Group 1 (EAPP) - Smith.pdf

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PROFFESIONAL PURPOSES ACADEMIC TEXT GROUP 3 GROUP-3 BARBZ WENDY REYAL O FAKEH REYAL O FAKEH REYAL O FAKEH ARE THEY BEAUTIFUL? OH NO! REYAL  REYAL O FAKEH 1. FORMALITY IN ACADEMIC WRITING REQUIRES PRECISION TO MAKE A LEGITIMATE PIEC...

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PROFFESIONAL PURPOSES ACADEMIC TEXT GROUP 3 GROUP-3 BARBZ WENDY REYAL O FAKEH REYAL O FAKEH REYAL O FAKEH ARE THEY BEAUTIFUL? OH NO! REYAL  REYAL O FAKEH 1. FORMALITY IN ACADEMIC WRITING REQUIRES PRECISION TO MAKE A LEGITIMATE PIECE OF WRITING. OH NO! REYAL  REYAL O FAKEH 2. WRITING IS A FORM OF COMMUNICATION THAT IS SHAPED BY THE FOLLOWING FACTORS: TOPIC, ROLE, AND AUDIENCE. OH NO! REYAL  REYAL O FAKEH 3. THE USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS SUCH AS I, YOU, AND WE IS ACCEPTABLE IN ACADEMIC WRITING. OH NO! FAKEH  REYAL O FAKEH 4. "HOW CAN THESE PROBLEMS BE SOLVED?" IS AN EXAMPLE OF A CRITICAL QUESTION. REYAL  REYAL O FAKEH 5. BECAUSE IS AN EXAMPLE OF TRANSITIONAL DEVICE THAT EXPRESSES CAUSE AND EFFECT. REYAL  REYAL O FAKEH 6. AN ABSTRACT IS A SUMMARY OF A NOVEL. OH NO! FAKEH  REYAL O FAKEH 7. THE CONCLUSION IS THE SECTION THAT SUMMARIZES THE MAIN POINTS OF THE ESSAY. REYAL  REYAL O FAKEH 8. A SUMMARY IS A CONDENSED FORM OF A TEXT WHICH IS USUALLY HALF OF THE ORIGINAL MATERIAL. FAKEH  REYAL O FAKEH 9. TO INTRODUCE A TOPIC IN AN ESSAY, THE WRITER MUST BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN ITS DETAILS. FAKEH  REYAL O FAKEH 10. A RESEARCH PAPER CONTAINS BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY, BODY AND RECOMMENDATIONS. OH NO! FAKEH ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES  ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES What is an Academic Text? Academic text is defined as critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or professionals in a given field using formal language. It is technical by using vocabulary specific to the discipline.  ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES Some examples of academic writing are as follow: Literary Analysis A literary analysis essay examines, evaluates, and makes an argument about a literary work. goes beyond mere summarization. requires careful close reading of one or multiple texts and often focuses on a specific characteristic, theme, or motif.  ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES Research Paper A research paper uses outside information to support a thesis or make an argument. Research papers are written in all disciplines and may be evaluative, analytical, or critical in nature.  ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES Dissertation A dissertation (or thesis) is a document submitted at the conclusion of a Ph.D. program. The dissertation is a book-length summarization of the doctoral candidate's research. Academic papers can be created as part of a class, program, or published in an academic journal or scholarly book by various authors.  ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES Structure is an important feature of academic writing. enables the reader to follow the argument and navigate the text. In academic writing a clear structure and a logical flow are imperative to a cohesive text.  ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES The Three-Part Essay Structure basic structure introduction body conclusion  ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES The Three-Part Essay Structure Introduction Its purpose is to clearly tell the reader the topic, purpose and structure of the paper.  ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES The Three-Part Essay Structure Introduction’s 3 main parts: 1. The most general information, such as background and/or definitions. 2. The core of the introduction, where you show the overall topic, purpose, your point of view, hypotheses and/or research questions (depending on what kind of paper it is). 3. The most specific information, describing the scope and structure of your paper.  ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES The Three-Part Essay Structure Body It develops the question, "What is the topic about?". It may elaborate directly on the topic sentence by giving definitions, classifications, explanations, contrasts, examples and evidence.  ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES The Three-Part Essay Structure Conclusion The conclusion is closely related to the introduction and is often described as its 'mirror image'. The conclusion summarizes the paper's scope, confirms the topic, and concludes with a general statement about the topic's relevance to its context.  ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES The IMRaD Structure The sections of the IMRaD structure are Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion. The Introduction usually depicts the background of the topic and the central focus of the study. The Methodology details data collection methods, research instrument, and sample size. Results and Discussion provide a brief summary of key findings. LANGUAGE USE IN ACADEMIC WRITING  LANGUAGE USE IN ACADEMIC WRITING What is an Academic Language? Academic language represents the language demands of school (academics). Academic language includes language used in textbooks, in classrooms, on tests, and in each discipline. It is different in vocabulary and structure from the everyday spoken English of social interactions. LANGUAGE USE IN ACADEMIC WRITING LANGUAGE USE IN ACADEMIC WRITING EXAMPLES: ACADEMIC READING STRATEGIES ACADEMIC READING STRATEGIES What are the Purposes of Reading? to learn, to be entertained, or to further your understanding of something. People read different kinds of text (e.g., scholarly articles, textbooks, reviews) for different reasons. ACADEMIC READING STRATEGIES Some purposes for reading might be to scan for specific information to skim to get an overview of the text to relate new content to existing knowledge to write something (often depends on a prompt) to critique an argument to learn something for general comprehension ACADEMIC READING STRATEGIES Before Reading Establish your purpose for reading Speculate about the author's purpose for writing Review what you already know and want to learn about the topic (see the guides below) Preview the text to get an overview of its structure, looking at headings, figures, tables, glossary, etc. ACADEMIC READING STRATEGIES Before Reading Predict the contents of the text and pose questions about it. If the authors have provided discussion questions, read them and write them on a note- taking sheet. Note any discussion questions that have been provided (sometimes at the end of the text) ACADEMIC READING STRATEGIES During Reading Annotate and mark (sparingly) sections of the text to easily recall important or interesting ideas. Check your predictions and find answers to posed questions. Use headings and transition words to identify relationships in the text. Create a vocabulary list of other unfamiliar words to define later. ACADEMIC READING STRATEGIES During Reading Try to infer unfamiliar words' meanings by identifying their relationship to the main idea. Connect the text to what you already know about the topic. Take breaks (split the text into segments if necessary). ACADEMIC READING STRATEGIES After Reading Summarize the text in your own words (note what you learned, impressions, and reactions) in an outline, concept map, or matrix (for several texts). Talk to someone about the author's ideas to check your comprehension. Identify and reread difficult parts of the text Define words on your vocabulary list and practice using them. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS What is Summarizing? According to Buckley (2004), in her popular writing text Fit to Print, summarizing is reducing text to one-third or one-quarter its original size, clearly articulating the author's meaning, and retaining main ideas.  VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS According to Diane Hacker (2008), in A Canadian Writer's Reference, explains that summarizing involves stating a work's thesis and main ideas "simply, briefly, and accurately". From dictionaries, it is defined as taking a lot of information and creating a condensed version that covers the main points; and to express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS From dictionaries, it is defined as taking a lot of information and creating a condensed version that covers the main points; and to express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form. From the definitions, take a look on the pool of words and phrases VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS From the definitions, take a look on the pool of words and phrases VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS Various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts 1. Read the work first to understand the author's intent. This is a crucial step because an incomplete reading could lead to an inaccurate summary. Note: an inaccurate summary is plagiarism! VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS Various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts 2. One of the summarization techniques you can do is to present information through facts, skills and concept in visual formats. You can provide the cause and effects charts, time lines, and Venn diagrams, templates for outlines, use flow charts or infographics. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS Various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts 3. To avoid difficulty, you need first to know the main points and the supporting details. You can exclude any illustrations, examples or explanations. 4. You need to analyze the text to save time in thinking what you will do. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS Various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts 5. Think what information you will put in your summary. Be sure to cover the main points and arguments of the document. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS Various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts 6. One of the best things to do in auto summarizing is restating the words into different one. You should avoid using the original words of the author instead; use your own vocabulary but be sure to retain the information. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS Various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts 7. You will fully understand what the document is when you organize all ideas. 8. One of the things you can do is to write down all information in a coherent and precise form. Keep in mind that a summary is a condensed version of the original paper, so avoid making it long. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS Various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts 9. You can also decide to represent information through using dimensional constructions in representing concepts, skills or facts. 10. Paraphrasing is one of the skills you can do in writing a summary. With it, do not use the same words with the author. Increase in traffic connect Islands (Honshu & Hokkaido) Predictions and continuing growth The longest rail tunnel opened 1988 54km Opened in 1988贝 Bullet trains Never used tunnel Fall in the cost of flying Not used as much as forecasters predicted  The Very Hungry Caterpillar In a sunny garden bustling with life, a tiny caterpillar named Carl began a remarkable journey of growth and change. Carl loved to eat everything he found with curiosity. But he didn't know that his hunger would lead to new friends and amazing transformations. As the days went by, Carl ate juicy apples, plump strawberries, and even a piece of chocolate cake. Each meal filled him up and made him happy. But as Carl's belly grew bigger, he started to feel worried. The garden that was once full of fruits and leaves now seemed empty and lonely. One day, while resting on a leaf, Carl saw a wise and gentle butterfly named Bella fluttering nearby. Bella had watched Carl explore the garden and eat its treasures. "Hello, dear caterpillar," Bella greeted with a smile. "I've been watching you eat so much. How do you feel now?" Carl looked down at his plump body and sighed. "I ate a lot, but I still feel like something is missing." Bella nodded knowingly. "Maybe it's time to find nourishment in other ways, Carl. The garden has beauty, friends, and magic waiting for you." With Bella's help, Carl started to see the garden differently. He admired the pretty flowers, watched butterflies dance, and listened to birds singing. He enjoyed chatting with other insects and feeling their friendship. As days passed, Carl became closer to Bella. He learned that making friends and enjoying the garden were just as important as eating. And as he understood this, something magical happened. One morning, Carl woke up inside a soft cocoon. The world around him had changed, and he felt calm and excited. His journey was not over; it was just beginning in a new way. Weeks went by, and Carl's cocoon started to crack. With gentle effort, he emerged as a beautiful butterfly with wings as colorful as the garden he loved. Bella greeted him happily. "Welcome, dear friend," she said. "You've transformed, just like the garden changed you." Carl looked at his wings in wonder. He realized his journey was about more than eating; it was about growing, making friends, and discovering his true self. The end! apple lollipop pear pie plum sausage strawberry cupcake orange watermelon cake leaf cocoon cone butterfly pickle caterpillar cheese and sun. salami  A small caterpillar is born hungry and eats everything in sight until it gets a stomach ache. After that experience, he eats a leaf and it helps him to become a beautiful butterfly. The Very Hungry Caterpillar is a story about a small caterpillar who emerges from an egg and begins eating everything in sight. After six days of eating fruits, sweets, and “junk” food, he gets a stomach ache. On the seventh day, the caterpillar eats a “nice leaf” and feels much better. The now big, fat and not-hungry caterpillar builds a cocoon around himself and finally emerges as a beautiful butterfly. ACADEMIC WRITING ACADEMIC WRITING It is the process of writing analytically — the breaking down of ideas with the purpose of presenting information that depicts a clear understanding of a certain subject. Academic writing is the process of presenting ideas in a rational, organized, systematic, reasonable, and logical way. ACADEMIC WRITING Types of Academic Writing: 1. Descriptive: it tells how something looks, feels, smells, tastes, and/or sounds. A good description is a word picture, the reader can imagine the object. 2. Narration: To give an account or tell the story of something, someone, or an event. Use time order to organize sentences. 3. Argumentative or Persuasive: To induce readers to believe in writer's opinions or views through appealing reasons. To convince readers. ACADEMIC WRITING Characteristic of Academic Writing Language - The language in your paper needs to be clear and words need to be chosen for their precision. A thesaurus is a good tool to help you pick just the right words to explain the issues. Point-of-view - The point of view in the third person, as the focus of academic writing is to educate on the facts, not support an opinion. ACADEMIC WRITING Characteristic of Academic Writing Approach - Deductive reasoning is a big part of academic writing as your readers have to follow the path that brought you to your conclusion. Deductive reasoning and an analytical approach are important in academic writing. Much planning and forethought are needed to have a well organized paper. THESIS STATEMENT OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT THESIS STATEMENT OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT What is thesis statement? It is a statement that summarizes your topic and declares your position on it. tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion. is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper. THESIS STATEMENT OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT What is thesis statement? The thesis statement concisely presents the paper's topic and position, guiding the writing and maintaining focus throughout the argument. It is the central idea of a multiple-paragraph composition. It is one sentence summary that guides, controls and unifies ideas when writing a paper. In simple terms, all the other ideas present in an easy revolve around the thesis statement. THESIS STATEMENT OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT Locating Explicit and Implicit Thesis Statements In academic writing, the thesis is often explicit: it is included as a sentence as part of the text. It might be near the beginning of the work, but not always-some types of academic writing leave the thesis until the conclusion. THESIS STATEMENT OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT Locating Explicit and Implicit Thesis Statements Journalism and reporting also rely on explicit thesis statements that appear very early in the piece-the first paragraph or even the first sentence. Works of literature, on the other hand, usually do not contain a specific sentence that sums up the core concept of the writing. However, readers THESIS STATEMENT OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT should finish the piece with a good understanding of what the work was trying to convey. This is what's called an implicit thesis statement: the primary point of the reading is conveyed indirectly, in multiple locations throughout the work. (In literature, this is also referred to as the theme of the work.) However, academic writing sometimes relies on implicit thesis statements, as well. THESIS STATEMENT OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT 1. Where is your thesis statement? You should provide a thesis early in your essay - in the introduction, or in longer essays in the second paragraph - in order to establish your position and give your reader a sense of direction. THESIS STATEMENT OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT 2. Is your thesis statement specific? Your thesis statement should be as clear and specific as possible. Normally you will continue to refine your thesis as you revise your arguments), so your thesis will evolve and gain definition as you obtain a better sense of where your argument is taking you. THESIS STATEMENT OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT Tips on how to formulate specific thesis statement The opposite of a focused, narrow, crisp thesis is a broad, sprawling, superficial thesis. Compare this original thesis (too general) with three possible revisions (more focused, each presenting a different approach to the same topic): Original thesis: There are serious objections to today's horror movies. Revised theses: Because modern cinematic techniques have allowed filmmakers to get more graphic, horror flicks have desensitized young American viewers to violence. THESIS STATEMENT OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT 4. Is your thesis statement clear? Your thesis statement is no exception to your writing: it needs to be as clear as possible. By being as clear as possible in your thesis statement, you will make sure that your reader understands exactly what you mean. Tips on how to write clear thesis statement Unless you're writing a technical report, avoid technical language. Always avoid jargon, unless you are confident your audience will be familiar with it. THESIS STATEMENT OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT 4. Is your thesis statement clear? Avoid vague words such as "interesting," "negative," "exciting," "unusual," and "difficult." Avoid abstract words such as "society," "values," or "culture."  EXAMPLE 1 Climate change is a critical global issue caused primarily by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. These actions release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, leading to global warming and subsequent environmental impacts. The effects of climate change are widespread, including rising sea levels, more frequent and severe natural disasters, and disruptions to agricultural productivity. This essay will explore the causes, impacts, and potential solutions to this pressing issue. Given the severity of these consequences, it is imperative that nations around the world take immediate and coordinated actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change. EXAMPLE 2 Technology has transformed nearly every aspect of modern life, from how we communicate to how we work and entertain ourselves. The rapid advancement of digital technologies has led to significant improvements in productivity and convenience. However, it has also raised concerns about privacy, security, and the erosion of human interaction. This essay will argue that while technology has brought undeniable benefits, it is essential to address the accompanying challenges to ensure that these advancements contribute positively to society as a whole. EXAMPLE 3 The rise of social media has drastically changed how people communicate and interact, providing platforms for connection, self-expression, and information sharing on an unprecedented scale. However, this shift has also led to significant issues, including the spread of misinformation, cyberbullying, and the erosion of privacy. Despite the numerous benefits of social media, this essay will argue that the negative impacts on mental health, personal privacy, and societal discourse outweigh the advantages, necessitating stricter regulations and more responsible usage. THESIS STATEMENT EXAMPLE Example 1: The Importance of Wearing Uniforms in Academic Institutions Students should wear school uniforms as they help in enhancing discipline, creating institutional pride, facilitating equality among students, and they are cheaper than other forms of dressing. Example 2: The Benefits of Using Computers to Teach Fourth graders Computers place fourth graders at an early advantage of scientific and technological advancement. THESIS STATEMENT EXAMPLE Example 3: Effects of Alcohol Consumption at a Young Age Consuming alcohol at a young age exposes an individual to health risks, such as liver complications, heart diseases, or even weight gain. Example 4: Assisted Suicide Assisted suicide should be legal and doctors should have the ability to make sure their patients have the end-of-life care that they want to receive. THESIS STATEMENT EXAMPLE The rise of social media platforms has dramatically altered how people interact with one another. Conversations that once took place in person or over the phone have moved to digital spaces, where the nuances of face-to-face communication are often lost. This shift has led to a new type of interaction, one that is more convenient yet less personal. While people are more connected than ever, this connection is often superficial, with online relationships lacking the depth and sincerity of traditional ones. Moreover, the constant presence of social media has introduced new challenges, such as maintaining privacy and managing the pressure to curate a perfect online image. THESIS STATEMENT EXAMPLE As cities continue to expand, green spaces are becoming increasingly scarce. Parks that once flourished with diverse plant life are now surrounded by concrete, and the natural habitats of many species are being replaced with high-rise buildings. The few remaining patches of greenery are often overrun with people seeking a brief escape from the urban jungle. This loss of nature is not just a matter of aesthetics; it has real consequences for the mental and physical health of city dwellers. The calming effect of nature, which has been proven to reduce stress and improve well-being, is gradually being eroded as cities grow denser and more crowded. PLAGIARISM PLAGIARISM "Plagiarism" means an act of academic dishonesty and a breach of ethics. It involves using someone else's ideas or work as one's own. Plagiarism now is not confined to mere cut and paste; synonymizing and translation technologies are giving a new dimension to plagiarism"  PLAGIARISM Most common forms of plagiarism in the writings are: The Ghost Writer: making a copy of another work's word for word and verbatim to this without being of citing the original document. The photocopy writer: to make copy of significant portion of another writings from one and single source withoutmodification and acknowledgment to the source used.  PLAGIARISM Most common forms of plagiarism in the writings are: The Potluck Paper writer: attempt of copying from several other sources with a few changes have made of paragraphs and sentences retaining most of the original phrasing. The Self-Stealer writer: borrows idea generously from own previous works and common threat to all above not putting the original source.  PLAGIARISM Types of Plagiarism Copying- most common type, To copy someone else's work and put your name on it, you have plagiarized.  PLAGIARISM Types of Plagiarism Patchwork Plagiarism: similar to copying and is perhaps the second most common type of plagiarism. occurs when the plagiarizer borrows the "phrases and clauses from the original source and weaves them into his own writing" without putting the phrases in quotation marks or citing the author.  PLAGIARISM Types of Plagiarism Paraphrasing Plagiarism: occurs when the plagiarizer paraphrases or summarizes another's work without citing the source. Even changing the words a little or using synonyms but retaining the author's essential thoughts, sentence structure, and/or style without citing the source is still considered plagiarism. PLAGIARISM Unintentional Plagiarism: occurs when the writer incorrectly quotes and/or incorrectly cites a source they are using. COPYRIGHT  COPYRIGHT What is copyright? Copyright is a legal right and protection Copyright sets out rules and expectations for the reproduction and uses of an original creative work (literary/artistic/industrial/digital) Copyright affects and regulates many aspects of our lives (knowledge production, the arts, etc.) Copyright grants exclusive rights to creators to protect and incentivize their work COPYRIGHT How copyright works In most countries, copyright protection is automatically conferred (unlike a patent or trademark) onto original intellectual property Copyright is a territorial right which means that copyright granted by a state only extends to the territory of that state; each country has its own copyright laws and practices, but most countries offer a form of mutual recognition of copyright PARAPHRASING PARAPHRASING What is paraphrasing? A rewriting of text in your own words Used to clarify meaning Used to shorten a longer statement but keeps the main ideas A way to enhance vocabulary PARAPHRASING Steps to paraphrase Read the passage carefully Decide the main ideas of the passage Highlight important words or phrases Put the main points in your own words OUTLINING OUTLINE An outline is a general plan of what you are going to write You can compare making an outline to drawing plans to build a house. Before one begins to build a house, it is best to draw up plans to make sure that a house is built in the way you want. The same is true with writing an essay and making an outline. The Benefits of an Outline An outline of an essay can be very helpful for two reasons: An outline will help make your essay more organized. A careful plan will help your body paragraphs stay focused on the ideas in your thesis statement. An outline saves time for writers. Preparing an outline can take time, but when you are finished, you will be able to write the rough draft of your essay more quickly than if you didn't have an outline.  OUTLINING MAKING AN OUTLINE In a formal outline, Roman numerals can be used to represent paragraphs. Capital letters can be usedto represent supporting details for the paragraphs.  OUTLINING MAKING AN OUTLINE Thesis Statement To begin an outline, you need to start with your thesis statement. The thesis statement will be your guide throughout the process of writing your essay. From the thesis statement, you can begin writing the topic sentences for the body paragraphs in the outline.  OUTLINING MAKING AN OUTLINE Topic Sentences The topic sentence for each body paragraph should support the thesis statement. The topic sentences need to agree with the main idea or subpoints in the thesis statement; otherwise, the essay could be confusing.  OUTLINING MAKING AN OUTLINE Supporting Details Under the topic sentence for each paragraph, list some of the supporting details, examples, or ideas you want to include in each paragraph.  THE IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY IN SHAPING LIVES Family is the foundation upon which individuals build their lives, providing a sense of belonging, support, and unconditional love. A strong family unit offers a safe haven where children can grow and thrive, learning essential values and life skills. Regular family gatherings, such as shared meals and holiday celebrations, foster a sense of unity and create cherished memories. Parents play a crucial role in nurturing their children's emotional well-being, guiding them through life's challenges and celebrating their successes. As family members support and encourage one another, they develop resilience and the ability to overcome obstacles together. By prioritizing family relationships and creating a loving environment, individuals can cultivate a strong foundation for personal growth and fulfillment. ABSTRACT  ABSTRACT What is Abstract? An abstract is a very concise statement of the major elements of your research project. It states the purpose, methods, and findings of your research project. An abstract is a condensed version of a full scientific paper. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ABSTRACT Accurate, coherent, and readable Concise, specific, and selective Self-contained, i.e, stand alone Complete and internally consistent No references No tables or figures No or few abbreviations (must be defined) Conclusions should be based on data/info presented within the abstract. 4 C’S OF ABSTRACT WRITING Complete - it covers the major parts of the project/ case Concise - it contains no excess wordiness or unnecessary information. Clear - it is readable, well organized, and not too jargon-laden. & Cohesive - it flows smoothly between the parts. STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS: Write 1-2 introduction sentences that explain topic, purpose, and research question(s). Write 1-2 sentences describing your research methods (this may also include the type of data analysis you used). Write 1-2 sentences describing the result/findings. Write 1-2 sentences containing your concuisions and recommendations. THANK YOU FOR YOUR NICE ATTENTION QUIZ TIME! PREPARE YOUR PEN 1-4. THE SECTIONS OF THE IMRAD STRUCTURE ARE _______, _______, _________, AND ________. 5. WHAT IS A THESIS STATEMENT? 6. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF READING? 7. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACADEMIC LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL LANGUAGE? 8-10. GIVE THREE (3) COMMON TEXT STRUCTURES USED IN ACADEMIC TEXTS? THANK YOU AGAIN