HISTORY-OF-MEDTECH-AND-RA-5527.pdf

HISTORY OF MEDTECH AND R.A 5527 Viktor Joshua S. Alamillo, RMT PAGE 1  TO LEARN THE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES TO BE FAMILIAR OF THE RULES THAT GUIDE THE PROFESSION LEARNING TO UNDERSTAND THE...

HISTORY OF MEDTECH AND R.A 5527 Viktor Joshua S. Alamillo, RMT PAGE 1  TO LEARN THE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES TO BE FAMILIAR OF THE RULES THAT GUIDE THE PROFESSION LEARNING TO UNDERSTAND THE BACKBONE OF OBJECTIVE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION TO KNOW THE REQUIREMENTS NEEDED TO PASS THE COURSE TO LEARN THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PROFESSION PAGE 2 WHAT IS?  Medical Technology also known as Clinical Laboratory Science  Purpose is to collect, receipt, prepare, investigate, and process laboratory samples of human MEDICAL biological material. TECHNOLOGY  Aid patient diagnosis, management and treatment and for the maintenance of health and well being PAGE 3 WHAT IS?  A branch of laboratory medicine MEDICAL which deals with diagnostic and TECHNOLOGY therapeutic applications of science and technology PAGE 4  HISTORICAL MILESTONE YEAR PERSON CONTRIBUTION 460 BC – 370 BC HIPPOCRATES Father of medicine Hippocratic oath – code of ethics of practicing physician Described four “humors” or body fluids in man 1550 BC Vivian Herrick, MT Traces beginning of MT Parasites (Taenia and Ascaris) were mentioned in early writings Ebers Papyrus-book of treatment of disease - contains description of three stages of Hookworm infection 1096-1438 Ruth Williams, MT Believed MT began in the Medieval Period by the fact that urinalysis was a fad Early Hindu Doctors Scientific observation-urine of certain individual attracts ant, and it has a sweetish taste First Part PAGE 5 Second Part Third Part RA 5527  HISTORICAL MILESTONE YEAR PERSON CONTRIBUTION Early Hindu Doctors 600 BC-Hindu Physician recorded sweet taste of diabetic urine 1674-urine in diabetes had a similar taste to honey Quacks Reaping fortunes by diagnosing disease by the appearance of urine 14th century Anne Fagelson Prefers to date MT from 14th century Mondino de’ Liuzzi (University of Bologna) hired Allesandra Gilliani to perform task, which is now under the domain of MT profession 1492 Pope Innocent VIII First unlucky recipient of blood transfusion Transfusion of blood form three through the mouth was done at the suggestion of a physician 1578-1657 William Harvey Discovered blood circulation. The start of blood transfusion First Part PAGE 6 Second Part Third Part RA 5527  HISTORICAL MILESTONE YEAR PERSON CONTRIBUTION 1631-1691 Richard Lower First physician to perform direct transfusion of blood (animal to animal) 1643-1704 Jean-Baptiste Denys First documented transfusion of blood (animal to human) 1829 James Bundell Successful transfusion of blood (human to human) 1590 Zacharias Jansen First crude compound model microscope 1632-1723 Anton van Invented and improved compound microscope Leeuwenhoek First to describe RBC, to see protozoa, classify bacteria according to shape Father of Microbiology 1628-1694 Marcello Malpighi Greatest of the early microscopist Founder of Pathology 1798 Edward Jenner Cross-immunity of small pox and cow pox First Part PAGE 7 Second Part Third Part RA 5527  HISTORICAL MILESTONE YEAR PERSON CONTRIBUTION 19th century Production of Aniline Dyes 1817-1886 Jules Duboscq Developed the first colorimeter based on Beer’s law (1854) 1902 introduced in the laboratory 1827-1912 Joseph Lister Pioneer aseptic surgery Father of Modern Surgery 1847-1925 Hermann Fehling First quantitative test for urine sugar 1885 Ferran First cholera vaccine 1880-1882 Louis Pasteur First attenuated vaccine Develops anthrax vaccine Develops rabies vaccine First Part PAGE 8 Second Part Third Part RA 5527 HISTORICAL MILESTONE YEAR PERSON CONTRIBUTION 1890 Emil von Behring Discovers antitoxin and develops it to tetanus and diphtheria vaccines 1900 Karl Landsteiner First distinguished ABO blood group system Blood typing 1928 Alexander Flemming Discovered penicillin First Part PAGE 9 Second Part Third Part RA 5527 HISTORY (US) TIME PERSON CONTRIBUTION 1884 Dr. Silas Douglas First Laboratory instruction University of Michigan-first laboratory (chemical laboratory) 1878 Dr. William Welch First laboratory course 1896 Dr. William Osler First clinical laboratory was opened in John Hopkins Hospital Clinical laboratory opened in University of Pennsylvania in 1896 (William Pepper Laboratory) 1908 Dr. James C. Todd Wrote “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis”. The book was retitled “Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods” Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods Second Part PAGE 10 First Part Third Part RA 5527  HISTORY (Ph) § At the end of the World War II, Medical Technology was introduced by the 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US Army § They established the first clinical laboratory at Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila, where the Manila Public Health Laboratory is located Third Part PAGE 11 First Part Second Part RA 5527 HISTORY (Ph) TIME PERSON CONTRIBUTION June 1943 US Army left, and endorsed the laboratory to National Department of Health, but rendered the laboratory nonfunctional for some time February 1944 Offered laboratory training programs to high school graduates October 1, 1945 Dr. Alfredo Pio de Organized the Manila Public Health Laboratory Roda Assisted by Dr. Mariano Icasiano 1947 Dr.Pio de Roda and Dr. Revised the training for high school graduate. No definite period Prudencia Sta. Ana of training and no certificate was given 1953 Mrs. Willa Hilgert Founder of Med. Tech. education in the Philippines Hedrick Americal Seventh Day Adventist missionary to the Philippines and married to Dr. Hedrick, the first Medical Internist of the Manila Sanitarium and Hospital (now Manila Adventist Medical Center Third Part PAGE 12 First Part Second Part RA 5527 HISTORY (Ph) TIME PERSON CONTRIBUTION 1954 Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana Six-month long training with certificate was given to trainees 1954 Philppine Union Offered the first four-year B.S. Degree in Medical Technology College with Manila Sanitarium 1956 Mr. Jesse Umali First graduate from Philippine Union College 1957 Dr. Gustavo Reyes and Offered MT as an elective subject to 4th and 5th year of BS Dr. Antonio Gabriel Pharmacy Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez decided to offer it as a course June 17, 1957 UST Temporary permit was issued by DepEd for first year to third year students June 1960 UST Permit for internship program was issued June 14,1961 UST Full recognition of the 4-year BS Med Tech was given Third Part PAGE 13 First Part Second Part RA 5527 HISTORY (Ph) TIME PERSON CONTRIBUTION 1960 CEU Through the efforts Mrs. Purificacion Sunico-Suaco, with the approval of University President Carmen de Luna, worked on the feasibility of offering Med Tech in the university First graduates were in 1962 1961 FEU First offered BS Med Tech under College of Medicine Initiated by Dr. Horacio A. Ylagan and Dr. Serafin J. Juliano School of Med Tech was finally opened in 1962 under the joint auspices of the Institute of Medicine (NRMF) and Institute of Arts and Science First graduates in 1963 UP-Manila Offered similar course but the degree conferred is BS Public Health Third Part PAGE 14 First Part Second Part RA 5527  SECTION I : TITLE § “Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969” RA 5527 § An act requiring the registration of Medical Technologists, defining their practice and other purposes. § Approved: June 21, 1969 § Signed: Former President Ferdinand E. Marcos (August 4, 1969) RA 5527 PAGE 15 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION II : Definition of Terms RA 5527 RA 5527 PAGE 16 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION III : Council of Medical Technology Education, Its Composition § There is hereby established a Council of Medical Technology Education, hereafter referred to as Council, which shall be composed of the Secretary of Education or Director of RA 5527 Private Education as Chairman, the Director of the Bureau of Research and Laboratories of the Department of Health as Vice-Chairman, and the Chairman and two members of the Board of Medical Technology, the dean of the Institute of Hygiene of the University of the Philippines, a representative of the deans or heads of the private schools of medical technology, and the presidents of the Philippine Association of Medical Technologists and the Philippine Society of Pathologists, as members. RA 5527 PAGE 17 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION IV : Compensation and Travelling Expenses of Council Members § The chairman and members of the Council shall be entitled to a twenty-five pesos per diem for every meeting actually RA 5527 attended: Provided, That the number of meetings authorized with a per diem shall not exceed two in a month: And Provided, further, that officials receiving regular salaries from the Government shall not receive per diem. In addition the chairman and members of the council shall be entitled to traveling expenses in connection with their official duties. RA 5527 PAGE 18 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION V : Functions of the Council of Medical Technology Education a. To recommend the minimum required curriculum for the course of medical technology b. To determine and prescribe the number of students to be allowed to take up the medical technology course in each school, taking into account the student-instructor ratio and the availability of facilities for instruction. c. To approve medical technology schools meeting the requirements and recommend closure of § those found to be substandard. d. To require all medical technology schools to submit an annual report on or before June, inc luding: RA 5527 o total number of students and instructors o facilities available for instruction, o recent graduates o new admissions e. To inspect, when necessary, the different medical technology schools in the country in order to determine whether a high standard of education is maintained in said institutions. f. To certify for admission in to an undergraduate internship: o Students who have satisfactorily completed three years of the medical technology § course, or its equivalent o to collect from said student the amount of 5 pesos each § money accrue to the operating fund of the Council. d. Formulate and recommend approval of refresher course for applicants who shall have failed the Board Examination for the third time. e. To promulgate and prescribe and enforce necessary rules and regulations for the proper implementation of the foregoing functions. RA 5527 PAGE 19 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION VI : Minimum Required Course  At least 4 years, including a 12-month satisfactory internship in accredited laboratories  The Council can change, remove from, or add to the subjects § o To be approved by the Secretary of Education RA 5527 RA 5527 PAGE 20 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION VII : Board of examiners § There is hereby created a Board of Examiners for Medical Technology which shall hereafter be referred to as the Board composed of a chairman who is a pathologist appointed by the President of the Philippines from a list submitted by the Philippine Society of Pathologists and two members who are registered medical technologists appointed by the President of the Philippines from among a list submitted by the Philippine Association of Medical Technologists each one to serve a term of three RA 5527 years: Provided, board to be created one member who shall act as chairman shall serve for three years, one member for two years and the third member for one year: And provided, further, that the first members of the Board of Examiners for Medical Technology shall be issued a certificate of registration as Medical Technologist without prior examination in accordance with the provisions of this Act. No member shall be allowed more than one reappointment. The President of the Philippines shall fill the vacancy that may occur but the appointee shall serve only the unexpired term of the incapacitated member. RA 5527 PAGE 21 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION VIII : Qualification of Examiners No person shall be appointed a member of the Board of Examiners for Medical Technology unless he or she (1) is a Filipino citizen (2) is of good moral character (3) is a qualified pathologist or duly registered medical technologist of the Philippines with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Bachelor of RA 5527 Science in Hygiene (4) has been in the practice of laboratory medicine or medical technology for at least ten years prior to his appointment (5) is not a member of the faculty of any medical technology school, or have any pecuniary interest, direct or indirect, in such institution: Provided, however, That for the first three years following the approval of this Act, the requirement mentioned in number four (4) shall be reduced to five years. RA 5527 PAGE 22 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION X : Compensation of Members of the Board of Examiners for Medical Technology  Each member of the Board shall receive a sum of: RA 5527 o 10 pesos/ applicant examined o 5 pesos/ applicant granted a certificate or registration without examination RA 5527 PAGE 23 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XI : Functions and Duties of the Board The Board is vested with authority and required, conformably with the provisions of this Act, to: (a) Administer the provisions of this Act; (b) Administer oaths in connection with the administration of this Act; (c) Issue, suspend and revoke certificates of registration for the practice of medical technology; (d) Look into conditions affecting the practice of medical technology in the RA 5527 Philippines and, whenever necessary, adopt such measures as may be deemed proper for the maintenance of good ethics and standards in the practice of medical technology; (e) Investigate such violations of this Act or of the rules and regulations issued thereunder as may come to the knowledge of the Board and, for this purpose issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum to secure appearance of witnesses and production of documents in connection with charges presented to the Board; and (f) Draft such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act: Provided, That the same shall be issued only after the approval of the President of the Philippines. RA 5527 PAGE 24 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XII : Removal of Board Members  Any member of the Board may be removed by the President of the Philippines, after having been § given the opportunity to defend himself (administrative investigation), for: RA 5527 o Neglect of duty o Incompetency o Malpractice o Unprofessional, unethical, immoral, or dishonorable conduct o Death o Disability  During investigation, the President can suspend the member under investigation and appoint a temporary member in his place. RA 5527 PAGE 25 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XIII : Accreditation of Schools of Medical Technology and of Training Laboratories § Department of Education shall approve schools of medical technology in accordance with the provisions of this Act. The Department of Health or its authorized agency shall upon recommendation of the Council of Medical Technology Education approve laboratories for accreditation RA 5527 as training laboratories for Medical Technology students or postgraduate trainees upon satisfactory evidence that said laboratories possess qualified personnel and are properly equipped to carry out laboratory procedures commonly required in the following fields: bacteriology, serology, parasitology, hematology, and biochemistry, and that the scope of activities of said laboratory offer sufficient training in said laboratory procedures. RA 5527 PAGE 26 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XIV : Inhibition Against the Practice of Medical Technology No person shall practice or offer to practice medical technology as denned in this Act without having previously obtained a valid certificate of registration from the Board provided that registration shall not be required of the following: RA 5527 (a) Duly registered physicians. (b) Medical technologists from other countries, called in for consultation or as visiting or exchange professors to colleges or universities: Provided, That they are only practicing the said function. (c) Medical technologists in the service of the United States Armed Forces stationed in the Philippines rendering services as such for members of the said forces only. RA 5527 PAGE 27 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XV : Examination Except as otherwise specifically allowed under the provisions of this Act, all applicants for registration as medical technologists shall be required to undergo a written RA 5527 examination which shall be given by the Board annually in the greater Manila area, Cebu and Davao during the month of August or September on such days and places as the Board may designate. Written notices of such examination shall be published in at least three newspapers of national circulation by the Secretary of the Board at least thirty days prior to the date of examination. RA 5527 PAGE 28 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XVI : Qualification of Examination Every applicant for examination under this Act, shall, prior to the date thereof, furnish the Board satisfactory proof that he or she: (a) Is in good health and is of good moral character; RA 5527 (b) Has completed a course of at least four years leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology or Bachelor of Science in Hygiene conferred by a recognized school, college or university in accordance with this Act and all other persons having graduated from other paramedical professions who are actually performing medical technology for the last five years prior to the enactment of this Act provided they meet the minimum requirements mentioned in Section Six except the one year undergraduate internship or practical training. RA 5527 PAGE 29 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XVII : Scope of Examination The examination question shall cover the following subjects with their respective relative weights: RA 5527 The Board shall prepare the schedule of subjects for examination and to submit the same to the Commissioner of Civil Service for publication at least four months before the date of examination. The Board shall compute the general average of each examinee according to the above-mentioned relative weights of the subjects: Provided, however, That the Board may change, add to or remove from the list of subjects or weights above, as progress in the science of medical technology may require, subject to the prior approval of the Council. RA 5527 PAGE 30 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XVIII : Report of Rating RA 5527 The Board shall, within one hundred and twenty days after the date of completion of the examination, report the result thereof to the Commissioner of Civil Service, who shall submit such result to the President of the Philippines for approval RA 5527 PAGE 31 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XIX : Ratings in the Examination In order to pass the examination, a candidate must obtain a general average of at least seventy-five per cent in the written test, with no rating below fifty per cent in any of the major subjects: Provided, That the candidate has not failed in at least sixty per cent of the subjects computed according to their RA 5527 relative weights. No further examination will be given an applicant who has not qualified after three examinations, unless and until he shall have completed 12 months refresher course in an accredited medical technology school or 12- month postgraduate training in an accredited laboratory: Provided, That graduate of paramedical professions other than Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Bachelor of Science in Hygiene admitted to an examination under the provisions of this Act shall not be given further examinations after his failure to qualify for the third time. RA 5527 PAGE 32 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XX : Oath Taking RA 5527 All successful examinees shall be required to take a professional oath before the Board or before any person authorized to administer oaths prior to entering upon the practice of medical technology in the Philippines. RA 5527 PAGE 33 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXI : Issuance of Certificate of Registration Every applicant who has satisfactorily passed the required examination, shall be issued a certificate of registration as Medical Technologist: Provided, That no such certificate shall be issued to any successful applicant who has not attained the age of twenty-one years. All certificates shall be signed by all the members of the Board and attested by its Secretary. The duly registered medical technologist shall be required to display his certificate of registration in the place where he works. Upon application filed after the approval of this Act not later than RA 5527 ninety days after the Board shall have been fully constituted, the Board shall issue a certificate of registration without examination to persons who have been graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Hygiene and/or Bachelor of Science in Medical. Technology in duly recognized schools of medical technology in the Philippines or foreign countries who have been in the practice of medical technology for at least three years at the time of the passage of this Act in laboratories in the Philippines or in foreign countries duly accredited by the Bureau of Research and Laboratories, Department of Health, and also to all other persons having graduated from other paramedical professions who are already civil service eligible by authority of the other Boards of profession and who are actually performing medical technology practice for the last five years prior to the enactment of this Act. RA 5527 PAGE 34 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXII : Fees The Board shall charge each applicant for examination and registration the sum of fifty pesos and for each certificate of registration issued without prior examination in accordance RA 5527 with the provisions of this Act the sum of twenty-five pesos; for issuance of a new certificate to replace certificate lost, destroyed or mutilated, the Board shall charge the sum of ten pesos. All such fees shall be paid to the disbursing officer of the Civil Service Commission who shall pay from the receipts thereof, all authorized expenses of the Board including the compensation of each member. RA 5527 PAGE 35 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXIII : Refusal to issue certificate  The Board shall refuse to issue a certificate of registration to any person convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any criminal offense involving moral RA 5527 turpitude, or any person guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct, or of unsound mind, or incurable communicable disease, and in such case shall give to the applicant a written statement setting forth the reason for its action, which statement shall be incorporated in the record of the Board. RA 5527 PAGE 36 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXIV : Administrative Investigation-Revocation or Suspension of Certificates  Revocation or Suspension of Certificates for: o Causes enumerated in Section 29 o Unprofessional conduct, malpractice, incompetency, serious ignorance, gross negligence  Investigation conducted by: o At least 2 members of the Board o 1 legal officer RA 5527  Respondents are entitled to: o be represented by counsel or be heard in person o speedy and public hearing o confront and cross-examine witnesses against him/her o all other rights guaranteed by the constitution  Surrender his COR (for suspended and revoked) within 30 days § SANC TIONS: 1. Penalty/Reprimand – majority vote (2/3) 2. Suspension – majority vote (2/3)  Not more than 2 years  Run from the date of the surrender 3. Revocation – unanimous vote (3/3) RA 5527 PAGE 37 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXV : Appeal  The revocation or suspension of a certificate made by the RA 5527 Board shall be subject to appeal to the Civil Service Commissioner whose decision shall become final thirty days after its promulgation, unless the respondent within the same period has appealed to the office of the President of the Philippines. RA 5527 PAGE 38 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXVI : Reinstatement, Reissue or Replacement of Certificate The Board may, upon application and for reason deemed proper and sufficient, reissue any revoked registration RA 5527 certificate. The suspension of a certificate of , registration shall be automatically lifted upon the expiration of the period of suspension and said certificate shall be re-issued to the medical technologist concerned upon request without prejudice to further actions by the Board for violation of the provisions of this Act or conditions imposed by the Board upon the medical technologist during the period of suspension. RA 5527 PAGE 39 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXVII : Foreign Reciprocity No foreigner shall be admitted to examination, or be given a RA 5527 certificate of registration or be entitled to any of the rights and privileges under this Act, unless the country or state of which he is a subject or a citizen permits Filipino Medical Technologists to practice within territorial limits on the same basis as the subjects or citizens of said country or state. RA 5527 PAGE 40 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXVIII : Roster of Medical Technologists  Prepared annually by the Secretary of the Board  CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING: Name, Address, Citizenship, Date of registration/ Issuance of certificate, and other data which in the opinion of the Board are pertinent RA 5527  open to public inspection o copies shall be mailed to each person included in the roster o placed on file in the Office of the President o Furnished all Department Heads and all Bureau o Offices and instrumentalities of the DOH o Other offices (private/governmental) o To the public upon request RA 5527 PAGE 41 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXIX : Penal Provisions Without prejudice to the provision of the Medical Act of 1959 as amended relating to illegal practice of Medicine, the following shall be punished by a fine of not less than two thousand pesos nor more than five thousand pesos, or imprisonment for not less than six months nor more than two years, or both, in the discretion of the court: (a) Any person who shall practice Medical Technology in the Philippines without being registered or exempted from registration in accordance with the provisions of this Act; (b) Any medical technologist, even if duly registered, who shall practice medical technology in the Philippines without the necessary supervision, of a qualified pathologist or physician authorized by the Department of Health; (c) Any medical technologist who shall knowingly make a fraudulent laboratory report; (d) Any duly registered medical technologist who shall refuse or fail, after due warning by the Board to display his certificate of registration in the place where he works; RA 5527 (e) Any person presenting or attempting to use as his own, the certificate of registration of another; (f) Any person who shall give any false or fraudulent evidence of any kind to the Board or any member thereof in obtaining a certificate of registration as Medical Technologist ; (g) Any person who shall impersonate any registrant of like or the same name; (h) Any person who shall attempt to use a revoked or suspended certificate of registration; (i) Any person who shall in connection with his name or otherwise, assume, use or advertise any title or description tending to convey the impression that he is a Medical Technologist without holding a valid certificate of regis-tration ; (j) Any person who shall violate any provision of this Act; or (k) Any person or corporate body who shall violate the rules and regulations of Board or orders promulgated by it after having been duly approved and issued by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation of the Commissioner of Civil Service for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act. RA 5527 PAGE 42 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXX : Separability Clause RA 5527 If any provision of this Act or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance is declared invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this Act or of the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected by such declaration. RA 5527 PAGE 43 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXXI : Repealing Clause All Acts, executive or-ders, rules and regulations, or parts RA 5527 thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed: Provided, however, That nothing in this Act shall be construed as repealing or amending any portion of the Medical Act of 1959 (R.A. 2382, as amended by R.A. 4224), the Clinical Laboratory Act of 1966 (R.A. 4688), and the Blood Bank-ing Law of 1956 (R.A. 1517). RA 5527 PAGE 44 First Part Second Part Third Part  SECTION XXXII : Effectivity RA 5527 This Act shall take effect upon its approval RA 5527 PAGE 45 First Part Second Part Third Part Thank you for “The successful man will profit from the mistakes and try listening! again in a different way.” -Dan Carnegie PAGE 46