CPAR Study Guide PDF

What is Art? Tawhid – unity of God, emphasizes the Something that is created with imagination and skill impermanence of nature and the incomprehensible and that is beautiful or that expresses important greatness of divine being.(the one...

What is Art? Tawhid – unity of God, emphasizes the Something that is created with imagination and skill impermanence of nature and the incomprehensible and that is beautiful or that expresses important greatness of divine being.(the oneness of God, in the ideas or feelings. sense that he is one and there is no god but he) The expression or appreciation of human creative Islam rejects the direct copying of images in nature. skill and imagination. Ukkil/Okir – curvilinear and flowing forms in Islamic arts Etymology of Art The term “art” is related to the Latin word “ars” Retablo – decorative altar niche in a church meaning, art, skill, or craft. The first known use of the Via Crucis – series of 14 paintings or relief word comes from 13th-century manuscripts. sculptures depicting Christ’s crucifixion and However, the word art and its many variants resurrection (artem, eart, etc.) have probably existed since the Pasyon/Pabasa – biblical narration of Christ’s founding of Rome. passion chanted in an improvised melody. Zarzuela/Sarsuwela – operetta which features Philosophy of Art singing and dancing interspersed with prose dialogue which allowed the story to be carried out in song. Art as Representation or Mimesis Senakulo – passion play, narrative was culled Plato first developed the idea of art as “mimesis,” entirely from the biblical account of Christ’s passion which, in Greek, means copying or imitation. For this and death on the cross, adapted into verse from and reason, the primary meaning of art was, for centuries, translated to local language. defined as the representation or replication of Komedya – depicts the conflict between Muslims something that is beautiful or meaningful. and Christians Komedya de Santo - centers on the life of Christ or Art as Form of any saint Art should not have a concept but should be judged Secular Komedya – Example: Moro-moro, a typical only on its formal qualities because the content of a moro-moro story would usually involve a love story work of art is not of aesthetic interest. Formal between a Christian hero and an Islamic heroine or qualities became particularly important when art vice versa. became more abstract in the 20th century, and the Doctrina Christiana – printed in 1593 in Spanish principles of art and design (balance, rhythm, and Tagalog by Dominican priests, first printed book harmony, unity) were used to define and assess art. in the Philippines, compilation of song lyrics, commandments, sacraments, and other catechetical Art as Expression of Emotional Content material Artists look to connect with and evoke responses from their viewers. Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas – first scientific map of the Philippines, surrounding the map are vignettes of Contemporary Art everyday life that focus on different types of people and their surroundings called tipos del pais. Defined as art produced by artists living today. CONTEXT OF ARTS Artist’s Background Pre-Colonial Art Period The artist’s age, gender, culture, economic conditions, social environment, and disposition affect In art historical terms, we refer before the coming of art production. the first colonizer as “pre-conquest”. In stylistic terms, we refer to it as “indigenous” to Nature emphasize the idea that our ancestors have been Nature can be seen as a source of inspiration and making art even before colonization. wellspring of many art production. In cultural term, we refer to it as “pre-colonial” to use as a general way of life before colonization. Everyday Life Was there “art” before colonization? The sense of touch, taste and smell are engaged along with the visual sense. Our traditional art has Pre-colonial Filipinos have been making images always been an integral part of daily life. before colonization. This exemplified by the country’s rich tradition in carving. PERFORMING ARTS Some of the most ancient forms are made out of terracotta. Theater Terracotta - commonly used term for a type of Theater has several meanings. First,it denotes a natural plastic clay that hardens when dried. building in which peroformance is held with an audience and this sense the term refers to physical The tendency toward ornamentation could be also space. seen in the way early Filipinos adorned their bodies. Boxer Codex – representations of various AUDIENCE ethnolinguistic groups The essence of theater is the interaction between the Aside from its aesthetic function, tattoos were valued performer and the audience. Theater needs to be because it was believed to protect the individual from experienced live, and the audience provide evil spirits, and in some cases, it was considered as immediate feedback to the performers. a badge of maturity and bravery. PERFORMERS These are the people onstage presenting characters POPULAR MUSIC and JAZZ in dramatic action. Acting is at the heart of the theater. Popular music emerged as a result of the introduction of jazz and vaudeville by the Americans, as well as other forms of entertainment. DIRECTOR The director makes certain that the performers Rock and roll understand the text and deliver the script excitingly and appropriately. The director also makes sure the A genre began in the United States, drawing blocking, costume design, set designs, and other influences from jazz,blues ,gospel, and boogie- aspects of the show blend together to make a woogie. The Filipinos did not compose its own music production that works. at first but instead copied the singing styles of the American performers, like Eddie Mesa who was the TEXT/SCRIPT Elvis Presley of the Philippines. It is the blueprint for the production and performance. Pasyon The play right creates the text, which follows a dramatic structure. The pasyon is the chanting of verses on the passion and death of Jesus Christ every Lenten period by THEATER SPACE Filipino Catholics. The styles and melodic formulas It is the space in which performers or audiences vary in every town, province, and region. The pasyon come together. It is essential to have a stage or usually lasts overnight as the entire book is sung. some equivalent area, where actors and actresses can perform. DANCE Design ELEMENTS Dance is a kinetic art form that uses the body, space, These includes scenery, costumes, music, sound, and formation in order to express a message or lighting, and other effects that contribute to the produce an aesthetic condition. performance. Ballet is a highly technical, performative dance form that follows a rigid set of criteria. characterized by a focus on arm movement and positioning (port de MUSIC bras), lower body movement (turnout), and posture (alignment), resulting in a light and airy movement. Music is an tangible art form that is expressed through sound. It’s main media are separated into Modern Dance and Theater two categories, namely vocal and instrumental media, the former referring to sound produce using crafted Modern dance as a performative form reverses the instrument that produce different sounds depending rigidity of classical ballet, and is characterized by on the method of use. more freeform movements, stemming from the dancer's own emotions and invented routines. CLASSICAL MUSIC Social Dance Usually heard in in concert halls and auditoriums and have been composed by musicians who have had Social dances are dances performed in halls during formal training in music. Classical music may be birthdays, anniversaries, and other social occasions. performed outdoors but still within the context of They are usually formal and involve the young ladies concerts to be listen to by, an audience. and gentries of a community SEMI-CLASSICAL MUSIC Rigodon de honor Semi-Classical Music may be heard in different Rigodon de honor The rigodon de honor is a formal places- outdoors, at different programs and social square dance with strict figurative movements and gatherings ,and other less formal settings that are formations usually designed for entertainment. Ballroom dancing Band Music Ballroom dancing is usually done by a couple in Characterized by mostly using wind and percussion different dance duets, like the tango and the waltz. instruments. Originating from the millitary garrison,the band played for peoples’s Folk and Indigenous Dances parrades,religious processions,as well as accompaniment to the komedya. Many Folk dances are dances that have been created by hyms,patriotic songs,and marches including the country folks, mostly those that have been Philippine National Anthem were composed for the Christianized. band Rondalla SAYAW SA BANGKO Derived from the Spanish comparsa and estudiantina The sayaw sa bangko is danced on top of a long ( a band of students going around to serenade). The wooden stool, where the man and woman show off Filipino rondalla is amde up of plucked string their balance as they cavort around without falling. instruments of different sizes. To make this dance more exciting, they put several stools on top of one another for the dancers to dance on. JOTABAL The jota is a dance in three-four time, so that it is likened to a fast waltz. There are many jotas in the Philippines, like the Jota Moncadeña from Tarlac which uses bamboo castanets clicking to the rhythm of the music. PANDANGO SA ILAW The pandango is a dance is set to the rhythm of six- eight or three-fourth from the Spanish fandango, which means "to go and dance." The pandango is a courtship dance that is executed with different objects that partly define its variations. SINGKIL The singkil is a Muslim dance where the princess is the main dancer. She traverses along two pairs of bamboo with great dignity, while an attendant holds a parasol on top of her head SUBLI Subli is a dance form from Batangas that consists of a merry musical accompaniment played by the rondalla to a group of ladies with hats and young men who perform vigorous flirtatious movements. PANGALAY Among the Tausug and Samal, the pangalay or igal has become symbolic of the dances in the Sulu- Tawi-tawi archipelago. The pangalay is danced by both men and women with intricate movements on both the feet and the hands. SAKUTING With influence from the Chinese, the sakuting is an Ilocano dance which is performed with sticks held by both hands and beaten against each other at different positions.