Physical Education in Germany & Other Countries PDF

FINALS REVIEWER *Pommel horse - was used for leg-swinging exercises and for vaulting. FIRST BATCH *Balance beams, horizontal bars, climbing ropes...

FINALS REVIEWER *Pommel horse - was used for leg-swinging exercises and for vaulting. FIRST BATCH *Balance beams, horizontal bars, climbing ropes, and climbing poles - were also found at the Turnplatz. Physical Education in Germany Johann Bernhard Basedow - Established a school called Philanthropinum, the first school in Modern Europe that offered a program where Adolf Spiess physical education was a part of the curriculum. - Founder of school gymnastics in Germany. - use of realistic teaching methods - Helped to make PE a part of school life. - end to physical punishment - "Physical education should be required of all students." - pragmatic approach of teaching. - He stressed modern rather classical languages, Physical Education in Sweden teaching them through conversation and games. Per Henrik Ling What is Philanthropinum? - Symbolic of the rise of PE in Sweden. - A school founded in Dessau, Germany aiming to foster in its students a humanitarian worldview and awareness - Strove to make PE a science of the community of interest among all people, it taught rich and poor boys together regardless of religious or - Established the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics: class distinctions. educational, military, or medical. Johann Christoph Friedrich Guts Muths - His objective of PE was to develop the body to its fullest extent, to restore health to the weak, and to - Wrote two books, "Gymnastics for the Young and make the country strong against aggressors. Games," which contained illustrations of various exercises and apparatus, arguments in favor of physical - The prime developer of natural gymnastics. education institutions. *1813 - Ling founded a teacher-training center, the - one of the founder of Modern PE in Germany. Royal Gymnastics Central Institute in Stockholm. - the grandfather of Modern gymnastics *Calisthenics - are attributed to him, including the free calisthenics that is exercise without the use of hand - two main divisions of gymnastic : natural and artificial apparatus such as dumbbells and barbells. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn * floor exercise - free calisthenics have evolved into the competitive sport now known as floor exercise. - Associated with the Turnvereins, an association of gymnasts, which he inaugurated to help German youth into strong and hardy citizens. Lars Gabriel Branting - Instilled in the youth a love for gymnastics because of his belief that PE is a means of aiding the growth and - Spent his time in medical gymnastics. development of children, and that the country could be - His teachings were based on the premise that physical made strong through PE. activity causes changes in muscular, nervous, and - The father of gymnastics. circulatory systems. * Turnplatz - outdoor playground Gustaf Nybelus *Hasenheide -rabbit field on the outskirts of Berlin. - Specialized in military gymnastics. *Ernst Eiselen - Jahn's assistant and the coauthor of The - His innovation is the inclusion of women in the school. German Gymnastic Art, carefully noted and explained the various exercises developed on the playground. Physical Education in Denmark SECOND BATCH PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES Franz Nachtegall Pre-Spanish Period: - Introduced physical education into the schools of Denmark. - Physical activities were necessary for existence. - First Director of a Training School for Teachers of - Cockfighting, introduced by the Malays and Gymnastics Army. considered a favorite sport, was popular. - Director of Gymnastics for all in Denmark. - Dancing was a religious activity with several purposes and officiated by a priest or a priestess. War dances were performed. Neils Bukh - Bathing and swimming were important parts in the - Introduced "Primitive Gymnastics." lives of the natives. - Attempted to build the perfect physique through a series of exercises that were performed without Spanish Period: cessation of movement. - Cockfighting continued to be a favorite sport and found its way to the other places in the archipelago. Physical Education in G. Britain - Dancing became a major activity enjoyed by the people. Great Britain is known as the home of outdoor sports - Ceremonial dances were performed during religious which utilized a program of organized games and sports. activities. The English youth engaged in physical activities as early - The Fandango, the Jota, the Curacha of Spain; the as the time of Henry II, such as wrestling, throwing, Polka, and Mazurka of Central Europe; and the Lanceros riding, fishing, hunting, swimming, rowing, skating, and Rigodon of France were introduced by the shooting the bow and arrow. The athletic sports played conquistadors to lure the Filipinos to be converted to were the following: Christianity. - Hockey – early as the 15th century. - Tennis – as early as 1300. American Period: Time Frame: - Golf – as early as 1600. - 1901 - Physical exercise was one of the subjects - Cricket – as early as 1700. introduced in the public schools, and a regular program of athletics was developed. - Football – one of the oldest of English National Sports. - 1905 - Baseball and track and field were introduced and taught to young boys. Archibald Maclaren - 1909 - Athletic program for the schools emphasized - Devised a system of physical education for the British the playing of western sports and coaching of tennis. Army. - 1910 - Basketball was first introduced as a game for - His works or books pointed out that the objectives of young girls at the Carnival Meet held in Manila but was PE should consider health as more important than later discontinued in 1914 because it was found very strength; that PE should be organized and administered strenuous for the girls. Later, indoor baseball, tennis, effectively so that all potentialities will be realized. and volleyball were introduced. - 1911 - The "Athletic Handbook" was published by the Bureau of Education.  - January, 1911 - the Philippine Amateur Athletic based on the Program for Decentralized Educational Federation (PAAF) was organized to control amateur Development (PRODED). sports in the Philippines. - The 1989 Secondary Education Development Program - 1914 - In cognizant to the implementation of the (SEDP) is a response to continue pupil development "play for everybody" policy of the Bureau of Education, started by the Program for Decentralized Educational the Teacher's Vacation Assembly started in Manila. Development in 1982. - March 5, 1919 - A syllabus entitled "Physical - The Philippine Sports Commission (PSC) was created Education, A Manual for Teachers" was published as a through Republic Act No. 6847 in 1990 to serve as the result of the plan in 1918. "sole policy-making and coordinating body of all amateur sports development programs and instructions - 1920 - Physical Education was made a required in the Philippines." subject in all public schools. - THE PHILIPPINE OLYMPIC COMMITTEE: The Philippine - 1928 - A Summer School for Coaching was opened by Olympic Committee, the umbrella organization of all the Office of the National Physical Education Director in national sports associations (NSAs), is affiliated with the cooperation with the Bureau of Education to help the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is recognized public schoolteachers who are in charge of athletics to in the PSC Charter as the National Olympic Committee improve their coaching methods. (NOC) for the Philippines. It is a private organization and - 1937 - Physical Education was made a curricular autonomous in character, similar to its accredited and subject in the secondary schools where the grade was affiliated sports organizations. not only based on attendance but in proficiency in skills - THE NATIONAL SPORTS ASSOCIATIONS: The National as well. The grade was included in the computation of Sports Associations which are autonomous in character the general average. have exclusive technical control over the promotion and - 1939 - Women's track and field was added in the development of the particular sport for which they are program of the National Inter-Scholastics. organized. - Philippine Participation in the Olympics (1924 - 2000):The Philippines was represented for the first time Japanese Period: in the World Olympics. It was a two-man delegation sent - The Japanese Military Administration obliged all by the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation in the public schools to perform daily calisthenics on air called 1924 VIIIth Olympiad in Paris. the Radio Taiso, where Japanese instructors were provided. The demonstration of the exercise was held in Luneta. - THE ASIAN GAMES: The Asian Games are held for the purpose of developing intercultural knowledge and - 1948 to 1952 - Under the joint sponsorship of the friendship within Asia. The member countries and PAAF and Department of Education, The National regions affiliated to the Olympic Council of Asia College of Physical Education conducted a Summer participate in this multi-sports event. The Games are school of Physical Education held at the Rizal Memorial held every four years in between the Olympic Games. Field. In 1953, PAAF took the sponsorship alone. - THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN GAMES: The South East Asian - The Schools Physical education and Sports Act of Games were known as the South East Asian Peninsular 1969 provided program of activities that included among Games until 1975. When SEAP Games Federation others a program of health education and nutrition. accepted Indonesia and the Philippines as members, the - The Physical education Program in the Elementary name was then changed to South East Asian (SEA) was revised in 1971 to comprise the activities such as Games. Its aim is to promote cooperation, the Testing Programs, rhythmic activities, games, relays understanding, and good relations among countries in and athletic team games, swimming, and physical the region. education for children needing attention. - The ASEAN Para Games - is a biannual multi-event held - The Revised Secondary School Program is contained after every Southeast Asian Games for athletes with in the Department Order No. 20, s. 1973. physical disabilities. Patterned after the Paralympics, they include the mobility, disabilities, amputees, visual - In MEC Order No. 6, s. 1982, the New Elementary disabilities, and those with cerebral palsy. The Para School Curriculum (NBSC) reflected directions for change Games is under the regulation of the ASEAN Para Sports Federation (APSF). The games are hosted by the same country where the SEA Games took place.