Spanish Nouns PDF

Foreign Lang. Spanish L1: Sustantivos (Nouns) Sustantivos según el genero según el numero según como se escribe (gender)...

Foreign Lang. Spanish L1: Sustantivos (Nouns) Sustantivos según el genero según el numero según como se escribe (gender) (number/amount) (Type of Noun) V V V Masculino Feminino Singular Plural Propio Común (Masculine) (Feminine) (1) (2+) (en mayuscula) (en minúscula) gato (cat) gata gato/gata gatos/gatas Garfield (name) gato ligero (light) ligera ligero/ra luces Omni (brand) ligero/ra Nouns with gendered forms for professions, titles, or Genero roles: Ejemplo: actor (actor) → actriz (actress), príncipe (prince) 1. Gender-obvious → princesa (princess). clearly indicate their gender by their meaning or ending: 3. Gender-ending Nouns Masculino Some nouns retain the same form regardless of gender, Usually refer to male beings. with their gender indicated by the article: Ejemplo: hombre (man), rey (king), toro (bull). Nouns ending in -e or a consonant: Feminino Ejemplo: estudiante (student): el estudiante (male), la estudiante (female). Usually refer to female beings. Ejemplo: joven (young person): el joven (male), la joven Ejemplo: mujer (woman), reina (queen), vaca (cow). (female). 2. Gender-changing These nouns have different forms for masculine and Numero feminine, often by changing their ending: Rules for forming plurals: Add -s if the noun ends in a vowel: libro → libros Masculine and feminine, often by changing their Add -es if the noun ends in a consonant: flor → flores ending: If it ends in -z, change z to c and add -es: luz → luces Ejemplo: niño (boy) → niña (girl), gato (male cat) → gata (female cat). Yara Kamilah A. Pinat 12-Bl. Frassati  Tipo de Sustantivos L2: Marcadores de Propio (Proper Nouns) Sustantivos These refer to specific names of people, places, organizations, or things. They are always capitalized. Marcadores (Noun Markers) Examples: Noun markers are words or grammatical -María elements that help identify, delimit or specify -España nouns within a sentence. These markers vary by -Madrid language, but in Spanish they include the -Google following: Común (Common Nouns) Articulos These refer to general items, concepts, or accompany the noun and indicate gender and categories, and are not capitalized unless they start number. a sentence. Articulos Definidos Examples: singular el/la (the) -libro (book) Ejemplo: el Chico, la chica, el hermano -perro (dog) plural los/las (the) -ciudad (city) Ejemplo: las chicas, los chicos, los hermanos -empresa (company) Articulos Indefinidos singular un/una (a or an) Abstract Nouns Ejemplo: un coche, una casa, un tren These refer to intangible concepts, qualities, or plural unos/unas (a or an) states that cannot be perceived with the senses. Ejemplo: unas casas Examples: -amor (love) -felicidad (happiness) Adjetivos Determinativos -libertad (freedom) Adjetivos Demonstrativos -justicia (justice) Singular: este, esta (this) Plural: estos, estas, (these) Concrete Nouns Ejemplo: Estos son mis gatos. (These are my cats.) These refer to tangible things that can be perceived with the senses (seen, touched, heard, Singular: ese, esa, (that) etc.). Plural: esos, esas, (those) Examples: Ejemplo: Ese bolígrafo es mío. (That pen is mine.) -mesa (table) -flor (flower) Singular: aquel, aquella (that) -sonido (sound) Plural: aquellos, aquellas (those) -manzana (apple) Ejemplo: Aquellas chicas son mi amigas. (Those girls are my friends.) Adjetivos Calificativos 1.) Comparativos -It compares the quality between two elements. They are classified as: Yara Kamilah A. Pinat 12-Bl. Frassati  a.) Of Superiority Persona Singular: Plural: Más + adjetivo + que.. Primera Yo (I) Nosotros/tras (we) Ejemplo: Luis es más alto que Pedro. (Luis is taller than Pedro.) Segunda Tú (you, Vosotros/tras (you informal) all, informal) b.) Of Equality Así + adjetivo + como. Usted (you, Ustedes (you all, Ejemplo: Ana es tan inteligente como Marta. (Ana is formal) formal) as intelligent as Marta.) c.) Of Inferiority Tercera Él (He) Ellos (they) Menos + adjetivo + que Ella (Her) Ellas (they) Ejemplo: El coche es menos rápido que la moto. (The car is less fast than the motorcycle.) Rules: 2.) Superlativos 1.) Use Nosotros if all male or mixed -It expresses the quality in its highest degree. They 2.) Use Nosotras if all female are classified as: 3.) Same rules apply to Vosotros/tras and a.) Relative Ellos/Ellas Within a group or context. Ejemplo: Juan es el más fuerte del equipo (Juan is the strongest of the team.) L3: Conjugacion b.) Absolute Independent of any comparison. Ejemplo: Esta película es buenísima. (It is formed by adding “- Conjugacion de los Verbos ísimo/a” or using “muy”). Regulares 3.) Posesivos Words that indicate possession or ownership Ej.: (comer, Comemos Ejemplo: Mi hermano, nuestras casas. (My brother, Coméis Comen Comes Como Come to eat) our houses.) Singular: Plural: —mi, (my) —mis, (my) —tu, (your; informal) —tus, (you; informal) —su, (his, her, your) —sus, (his, her, your) Hablamos Ej.: (hablar, Habláis Hablan Hablas Habla Hablo to speak) —nuestro/a, (our) —nuestros/as, (our) —vuestro/a, (your; —vuestros/as. (your; informal) informal) 4.) Pronombres Personales (Personal Pronouns) Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Pronombres Nosotros/tras words that replace the noun and refer to the Vosotros/tras Él/Ella/Usted persons, objects or animals involved in an Yo Tú action or situation. In Spanish, they are classified according to their grammatical function, number (singular/plural) and person (first, second or third). Pronoun They indicate who performs the action: He/She of subj. They You You We I Yara Kamilah A. Pinat 12-Bl. Frassati