ARBT 5 Reporting - Alternative Building Construction System PDF

ARBT 5: REPORTING Alternative Building Construction System 01 GROUP 1 Bagamano, John Leonards R. Bernante, Christian Rod D. Bueno, Jana Lucia S. Cabrera, Adrian Joshua D. Carreon, Juaina...

ARBT 5: REPORTING Alternative Building Construction System 01 GROUP 1 Bagamano, John Leonards R. Bernante, Christian Rod D. Bueno, Jana Lucia S. Cabrera, Adrian Joshua D. Carreon, Juaina Lozielle G. Cosino, Phoebe Angelle M. Cast in Place and 01 02 Structural Systems Pre-cast Concrete 02  Cast-in-Place and Pre-cast Concrete CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE process of pouring concrete into formwork at the construction site also known as “Cast-in-Situ” ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1) Customization 1) High labor 2) Strength and Stability 2) Weather dependent 3) Additives 3) Longer production time Flat Plate TYPES Flat Slab Ribbed Floor Slab Waffle Slab Slipform Method 03  Cast-in-Place and Pre-cast Concrete PRE-CAST CONCRETE process of pouring concrete into formwork at the factory or plant ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1) Consistent Quality 1) Transportation 2) Sustainable 2) Not flexible 3) Reducing Construction Time 3) Sensitive Connection TYPES Lift Slab Span Stress Floor System 04  Cast-in-Place Concrete Slab slab connected to the column directly FLAT PLATE not connected to beam can bridge smaller spans most economical for spans from 4.5 to 6 meters ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1) Simple formwork 1) Lower Span 2) Entire ceiling height available 2) Lower Lateral Load Capacity for services 3) May not be suitable for heavy 3) Reduced floor-to floor height loads 4) Thick Slab 05  Cast-in-Place Concrete Slab with either drop panel or column capital FLAT SLAB not connected to beam can bridge larger spans can be used for spans up to 9 meters ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1) Simple formwork 1) Lower Span 2) Entire ceiling height available 2) Lower Lateral Load Capacity for services 3) May not be suitable for heavy 3) Reduced floor-to floor height loads 4) Better shear resistance 4) Thick Slab 06  Cast-in-Place Concrete Slab RIBBED FLOOR also called as “joist slabs” parallel ridges that run along the length of the slab SLAB most of the structural support is in the joists connected to beam ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1) Long slab spans can be 1) Not suitable for heavy loads constructed 2) Difficulty to install utilities 2) Thinner than solid slabs 3) Formwork cost is high 3) Lighter than solid slabs 07  Cast-in-Place Concrete Slab also called as “grid slabs” WAFFLE SLAB optimizing the distribution of loads while minimizing material usage steel bar reinforcement within the ribs connected to beam ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1) Thinner than solid slabs 1) Complex formwork 2) Lighter than solid slabs 2) Requires skilled labor 3) Greater resistance to seismic 3) Not suitable for extremely activity than flat slabs heavy loads 08  Cast-in-Place Concrete Slab usually used for reinforced concrete walls SLIPFORM METHOD formwork being raised in a continuous process economical for buildings more than ten storeys ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1) High production rate 1) Minimal flexibility 2) Small workforce 2) Design Limitation 3) Less congestion on site 3) Involves heavy machinery 09  Pre-cast Concrete Slab slabs are cast in succession LIFT SLAB lifting slabs to the structure uniform thickness the collars are welded to the columns. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1) Faster production time 1) Difficult connections 2) Reduced labor 2) Safety risks during lifting 3) Advantageous in similar plans 3) Need for specialized equipment per floor 10  Pre-cast Concrete Slab SPAN STRESS utilizes prestressed T- Joist has the stiffness of a conventional slab FLOOR SYSTEM from 3.00 meters to 9.00 meters ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1) Light system 1) Special equipment requirement 2) Capable of heavy loads 2) Requires skilled labor 3) Eliminates wood framework 3) Higher material cost 11  STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS ADVANCED STRUCTURAL MATERIALS 12 Advanced Structural Materials are designed to improve the strength, durability, and sustainability of buildings and infrastructure. These materials are engineered to meet the increasing demands of modern construction, such as greater load-bearing capacity, environmental resilience, and energy efficiency. 13  Advanced Structural Materials Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials, but modern advancements have led to various high-performance versions. HIGH- T Y P E S : PERFORMANCE Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) - Exceeds 150 MPa in strength and CONCRETE includes fibers for added durability. Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) - Flows easily into tight spaces, reducing labor and improving construction quality. Geopolymer Concrete - Eco-friendly alternative to Portland cement, using fly ash or slag to cut emissions. APPLICATIONS: Bridges Skyscrapers Large-scale infrastructure projects High-performance Architectural Elements Sustainable Construction 14  Advanced Structural Materials Engineered wood are more sustainable and stronger than natural lumber, offering greater uniformity and commonly used in modern timber construction. ENGINEERED T Y P E S : WOOD Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) - Wood boards glued at 90-degree angles to create large panels for walls, floors, and roofs, essential in tall timber buildings. Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) - Thin wood layers bonded together for strong beams and load-bearing elements. Glue-Laminated Timber (Glulam) - Similar to LVL, used for longer spans and curved structures like arches. APPLICATIONS: Sustainable Building Construction Modular homes Large-span structures Tall timber buildings Prefabricated structures 15  Advanced Structural Materials Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are composite materials where high-strength fibers (carbon, glass, or aramid) are embedded in a polymer matrix. They are FIBER- lightweight and corrosion-resistant. T Y P E S : REINFORCED POLYMERS (FRP) Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) - Commonly used for concrete reinforcement bars (rebar), structural panels, and retrofitting existing structures. Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) - Extremely strong and lightweight, used in high-performance applications like bridges and architectural features. Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) - An emerging material made from volcanic basalt rock, offering excellent corrosion resistance and strength. APPLICATIONS: Strengthening existing structures Concrete reinforcement Facades Bridges Earthquake retrofitting High-rise construction 16  Advanced Structural Materials Modern glass technologies enhance energy efficiency, thermal performance, and structural strength while allowing for aesthetic and functional flexibility in building ADVANCED GLASS design. AND GLAZING T Y P E S : SYSTEMS Low-E Glass - Coated with a thin metallic layer to reflect heat, improving energy efficiency. Smart Glass - Changes its transparency or opacity in response to light, temperature, or electricity, reducing energy use for heating and cooling. Laminated Glass - Multiple layers of glass bonded with interlayers, offering enhanced impact resistance and sound insulation. APPLICATIONS: Building facades Windows Skylights Greenhouses Energy-efficient buildings 17  Advanced Structural Materials ICF systems consist of hollow foam blocks that are stacked and filled with concrete. INSULATING They provide superior insulation and structural strength. P R O P E R T I E S : CONCRETE FORMS (ICF) Excellent thermal insulation and energy efficiency. High soundproofing and fire resistance. APPLICATIONS: Residential and commercial buildings Particularly in energy-efficient and sustainable construction projects. 18  Advanced Structural Materials Nanomaterials are used to enhance the properties of traditional construction materials like concrete, coatings, and insulation. NANOMATERIALS T Y P E S : IN CONSTRUCTION Nano-Silica - Increases the strength and durability of concrete by refining the microstructure and reducing porosity. Nanoclays - Added to coatings and sealants for improved resistance to weather and UV radiation. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) - Improve the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of concrete and other materials. APPLICATIONS: Self-healing concrete High-performance coatings Fire-resistant materials Insulation 19  Advanced Structural Materials Steel remains a fundamental construction material, but advancements in alloys and fabrication techniques have led to stronger and lighter forms. HIGH-STRENGTH T Y P E S : STEEL AND ADVANCED ALLOYS High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Steel - Provides greater strength and corrosion resistance without adding extra weight. Used in bridges, buildings, and large structures. Weathering Steel (Corten Steel) - Designed to form a protective rust layer that prevents further corrosion, used in bridges, facades, and sculptures. Stainless Steel - Used for its corrosion resistance, especially in exterior facades, architectural elements, and load-bearing applications. APPLICATIONS: Structural beams Bridges Skyscrapers Industrial construction 20  Advanced Structural Materials 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is an emerging construction technique where materials are deposited layer by layer to build structures. 3D PRINTING T Y P E S : MATERIALS 3D-Printed Concrete - Special formulations of concrete are used in 3D printing to create walls, bridges, and even houses with minimal waste and labor. 3D-Printed Polymers - Used in non-structural elements, cladding, and interior architectural components. 3D-Printed Metal - Advanced printers can create metallic structural components with intricate designs that are lighter and stronger than traditionally fabricated parts. APPLICATIONS: Residential homes Prefabricated structures Bridges Architectural components. 21  LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE TRUSS STRUCTURE FRAME STRUCTURE CABLE AND ARCH STRUCTURE STRUCTURAL FORMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN SHELL STRUCTURE TENSILE STRUCTURE HYBRID STRUCTURE PRE-ENGINEERED STRUCTURE 22  LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE In a load-bearing structure, the full weight of the superstructure is transmitted to the walls since the roof and floors are supported directly by the walls. Through wall footing, walls, in turn, transmit the weight to the earth below. THE COLOSSEUM IMPACT ON DESIGN ROME, ITALY FORM Requires thick walls Walls carry the loads from the roof Sturdy and Solid and floors to the foundation. Smaller Spans Common in ancient buildings and still found in low-rise residential architecture. 23  TRUSS STRUCTURE A common type of metal structure in construction and is called a structure in which the forces applied to the structure are transmitted to the ground by triangular steel beams with articulated connection to the supports. EIFFEL TOWER IMPACT ON DESIGN PARIS, FRANCE FORM Wide Spans Triangular units made of straight Lightweight Structure members connected at joints to form Industrial Aesthetic a rigid framework. 24  FRAME STRUCTURE A framed structure in any material is one that is made stable by a skeleton that is able to stand by itself as a rigid structure without depending on floors or walls to resist deformation. Materials such as wood, steel, and reinforced concrete, which are strong in both tension and compression, make the best members for framing. HANGAR-7 IMPACT ON DESIGN SALZBURG, AUSTRIA FORM Large Clear Spans Consists of a skeletal framework, Lightweight Structure usually of steel or concrete, which Versatility supports the loads of the building. Modular Design 25  CABLE AND ARCH STRUCTURE Cable-arch structure is a combined structure, which utilizes flexibility of cable and rigidity of arch. In situations when trusses are not feasible, long spans are supported by cables, which significantly increase the cost and scale of the structure. Arches are composed of curvilinear members that rest on supports. Cable-arch structure has been widely used in bridge engineering. JUSCELINO IMPACT ON DESIGN KUBITSCHEK BRIDGE FORM BRASÍLIA, BRAZIL Spans Large Distances A curved structural element that Signify Stability and Strength spans an opening and transfers Durability weight down to the supports. 26  SHELL STRUCTURE A shell structure consists of curved sheets that define the boundary between a structure's interior and exterior spaces. It serves both as a structural framework and an outer covering. Unlike conventional structures, shell structures are self-supporting, eliminating the need for internal beams, columns, or walls. LOTUS TEMPLE IMPACT ON DESIGN DELHI, INDIA FORM Organic Shapes Thin, curved membranes of concrete, Lightweight Substances steel, or other materials that can Maximum Flexibility in Layout and Design cover large areas. 27  TENSILE STRUCTURE A tensile structure is a construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression or bending. Their main characteristics are the way in which they work under stress tensile, their ease of pre- fabrication, their ability to cover large spans, and their malleability. MUNICH OLYMPIC IMPACT ON DESIGN STADIUM FORM MUNICH, GERMANY Lightweight and Flexible Structures that use a network of Innovative Forms cables and fabric membranes to Extensive Coverage create tension. Transparency 28  HYBRID STRUCTURE A method of designing structures utilizing different materials to create unique buildings and spaces. This type of construction is used to offer a mixed material solution to meet all demands of a project including environmental, structural, cost requirements. BAGMANE LYNX IMPACT ON DESIGN BANGALORE, INDIA FORM Combines the strengths of different A combination of two or more systems for better load distribution, structural forms, such as using frames durability, and flexibility. in conjunction with tensile elements or domes. 29  PRE-ENGINEERED STRUCTURE Pre Engineered Building (PEB) are structures made from prefabricated parts that are assembled on-site. PEB is a concept of structure having high structural strength, economical design while it supersedes the conventional fabrication, it lowers down the stress of foundation, hence there is less cost on civil construction as well. HEMEROSCOPIUM IMPACT ON DESIGN HOUSE FORM MADRID, SPAIN Flexibility in Expansion A curved structural element that Versatility spans an opening and transfers Durability weight down to the supports. 30  CASE STUDIES OF INNOVATIVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF INNOVATIVE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Innovative structural systems in architecture are changing the way buildings are conceived, built, and experienced. These innovative developments in structural engineering, material science, and design technology have given architects unprecedented opportunities to create cutting-edge, efficient, and visually appealing THE INTERLACE APARTMENTS - SINGAPORE structures. 31  INNOVATIVE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENT TYPES OF INNOVATIVE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS SYSTEM SOME EXAMPLE OF INNOVATIVE CLEMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE - STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS SOUTH CAROLINA, USA TENSEGRITY STRUCTURES EXOSKELETON STRUCTURES DEPLOYABLE STRUCTURES RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES BIO-INSPIRED STRUCTURES COMPOSITE STRUCTURES ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES 32  INNOVATIVE STRUCTURAL ADAPTIVE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS SYSTEM TENSEGRITY STRUTURES SYSTEM These are characterized by a network of compression and tension elements that create a stable, lightweight, and highly adaptable form. Tensegrity structures have been used in architecture, engineering, and even in space applications. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Stabilization of the structure through tension Complex Design Deployable Limited Load Capacity Efficient Structures Maintenance Challenges Reliable modeling Cost of Materials THE ESTADIO CIUDAD DE Perform multiple functions Sensitivity to Design Flaws KURILPA BRIDGE, LA PLATA BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA 33  INNOVATIVE STRUCTURAL BIO - INSPIRED STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS SYSTEM EXOSKELETON STRUCTURES SYSTEM These are external frameworks that enhance the structural capabilities of a building or structure. They can be used to strengthen existing structures or create novel architectural forms. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Structural Efficiency Complex Design and Engineering Flexibility in Design Higher Initial Costs Enhanced Stability Maintenance Challenges Open Interior Spaces Thermal Performance Improved Aesthetics Potential for Noise and Vibration CANNON PLACE HOTEL ARTS (LONDON) (BARCELONA) 34  INNOVATIVE STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS SYSTEM DEPLOYABLE STRUCTURES SYSTEM These are structures that can be folded, compressed, or otherwise transformed to enable transportation and rapid deployment. They are often used in temporary or emergency applications, such as shelters or bridges. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Space Efficiency Structural Limitations Quick Assembly and Disassembly Durability Concerns Versatility Environmental Vulnerability Lightweight Construction Complex Mechanisms Cost-Effective Solutions Limited Insulation Innovative Design Possibilities RAPID DEPLOYMENT RECOVER SHELTER MODULES (RDM) 35  INNOVATIVE STRUCTURAL ADAPTIVE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS SYSTEM RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES SYSTEM These are interconnected, three-dimensional frameworks where each element supports and is supported by the others, creating a self-reinforcing system. They are often used in roof structures and have unique aesthetic and engineering properties. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Structural Efficiency Complex Design Aesthetic Appeal Limited Load Capacity Open Interior Spaces Potential for Movement Sustainable Potential Cost Considerations STEEL LAMELLA DOME Ease of Construction Maintenance Requirements FRANZ MASEREEL CANTEEN ROOF CENTRE IN KASTERLEE, Dynamic Responses Limited Awareness STRUCTURE BELGIUM. 36  INNOVATIVE STRUCTURAL BIO - INSPIRED STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS SYSTEM BIO - INSPIRED STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS Structures inspired by natural systems, such as honeycombs, spider webs, and bone structures. These often have great strength-to-weight ratios and adaptability. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Efficiency Limitations Sustainability Sociocultural Functionality Complexity Advancements THE EDEN PROJECT BEIJING NATIONAL - CORNWALL, UK AQUATICS CENTER 38  INNOVATIVE STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS SYSTEM COMPOSITE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS Structures that blend several materials, such as steel, concrete, and fiber-reinforced polymers, to construct hybrid systems with improved performance. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES High Strength-to- High Cost Weight Ratio Difficulties to Corrosion Repair Resistance Susceptible BAGMANE AQUILA CITY BUSINESS CENTER Design Flexibility KARNATAKA, INDIA TIMISOARA, ROMANIA 39  INNOVATIVE STRUCTURAL ADAPTIVE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS SYSTEM ADAPTIVE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS Structures that may alter shape, stiffness, or other attributes in response to environmental or operating conditions, resulting in increased functionality and efficiency. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Flexibility High Cost Integrity Difficulties to Sustainable Repair THE POMPIDOU CENTER Viability Maintenance THE EDGE PARIS AMSTERDAM 40  THANK YOU ! BAGAM AN O | BER N AN TE | BU EN O | C ABR ER A | C AR R EON | C OSIN O BSA - 4B 41