Female Reproductive System PDF

Female Reproductive System  Ovary Function: production of ova &production of female sex hormone. Histological Structure: Each ovary has a thick outer zone; cortex which surrounds an inner part; medulla. The medulla is formed of fibroelastic C.T. with abundant blood vessels&...

Female Reproductive System  Ovary Function: production of ova &production of female sex hormone. Histological Structure: Each ovary has a thick outer zone; cortex which surrounds an inner part; medulla. The medulla is formed of fibroelastic C.T. with abundant blood vessels& some smooth muscle fibers..  Ovarian Cortex The surface of the ovary is covered by germinal epithelium. The ovarian cortex consists of ovarian follicles in various stages of development, in a dense stroma. Ovarian follicles include primordial, primary, secondary& mature follicles. Ovarian Follicles  1- Primordial Follicle consists of primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flat follicular cells.  2- Primary Follicle The follicular cells are cuboidal then transformed to stratified epithelium. The cells are called granulosa cells. The ovum is surrounded by a thick membrane (zona pellucida).  3- Secondary Follicle Several intercellular spaces develop within the granulosa cells &filled with a fluid (liquor folliculi). The stromal cells around the follicle condense to form theca cells  4- Mature Graafian Follicle The cavities unite to form one cavity called follicular antrum. When the follicle reaches its maximum size, it occupies the whole thickness of the cortex. Cells which surround the ovum & anchor it to one side are called cumulus oophorus. Ovulation is the hormone- stimulated process by which the oocyte is released from the ovary occurs midway through the menstrual cycle.  Corpus Luteum After ovulation &rupture of the mature graafian follicle it changed into corpus luteum  Uterus The wall of the uterus is composed of: 1- Endometrium. 2- Myometrium. 3- Perimetrium.  I- Endometrium -It is composed of epithelium & lamina propria. -Epithelium is composed of simple columnar epithelium, partially ciliated &partially secretory. -Lamina propria: dense collagenous C.T. containing several cells &fibers. It contains endometrial glands. -The endometrium consists of 2 layers: 1. Functional layer: is a thick superficial layer that is sloughed at menestruation. 2. Basal layer: is a deep narrow layer where glands &C.T. proliferate to regenerate the functional layer each menstrual cycle. II- Myometrium It is a thick muscle layer composed of interlacing bundles arranged in ill-defined layers. It is highly vascularized. III- Perimetrium The uterus is covered by a serosa composed of squamous cells resting on a C.T.