G+ Bacteria PDF

G+ BACTERIA - Mesophilic (30-37 degrees) - Purple with gram stain Species Pathogenesis Effects...

G+ BACTERIA - Mesophilic (30-37 degrees) - Purple with gram stain Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem Staphylococcus Cattle, sheep Predisposing factors: Mastitis & skin problems Mucous Samples Oxidase S. aureus goats, pigs, Immunosuppression, traumas, membranes of URT, Depends on signs Negative S. pseudointermedius horses, cats, infections, allergic conditions, LUT, and skin and S. hyicus poultry endocrine and metabolic environment Conditions Catalase disturbances Fac. anaerobes Positive Dogs and cats Not motile Pyogenic Coagulase Pigs Gram Positive Toxins: Cocci in clusters Enterotoxins CAMP Toxic shock syndrome toxins Negative Exfoliative toxins Other California test for Skin problems, otitis, subclinical cystitis, endometritis mastitis Non enriched Growth Greasy pig disease Blood agar Alpha, beta, or gamma Hyicus- gamma Macconkey No growth  Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem Streptococcus Cattle, sheep, Mainly causes septicemia and Chronic mastitis (rum) Mucous Samples Oxidase S. agalactiae goats, humans, abscesses and suppurative Neonatal septicemia membranes of URT Porcine strep. Meningitis- Negative S. dysgalactiae dogs lesions (humans and dogs) and LUT CSF, blood S. equi Catalase S. zooepidermicus Cattle, lambs Antiphagocytic factors Acute mastitis (cattle) Conditions Negative S. suis Polyarthritis (lambs) Fac. anaerobes S. canis Horses Not motile Coagulase Strangles Sample sent at 4 degrees Negative Pigs, humans Specimens susceptible to desiccation CAMP Carnivores Positive Gram Forms arrowhead Cocci in chains Mastitis, pneumonia, navel infections (horses) Suppurative conditions, Other septicemia (cattle, lambs, Lancefield pigs, poultry) Non enriched classification No growth based on antigen Porcine streptococcal meningitis (pigs): Blood agar PCR septicemia, meningitis, Alpha- S. suis, S. arthritis, dysgalactiae bronchopneumonia Beta- S. agalactiae, S. equi, S. zooepidermicus, S. canis Macconkey No growth Septicemia, meningitis (humans) Neonatal septicemia, suppurative conditions, toxic shock syndrome Mycobacterium Humans, Transmission by inhalation Tuberculosis Environment- soil, STRICT SAFETY ZN M. tuberculosis primates, dogs vegetation, water PRECAUTIONS- + (red) M. bovis Replication in lung Paratuberculosis (Johne’s ZOONOTIC M. avium complex Cattle macrophages (intracellularly) disease)- M. avium M. avium subspecies (sometimes other subspecies Samples paratuberculosis dom. animals Resistance to chemicals paratuberculosis Aspirates, lymph nodes, and humans) tissue scrapings, milk, Effective immunity- stay in biopsies from the rectum Birds lungs (pulm. tuberculosis), no and feces shedding Tuberculin test Cattle, sheep, Conditions Inject tuberculin goats, deer Ineffective immunity- spreads, Aerobic into live animal + shedding in resp. secretions Slow growth measure skin and fluids Non motile thickness Susceptible to heat Can be ingested and shed w/ feces, colostrum, milk, & Gram transplacentally Cannot use Non enriched No growth Blood agar No hemolysis Macconkey Lesions in GI tract- No growth weight loss, diarrhea, fatal enteritis Egg enriched media Growth  Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem Corynebacterium Cattle Pyogenic infections Subclinical mastitis Teat Samples Oxidase C. bovis Commensals on mucous Pus, exudate, tissue, Negative C. pseudotuberculosis Sheep, goats membranes Pseudotuberculosis Skin, mms, urine (renale) C. renale (caseous lymphangitis) environment Catalase Cattle, sheep, Replication in phagocytes Conditions Positive goats Transmitted by direct contact or Fac. anaerobes enviro. contamination (pus, Non motile Coagulase nasal/oral discharge, coughing, Negative vectors) Gram Incubation- 3 months Pleomorphic CAMP Negative LUT of cattle Cattle- cystitis, pyelonephritic Prepuce of sheep+goats Non enriched No growth Blood agar Complete hemolysis Macconkey Sheep+goats- ulcerative No growth balanoposthitis  Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem Rhodococcus Horses Resp. pathogens Bronchopneumonia & Intestinal tract of Samples Oxidase R. equi pulmonary abscesses healthy horses Tracheal aspirates, pus Negative Can infect cows, Foals susceptible due to pigs, cats, and underdeveloped immune Conditions Catalase humans, but rare system Aerobic Positive Non motile Transmitted in feces by Growth after 24-48 hrs Coagulase inhalation Negative Gram Antigens produced Specimens- tracheal Rods or cocci CAMP (pathogenic) at high aspirates and pus Positive, creates temperatures spade shape Non enriched Growth- mucoid colonies Blood agar No hemolysis Macconkey No growth  Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem Actinomyces Cattle Pyogranulomatous Lumpy jaw disease Mucous Conditions Catalase A. bovis Skin damaging enzymes membranes Anaerobic or fac. Bovis - A. viscosus Dogs anaerobic Viscosus + CO2 Slow growth ZN - (blue) Gram Filamentous structures Cutaneous pyogranulomas, pyothorax, proliferative pyogranulomatous pleural lesions Blood agar Bovis- yes or no hemolysis Viscosus- non hemolytic Arcanobacterium Cattle, sheep, Purulent reactions Abscesses, mastitis, Mucous Conditions Catalase A. pyogenes pigs pneumonia, endometritis, membranes Aerobic negative pyometra, arthritis, Slow growth umbilical infections Gram Coryneform Blood agar Hemolysis  Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem Actinobaculum Pigs Urinary pathogen Cystitic, pyelonephritis Mucous Conditions Catalase A. suis membranes Anaerobic negative Slow growth Gram coryneform Blood agar Hemolysis or not Nocardia Dog, cattle, pigs, Opportunistic on Dogs- canine nocardiosis Soil saprophytes Samples ZN sheep, goats, immunosuppressed animals Exudates, aspirates, + (pink) horses mastitic milk, granuloma Produce aerial Transmission by inhalation, filaments skin wounds, or teat canal Conditions Aerobic Produce spores Non motile Cattle- chronic mastitis, abortion, bovine farcy SDA Growth Pigs- abortion BCYE-a & Thayer martin agar Sheep, goats, horses- Powdery colonies wound infections, pyogranulomatous lesions Blood agar Not hemolytic  Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem Dermatophilus Most animals Predisposing factors: trauma, Dermatophilosis/mycotic In scabs and foci on Samples ZN and humans persistent wetting, sebaceous dermatitis: the skin Scab material and skin - (blue) secretions Microabscesses in epidermis and raised Conditions Produces Zoospores, which crusts on the skin Aerobic are motile spores that are CO2 activated by the predisposing factors, and can survive in the Gram environment for 3 years thick, filamentous structures “Strawberry footrot”- in lower limbs “Lumpy wool” Blood agar hemolysis  Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem Listeria Most animals 2 types of transmission: If transplacental- abortion Environment- Samples Oxidase L. monocytogenes Ingestion of contaminated feed or baby with septicemia herbage, fresh Neuro signs: CSF, spinal Negative Penetrates intestine and neuro. signs water, feces cord tissue Absorbed and disseminates Abortions: cotyledons, Catalase Targets liver and spleen fetal abomasal content, Positive Can be transplacental uterine discharge Can cross blood brain Septicemia- liver, spleen, CAMP barrier blood Positive, small Carriers- feces shape Direct contact Invades oral/nasal mucosa Neurological if crosses Conditions Virulence factors blood brain barrier & Tolerate wide temp and Internalins- allow adherence causes encephalitis pH Replicate intracellularly (rum.): Fac. anaerobes Listeriolysin- allows listeria “Circling disease”, Motile at 25 degrees into host cell headache, stiff neck, Microfilaments- motility confusion, loss of Gram Projections- to go into cell balance, convulsion, Rods Phospholipases- mediates fever, muscle aches cell to cell spread immunoflouresce nce Blood agar Complete hemolysis w/ O2 Rapid L. mono Orange background w/ green colonies Septicemia  Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem Erysipelothrix Pigs and humans Excreted by feces or oronasal Acute & subacute: In 50% of healthy Samples Oxidase E. rhusiopathiae secretions Septicemia pigs in the tonsils Alive- tonsil scrapings, Negative Abortion blood Transmission: Skin lesions Can contaminate Catalase ingestion of contaminated soil and water Post mortem- liver, Negative water and food spleen, heart valves, direct contact with pig synovial tissue, joints, Coagulase feces tonsils Positive Arthropod transmission Iatrogenic- contam. Gram needles Acute- rods Chronic- filaments Virulence factors: Chronic: Capsule Endocarditis Adheres to epithelial cells Polyarthritis Hyaluronidase and Skin lesions neuraminidase- allows invasion and cell destruction Blood agar Non hemolytic Macconkey No growth  Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem Bacillus Cattle, sheep, Produces endospores that Fever, cough, chills, Environment Conditions Oxidase B. anthracis carnivores, survive for 50 years in soil and shortness of breath, Aerobes or fac. Negative horses, pigs, tolerate desiccation, high shock, edema, anaerobes humans temps, chemical disinfectants. septicemia Catalase Become active inside the Samples positive animal- spread, exotoxins, and Local effects: Cadavers: multiply Tissue darkening Bloated ZN Edema & necrosis No rigor mortis Spores red, bact Anthrax toxin- cause cells to In blood stream: Dark unclotted blood blue release H20, causing necrosis Septicemia Mouth, nostril, anus and pulmonary edema Vascular perm. hemorrhage Extensive Transmission: hemorrhage Gram Inhalation- trigger an Shock Chains of blue rods immune response, Death engulfed by macroph. And infect blood stream GI- ingestion of infected meat Cutaneous- through wounds Injected Non enriched media Vector Methylene blue Blue rods and pink capsule Blood agar Non hemolytic Macconkey No growth  Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem Clostridium Produces endospores Muscular spasms Saprophytes- soil, Conditions Oxidase C. tetani freshwater, etc Anaerobic Negative C. botulinum Neurotoxic: CO2 C. septicum C. tetani- inhibits GABA, Normal in the Motile (except Catalase C. chauvoei blocking inhibitory signals, so intestines perfringens) negative C. perfringens Ach builds up (enteropathogenic) C. dificile Gram C. botulinum- inhibits Normal endospores Rods, sometimes neuromuscular transmission in muscle and liver containing endospores Histotoxic: Canned food C. septicum- exogenous through wounds or endogenous with abomasal spores C. perfringens C. chauvoei- endogenous with muscle spores (cattle), Flaccid paralysis exogenous through wounds (sheep) Enteropathogenic- pathogenic when there is an abrupt diet change or stress- can be absorbed into bloodstream and infect lungs C. perfringens C. dificile- alters enterocytes Non enriched media No growth Blood agar Double hemolysis Malignant edema, braxy, big head in young rams, gas gangrene Species Pathogenesis Effects Habitat Culture Biochem “Blackleg disease” Macconkey No growth Gas gangrene Pigs- necrotic enterocolitis Chickens- necrotic enteritis and gangrenous dermatitis Diarrhea, hemorrhages Diarrhea pulmonary edema caused if absorbed into bloodstream from GI tract Oxidase and catalase CAMP + ZN Most + & - Streptococcus + -&- Rhodococcus Mycobacterium Listeria Nocardia erispelothrix - clostridium Actinomyces Streptococcus Coagulase + Dermatophilus Bacillus Staphylococcus Hemolysis Erysipelothrix Yes Anaerobic Listeria Actinobaculum Staphylococcus aureus& Growth on non enriched media Clostridium pseudointermedius Streptococcus Staphylococcus Motile Corynebacterium Rhodococcus Dermatophilus- zoospores Dermatophilus Bacillus Listeria (at 25 degrees) Clostridium Clostridium Arcanobacterium Growth on Macconkey No Erysipelothrix Listeria Staphylococcus hyicus Erysipelothrix Mycobacterium Rhodococcus Actinomyces viscosus Nocardia Bacillus