTURES IMHOTEP architect of the: STEP PYRAMID OF DJOSER HATSHEPSUT erected her funerary temple at DEIR EL-BAHARI TEMPLE OF HATSHEPSUT, DEIR EL- BAHARI SAQQARA COMPLEX MENTUHOTEP II xoxo, leanne.  eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. THUTMOSE I RAMESSES II added structures of the GREAT TEMPLEOF AMUN, KARNAK the earliest part of the temples still in completed the construction of the GREAT existence HYPOSTYLE HALL, KANAK. erected the: ROCK TEMPLE AT ABU SIMBEL THUTMOSE IV cleared away the sand from the GREAT SPHINX RAMESSEUM AT THEBES NEW KINGDOM SETI I began the construction of: GREAT HYPOSTYLE HALL, KARNAK xoxo, leanne.  eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. M1: Egyptian Architecture Part 2 – EXAMPLES OF MASTABA Egyptian Structures RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES MASTABA (arabic word = bench mud) - a tomb for nobility - tomb houses that were made to take the body at full-lenght MASTABA OF THI, SAQQARA - shaft leads to underground burial and offering chambers - PORTICULLIS heavy stone slabs sealing the burial chambers SPECIFICATIONS: material = mud plan = rectangular roof = flat walls = battered MASTABAT AL-FIR’AUN PYRAMIDS - evolved from the mastaba - a massive masonry structure SPECIFICATIONS: material = stone plan = rectangular base walls = four smooth/ steeply sides meeting at an apex orientation = sides facing cardinal points PARTS OF A MASTABA TYPES OF PYRAMIDS: 1. stone facing o STEP PYRAMID 2. outer chamber/sacrificial chapel predating the true pyramids. 3. serdab sides are stepped with tiers 4. earth fill ex. 5. shaft 6. masonry seal 7. porticullis/stone slab 8. burial chamber 9. sarcophagus MAJOR SPACES o OUTER CHAMBER/SACRIFICIAL STEP PYRAMID OF DJOSER CHAPEL architect Imhotep. began as a Mastaba. World’s first large- where offerings were placed scale monument in stone. 245ft o SERDAB tall with 7 steps a small chamber inside the mastaba o BENT PYRAMID aka containing the statues of the BLUNT/FALSE/ RHOMBOIDAL deceased pyramid with 2 degrees of o BURIAL CHAMBER inclination ex. a chamber containing the sarcophagus reached by and underground shaft o STELE is the upright stone slab containing the name of the dead BENT PYRAMID OF SNEFERU (DASHUR) the ground collapsed during construction. to save the xoxo, leanne.  eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. architects changed the slope one adjoining a pyramid or a rock- from 52 – 43.5 degrees cut tomb 2. PYRAMID TEMPLE; a mortuary o TRUE/SLOPED PYRAMID temple connected specifically to a four smooth, sloping triangular pyramid sides with a fixed angle 3. PYRAMID CAUSEWAY; a covered ex. ceremonial route or corridor leading from a valley temple to a mortuary temple at the foot of a pyramid 4. VALLEY TEMPLE; a temple pavilion connected via a covered causeway to a mortuary temple at the foot of a pyramid. used for preparing the pharaoh for his/her final journey NORTH PYRAMID OF DASHUR aka RED PYRAMID built by King Sneferu. first ever true/sloped pyramid built GREAT PYRAMID COMPLEX aka GIZA NECROPOLIS PYRAMID OF KHUFU/CHEOPS (GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA) pharaoh: Khufu architect: hemiunu/hemnon oldest and largest in the Giza Complex. oldest of the Seven Ancient Wonders’ f the World. equated to the size of St.Peter’s, Rome PYRAMID OF KHAFRE/CHEPHREN the ceremonial area of buildings and pharaoh: Khafre structures surrounding an ancient guarded by the Sphinx Egyptian pyramid PYRAMID OF MYKERINOS/MENKAURE PARTS OF THE NECROPOLIS smallest and last pyramid to be built 1. MORTUARY TEMPLE aka funerary temple; a place of worship for a deceased king or queen especially xoxo, leanne. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. eimaigoiteia. xoxo, leanne.