CHEM 1601 Fall 2024 Exam 2 Review Sheet PDF

CHEM 1601 Fall 2024 – Exam 2 Review Sheet Exam 2 will cover early material from Section 4.05 through 6.04 ***Note: CHEM 1601 topics build upon themselves, so there is material from Exam 1 (Ch 1-4) that you should still know how to do, including calcu...

CHEM 1601 Fall 2024 – Exam 2 Review Sheet Exam 2 will cover early material from Section 4.05 through 6.04 ***Note: CHEM 1601 topics build upon themselves, so there is material from Exam 1 (Ch 1-4) that you should still know how to do, including calculating molar mass, naming compounds, trends in atoms, etc. We will not explicitly tell you what from past material is on the exam, just be aware that cumulative problems are possible.*** Terms and concepts to know and understand: Chapter 4: Wavefunction(y) Probability Density (y2) radial probability density node radial node angular node Quantum numbers The Principal Quantum Number orbital angular momentum quantum number magnetic quantum number shell subshell orbital magnetic spin quantum number electron configuration Aufbau Principle Pauli Exclusion Principle Hund’s Rule degeneracy effective nuclear charge ground state Excited state valence electrons core electrons isoelectronic diamagnetic paramagnetic Periodic Trends atomic radii ionic radii ionization energy electron affinity Metallic Character Chapter 5: Bond order Lewis Structure octet rule resonance contributor delocalized dipole moment (µ) electronegativity Formal charge covalent bond ionic bond ionic character polar covalent bond non-polar covalent bond Radical single bond double bond triple bond organic molecules functional groups Chapter 6: VSEPR Theory Electron domains (or steric number) Electron domain geometry molecular geometry geometry names bond angles found in geometries changes to bond angles due to lone pairs or double bonds axial position equatorial position Equations you should be able to use (and should know): 𝝁 = 𝒒 × 𝒓 or 𝝁 = 𝜹 × 𝒓 where you will not use these for calculations, but will use relationally. Things you should be able to do: (This is an approximation of all that is required. Please consult your notes, Aktiv, Discussion problem sets, and Optional Problem Sets for all problem types that are possible.) 1. Know how to locate nodes in orbitals, including radial and angular nodes. 2. Relate radial probability density to orbital energy and penetration. 3. Calculate effective nuclear charge (Zeff) for atoms on the periodic table. 4. Understand how the quantum numbers are related and what they represent. 5. Know the allowed values of the quantum numbers. 6. Understand how shielding and penetration impact the energies of orbitals of multielectron atoms. 7. Be able to write or interpret ground-state electron configurations in long form or short-hand, Noble Gas form for the elements of the Periodic Table. 1 CHEM 1601 Fall 2024 – Exam 2 Review Sheet 8. Know the exceptions to ground-state electron configurations for Cr, Mo, Cu, and Ag. 9. Be able to identify valence and core electrons. 10. Understand how to apply the Aufbau Principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund’s Rule to electron configurations, quantum numbers, and orbital filling. 11. Be able to identify if an element is paramagnetic or diamagnetic. 12. Be able to identify if ions and atoms are isoelectronic. 13. Understand the trends: atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization energy (IE1, IE2, etc.), electron affinity, and metallic character. 14. Be able to make predictions utilizing the trends. 15. Be able to draw best Lewis Structures (2D). 16. Be able to find the formal charge of an atom in a Lewis structure. 17. Be able to draw resonance contributors and recognize which resonance contributors are significant. 18. Distinguish between equivalent and inequivalent resonance contributors. 19. Know what a resonance structure is relative to the resonance contributors. 20. Be able to identify non-polar and polar-covalent bonds, as well as ionic bonds using electronegativity trends or values. (You do not need to memorize the values, but you must know the trends.) 21. Relate DEN to the dipole moment of the bond in a molecule or in a simple diatomic molecule. 22. Be able to identify the molecular formula of an organic compound from a line-bond structure. 23. Be able to identify the functional groups: alkene, alkyne, aromatic ring (arene, or aryl), alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, amide, amine 24. Be able to take a 2D Lewis structure and determine the 3D electron group geometry, molecular geometry, and bond angles. 25. Be able to determine the impact of any lone pairs present, or inequivalent atoms/bonds on the bond angles in a structure. 2