Hildegard Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory PDF

HILDEGARD PEPLAU'S INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS THEORY ROUISA JANE CALOPE MASTERAND OVERVIEW Hidegard E. Peplau (1909-1999) -known as the “Mother of Psychiatric Nursing”, “Nurse of the Century.” -first published nursing theorist in the century, since Nigthingale -created the nursing middle-r...

HILDEGARD PEPLAU'S INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS THEORY ROUISA JANE CALOPE MASTERAND OVERVIEW Hidegard E. Peplau (1909-1999) -known as the “Mother of Psychiatric Nursing”, “Nurse of the Century.” -first published nursing theorist in the century, since Nigthingale -created the nursing middle-range theory of Interpersonal Relations -revolutionize the scholary work of nurses -contributor to mental health laws/reform (Tomey & Alligood, 2006; O’Toole,1989) HILDEGARD E. PEPLAU She was born on September 1 , 1909 in Reading, Pennsylvania. She was number two of six children from immigrants parents from Germany. After World War I ended in 1918, the Flu Pandemic greatly impacted her understanding on illness and death in families. Schools were controlled by hospitals, formal learning was discouraged. Physicians and hospitals saw nurses as free labor or low wage labor. Nursing practice was controlled by medicine. EDUCATION In 1931-Pottstown Hospital School of Nursing After Nursing school she earned her Bachelor Degree in Interpersonal Psychology from Bennington College in 1943. Later , in 1947 she earned a Master in Psychiatric Nursing from Teachers College, Colombia University. In 1953, Ed. D. Nursing Education second graduate degree and curriculum developed from Columbia University. She received many honorary degrees WORK HISTORY In the beginning of her career she worked as a staff nurse in Pennsylvania and New York City. She held a position of Executive Director and President of the American Nurses Association and The National Institute of Mental Health She served as an Consultant for World Health Organization. She developed the first Graduate Program for clinical Specialist in Psychiatry. In 1943-1945 she served in the Army Nurse Corps World War II and assigned to an Hospital in England.  INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS THEORY A Middle-Range Nursing Theory Analysis  -the nursing’s purpose is to help others identify their felt difficulties and that nurses should apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experience. FOUR METAPARADIGM OF NURSING PERSON is the recepient of nursing care and may include individuals,patients,groups,fami lies, and communities. FOUR METAPARADIGM OF NURSING HEALTH is defined as the degree of wellness or well-being that the client experiences. FOUR METAPARADIGM OF NURSING NURSING the attributes,characteristics,and actions of the nurse providing care on behalf of or in conjunction with , the client. FOUR METAPARADIGM OF NURSING ENVIRONMENT or situation, is defined as the internal and external surrounds that affect the client.  FOUR PHASES OF THE THERAPEUTIC NURSE-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP: ORIENTATION PHASE  FOUR PHASES OF THE THERAPEUTIC NURSE-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP: ORIENTATION PHASE IDENTIFICATION PHASE  FOUR PHASES OF THE THERAPEUTIC NURSE-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP: ORIENTATION PHASE EXPLOITATION PHASE IDENTIFICATION PHASE  FOUR PHASES OF THE THERAPEUTIC NURSE-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP: ORIENTATION PHASE EXPLOITATION PHASE IDENTIFICATION PHASE RESOLUTION PHASE ORIENTATION PHASE problem defining phase patient meets nurse as a stranger Patient and nurse collaborates to define problem and decide type of services needed. Patient seeks assistance from nurse, conveys needs, and asks questions Patient shares preconceptions and expectations of past experiences.  Nurse selects appropriate IDENTIFICATION professional assistance Patient begins to feel PHASE comfortable with nurse. Patient begins to feel belonging and capability of dealing with problem. the goal of the nurse : help the patient to recognize his/her own interdependent/ participation role and promote responsibility for self  The phase during which the EXPLOITATION patient makes full use of available professional services. PHASE Patient may fluctuate on independence. Patient may make minor requests or attention getting techniques Nurse must be aware about the various phases of communication. Nurse uses appropriate interview techniques in order to explore, understand, and adequately deal with patient problem.  The phase in which the work accomplished is summarized RESOLUTION PHASE and closure occurs. Termination of professional relationship. Patient’s needs have already been met by the collaboration of nurse and patient relationship. This is a difficult process for patients if psychological dependence persists. ROLES OF THE NURSE STRANGER ROLE offering the client the same acceptance and courtesy that the nurse would respond to any stranger RESOURCE ROLE Answers questions, interprets clinical treatment data, gives information TEACHING ROLE who imparts knowledge in reference to a need or interest  Helps client COUNSELING ROLE understand and integrate the meaning of current life circumstances; provides guidance and encouragement to make changes LEADERSHIP ROLE Helps client assume maximum responsibility for meeting treatment goals in a mutually satisfying way. SURROGATE ROLE Helps client clarify domains of dependence, interdependence, and independence and acts on clients behalf as advocate. TECHNICAL EXPERT Provides physical care by displaying clinical skills; Operates equipment OTHER ADDITIONAL ROLES OF A NURSE HEALTH TEACHER MEDIATOR CONSULTANT SOCIALIZING AGENT TUTOR RECORDER OBSERVER SAFETY AGENT RESEARCHER MANAGER OF ENVIRONMENT ADMINISTRATOR SUB-CONCEPTS: ANXIETY defined as the initial response to a psychic threat. There are four levels of anxiety described below. FOUR LEVELS OF ANXIETY Mild anxiety is a positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems. The person can take in all available stimuli (perceptual field).  Moderate anxiety involves a decreased perceptual field (focus on the immediate task only); the person can learn a new behavior or solve problems only with assistance. Another person can redirect the person to the task.  Severe anxiety involves feelings of dread and terror. The person cannot be redirected to a task; he or she focuses only on scattered details and has physiologic symptoms of tachycardia, diaphoresis, and chest pain.  Panic anxiety can involve loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and complete physical immobility and muteness. The person may bolt and run aimlessly, often exposing himself or herself to injury. INTERPERSONAL THEORY AND NURSING PROCESS Both are sequential and focus on therapeutic relationship. Both use problem solving techniques for the nurse and patient to collaborate on, with the end purpose of meeting the patients needs. Both use observation communication and recording as basic tools utilized by nursing RELEVANCE OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS THEORY TO : THANK YOU!