Physical Education History

Study Notes

Pommel horse used for leg-swinging exercises and vaulting.
Turnplatz featured balance beams, horizontal bars, climbing ropes, and climbing poles.
Johann Bernhard Basedow founded Philanthropinum, integrating physical education into school curriculum.
Adolf Spiess initiated school gymnastics in Germany, ending physical punishment and promoting pragmatic teaching methods. Advocated for compulsory physical education.
Johann Christoph Friedrich Guts Muths authored "Gymnastics for the Young and Games," promoting natural gymnastics and physical education institutions.

Per Henrik Ling established the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics, aimed at making PE a science.
Ling emphasized the physical development of individuals and introduced calisthenics, leading to modern floor exercises.
Lars Gabriel Branting focused on medical gymnastics, asserting physical activity positively affects muscular and circulatory systems.

Franz Nachtegall introduced physical education in Danish schools, emphasizing gymnastics.
Neils Bukh promoted "Primitive Gymnastics," aiming for perfect physique through uninterrupted movement exercises.

Pre-Spanish period activities included cockfighting, dancing, and war dances performed by natives for religious purposes.
Spanish period introduced various sports like cockfighting and dancing, influenced by conquistadors.
American period saw physical education introduced in public schools with a structured athletic program, including basketball, baseball, and track and field from 1901 to 1919.

Establishment of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation (PAAF) in 1911 to regulate amateur sports.
Physical education became a required subject in 1920 for public schools and curricular in secondary schools by 1937.
The National Physical Education College conducted a Summer School of Physical Education under the PAAF from 1948 to 1952.
Introduction of daily calisthenics called Radio Taiso during the Japanese period.

The Philippine Olympic Committee serves as the national governing body for amateur sports and is affiliated with the International Olympic Committee.
The Asian Games promote intercultural knowledge among Asian countries, occurring every four years.
Southeast Asian Games foster cooperation and understanding among participating countries, established under the SEAP Games Federation in 1975.
ASEAN Para Games host athletes with physical disabilities and occur after SEA Games, regulated by the ASEAN Para Sports Federation.