FRHD Week 1 MC Questions - Part 2 PDF

**26. What does Bronfenbrenner's \'mesosystem\' refer to?**\ A) The broader societal and cultural influences\ B) The immediate environment, such as family and school\ C) Interactions between different parts of a person\'s microsystem\ D) Historical changes that affect development\ **Answer:** C **2...

**26. What does Bronfenbrenner's \'mesosystem\' refer to?**\ A) The broader societal and cultural influences\ B) The immediate environment, such as family and school\ C) Interactions between different parts of a person\'s microsystem\ D) Historical changes that affect development\ **Answer:** C **27. Piaget's formal operational stage is characterized by:**\ A) Symbolic thinking and egocentrism\ B) Logical thinking about concrete events\ C) Abstract and hypothetical reasoning\ D) Understanding the world through actions and senses\ **Answer:** C **28. Erikson\'s stage for adolescence is:**\ A) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt\ B) Initiative vs. Guilt\ C) Identity vs. Role Confusion\ D) Integrity vs. Despair\ **Answer:** C **29. The experimental method is used to:**\ A) Measure the strength of correlations between variables\ B) Observe participants in their natural environment\ C) Determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables\ D) Collect qualitative data through interviews\ **Answer:** C **30. The term \'epigenetic\' refers to:**\ A) The influence of genetics on development\ B) The impact of the environment on gene expression\ C) Inherited traits passed down through generations\ D) Social constructions of genetic identity\ **Answer:** B **31. Which of the following is an example of a critical period in development?**\ A) Learning to walk in infancy\ B) Development of limbs between 28 and 54 days after conception\ C) Learning social norms during adolescence\ D) Developing mathematical reasoning in middle childhood\ **Answer:** B **32. The Life-Span Perspective suggests that development:**\ A) Ceases after early adulthood\ B) Is predominantly determined by childhood experiences\ C) Occurs throughout the entire life, from birth to death\ D) Primarily happens during adolescence and young adulthood\ **Answer:** C **33. According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, the macrosystem includes:**\ A) Immediate family interactions\ B) Peer relationships in school\ C) Broader cultural and societal influences\ D) The interaction between family and school experiences\ **Answer:** C **34. In the concept of \'plasticity\' in human development, what is emphasized?**\ A) Genetic determination of behavior\ B) Fixed developmental stages\ C) The ability for traits to change due to experience while retaining some stability\ D) Complete unpredictability in developmental outcomes\ **Answer:** C **35. Freud's psychosexual stages emphasize development driven by:**\ A) Social interactions during childhood\ B) Unconscious desires and childhood experiences\ C) Learned behaviors through observation\ D) Genetic inheritance\ **Answer:** B **36. Guided participation, according to Vygotsky, involves:**\ A) Children learning on their own through exploration\ B) Children learning through structured school curriculums\ C) Active engagement with mentors who teach cultural knowledge and skills\ D) Watching peers to imitate their behaviors\ **Answer:** C **37. Social learning theory focuses on:**\ A) Conditioning responses to rewards and punishments\ B) Imitation of behaviors through observing others\ C) Cognitive development through stages\ D) Genetic predispositions that guide learning\ **Answer:** B **38. Which of the following combinations influences the onset of depression?**\ A) Genetic factors only\ B) Environmental stress and cultural expectations\ C) Genetic, environmental, and social factors combined\ D) Social interactions and physical health alone\ **Answer:** C **39. The dynamic-systems theory highlights:**\ A) The separation of physical and emotional development\ B) How interactions between biology and environment continuously shape development\ C) The predetermined nature of developmental stages\ D) The importance of formal education in shaping development\ **Answer:** B **40. Acculturation refers to:**\ A) The process of becoming fully immersed in a new culture while abandoning one\'s original culture\ B) The adaptation to a new culture while maintaining one\'s original cultural identity\ C) Rejecting both the new and original culture\ D) Full assimilation into a new cultural identity without retaining previous traditions\ **Answer:** B **41. In Piaget's theory, \'accommodation\' involves:**\ A) Incorporating new information into existing frameworks\ B) Using learned behaviors to solve new problems\ C) Adjusting existing cognitive frameworks to integrate new information\ D) Applying learned knowledge without adjustment\ **Answer:** C **42. Which of the following is a social construction rather than a biological concept?**\ A) Genetic inheritance\ B) Physical reflexes\ C) Racial categories\ D) Eye color\ **Answer:** C **43. Longitudinal research involves:**\ A) Comparing different age groups at a single point in time\ B) Studying the same individuals over an extended period to observe changes\ C) A one-time study of a large population\ D) Analyzing the impact of social factors on different generations\ **Answer:** B **44. In Maslow's hierarchy, which need must be fulfilled before esteem needs can be addressed?**\ A) Physiological needs\ B) Self-actualization\ C) Safety needs\ D) Love and belonging\ **Answer:** D **45. The \'difference-equals-deficit error\' is the assumption that:**\ A) A deviation from the norm is a sign of deficiency\ B) Biological differences lead to deficits in intelligence\ C) Variations in behavior are inconsequential\ D) Social inequality is unavoidable\ **Answer:** A **46. Cross-sequential research combines elements of which two approaches?**\ A) Longitudinal and cross-sectional research\ B) Experimental and observational studies\ C) Case studies and surveys\ D) Quantitative and qualitative research\ **Answer:** A **47. Which of the following is NOT an Eriksonian stage of psychosocial development?**\ A) Generativity vs. Stagnation\ B) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt\ C) Identity vs. Role Confusion\ D) Submission vs. Authority\ **Answer:** D **48. The Human Genome Project is significant for:**\ A) Creating a comprehensive understanding of cultural evolution\ B) Mapping all human genes and understanding their functions\ C) Linking human behavior solely to environmental factors\ D) Proposing the theory of epigenetics\ **Answer:** B **49. Pavlov's experiment with dogs salivating at the sound of a bell is an example of:**\ A) Operant conditioning\ B) Classical conditioning\ C) Social learning theory\ D) Positive reinforcement\ **Answer:** B **50. In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, the chronosystem refers to:**\ A) A child's immediate surroundings\ B) The influence of historical events and life transitions on development\ C) Interactions between different parts of the microsystem\ D) Cultural norms that shape individual behavior\ **Answer:** B **61. Emma, a 12-month-old infant, is starting to crawl and explore her surroundings but becomes distressed when her mother leaves the room. According to Bowlby's attachment theory, what type of attachment might Emma exhibit?**\ A) Secure attachment\ B) Insecure-avoidant attachment\ C) Insecure-resistant attachment\ D) Disorganized attachment\ **Answer:** A **62. Jason, a middle-aged man, spends a lot of his time mentoring younger employees at work and coaching his children's sports teams. According to Erikson's theory, which psychosocial stage is Jason likely in?**\ A) Integrity vs. Despair\ B) Intimacy vs. Isolation\ C) Generativity vs. Stagnation\ D) Identity vs. Role Confusion\ **Answer:** C **63. Chloe, a researcher, is conducting a longitudinal study on the effects of early childhood trauma. She is tracking a group of individuals from childhood into adulthood. What challenge might she face in her research?**\ A) Difficulty in obtaining data from different age groups\ B) The cost and time associated with long-term research\ C) Inability to compare different cultural contexts\ D) The need to manipulate variables in a controlled environment\ **Answer:** B **64. A child grows up in a bilingual home where both languages are spoken fluently. According to Vygotsky's theory of guided participation, how might this influence the child's language development?**\ A) The child will struggle to learn either language\ B) The child will rely on observational learning alone\ C) The child's language development will be enhanced through social interactions with family members\ D) The child will experience language development without the influence of culture\ **Answer:** C **65. A toddler, Kevin, quickly learns not to touch the hot stove after burning his hand. This behavior is most likely explained by which type of learning?**\ A) Social learning theory\ B) Classical conditioning\ C) Operant conditioning\ D) Epigenetic theory\ **Answer:** C **66. During a school observation, a teacher notices that one child is particularly sensitive to negative feedback, becoming upset more easily than his peers. This difference in response may be due to which concept in human development?**\ A) Social learning theory\ B) Differential sensitivity\ C) Ecological-systems theory\ D) Reinforcement\ **Answer:** B **67. A researcher studying children from various economic backgrounds finds that those from lower socioeconomic status (SES) households often start school with fewer academic skills. This finding supports the idea that development is influenced by which of the following?**\ A) The nature-nurture debate\ B) The critical period for language development\ C) Socioeconomic context\ D) Cultural deficit theory\ **Answer:** C **68. At the age of 65, Robert begins reflecting on his life, thinking about his accomplishments and the legacy he will leave behind. According to Erikson, which psychosocial stage is Robert experiencing?**\ A) Integrity vs. Despair\ B) Generativity vs. Stagnation\ C) Intimacy vs. Isolation\ D) Initiative vs. Guilt\ **Answer:** A **69. Six-year-old Ella has recently moved to a new country and is learning a new language at school. She is making fast progress and seems to enjoy the challenge. This rapid language learning is likely occurring because she is in which period?**\ A) Critical period\ B) Sensitive period\ C) Latency period\ D) Concrete operational period\ **Answer:** B **70. A researcher is studying how the loss of a parent during childhood impacts mental health over the lifespan. She follows the same group of individuals from age 10 to age 40. Which type of research method is the researcher using?**\ A) Cross-sectional research\ B) Case study\ C) Longitudinal research\ D) Experimental research\ **Answer:** C