EST I - Literacy 2 - December 2021.pdf

EST I – Literacy Test II Student’s Name _____________________________________ National ID _____________________________________ Test Center: _____________________________________ Duration: 65 minutes 52 Multiple Choice Questions Instructions: -...

EST I – Literacy Test II Student’s Name _____________________________________ National ID _____________________________________ Test Center: _____________________________________ Duration: 65 minutes 52 Multiple Choice Questions Instructions: - Place your answer on the answer sheet. Mark only one answer for each of the multiple choice questions. - Avoid guessing. Your answers should reflect your overall understanding of the subject matter.  The following edited passage is an asked with a kind of leer. I told him I excerpt from Treasure Island by Robert 45 did not know his mate Bill, and this was Louis Stevenson introducing the pirates. for a person who stayed in our house whom we called the captain. It was not very long after this that there occurred the first of the mysterious “Well,” said he, “my mate Bill would be events that rid us at last of the captain, called the captain, as like as not. He has though not, as you will see, of his 50 a cut on one cheek and a mighty 5 affairs. It was a bitter cold winter, with pleasant way with him, particularly in long, hard frosts and heavy gales; and it drink, has my mate Bill. We’ll put it, for was plain from the first that my poor argument like, that your captain has a father was little likely to see the spring. cut on one cheek—and we’ll put it, if He sank daily, and my mother and I had 55 you like, that that cheek’s the right one. 10 all the inn upon our hands, and were Ah, well! I told you. Now, is my mate kept busy enough without paying much Bill in this here house?” I told him he regard to our unpleasant guest. It was was out walking. “Which way, sonny? one January morning, very early—a Which way is he gone?” pinching, frosty morning—the cove all 15 grey with hoar-frost, the ripple lapping 60 And when I had pointed out the rock softly on the stones, the sun still low and and told him how the captain was likely only touching the hilltops and shining to return, “Ah,” said he, “this’ll be as far to seaward. The captain had risen good as drink to my mate Bill.” earlier than usual and set out down the 20 beach, his cutlass swinging under the The expression of his face as he said broad skirts of the old blue coat, his 65 these words was not at all pleasant, and brass telescope under his arm, his hat I had my own reasons for thinking that tilted back upon his head. the stranger was mistaken, even supposing he meant what he said. But it Well, mother was upstairs with father was no affair of mine, I thought; and 25 and I was laying the breakfast-table 70 besides, it was difficult to know what to against the captain’s return when the do. The stranger kept hanging about just parlour door opened and a man stepped inside the inn door, peering round the in on whom I had never set my eyes corner like a cat waiting for a mouse. “I before. He was a pale, tallowy creature, have a son of my own,” said he, “as like 30 wanting two fingers of the left hand, and 75 you as two blocks, and he’s all the pride though he wore a cutlass, he did not of my ’art. But the great thing for boys look much like a fighter. He was not is discipline, sonny—discipline. Now, if sailorly, and yet he had a smack of the you had sailed along of Bill, you sea about him too. wouldn’t have stood there to be spoke to 80 twice—not you. That was never Bill’s 35 I asked him what was for his service, way, nor the way of such as sailed with and he said he would take soda; but as I him. And here, sure enough, is my mate was going out of the room to fetch it, he Bill, with a spy-glass under his arm, sat down upon a table and motioned me bless his old ’art, to be sure. You and to draw near. I paused where I was, with 85 me’ll just go back into the parlour, 40 my napkin in my hand. sonny, and get behind the door, and we’ll give Bill a little surprise—bless “Come here, sonny,” says he. “Come his ’art, I say again.” nearer here.” I took a step nearer. “Is this here table for my mate Bill?” he 2 September 2021  So saying, the stranger backed along 2. As used in line 30, “wanting” 90 with me into the parlour and put me most nearly means behind him in the corner so that we A. desiring. were both hidden by the open door. I B. hoping. was very uneasy and alarmed, as you C. needing. may fancy, and it rather added to my D. lacking. 95 fears to observe that the stranger was certainly frightened himself. He cleared 3. Which of the following can be the hilt of his cutlass and loosened the assumed of Black Dog? blade in the sheath; and all the time we A. He has bad intentions for were waiting there he kept swallowing meeting the captain. 100 as if he felt what we used to call a lump B. He has never been to that in the throat. parlour before. C. He enjoys playing tricks on At last in strode the captain, slammed people. the door behind him, without looking to D. He has a very easy-going the right or left, and marched straight character. 105 across the room to where his breakfast awaited him. “Bill,” said the stranger in 4. Which choice best provides a voice that I thought he had tried to evidence for the answer to the make bold and big. The captain spun previous question? round on his heel and fronted us; all the A. Lines 29-32 (“He … 110 brown had gone out of his face, and fighter.”) even his nose was blue; he had the look B. Lines 35-36 (“I … soda;”) of a man who sees a ghost, or the evil C. Lines 71-73 (“The … one, or something worse, if anything mouse.”) can be; and upon my word, I felt sorry D. Lines 117-119 (“ ‘Come … 115 to see him all in a moment turn so old stranger.”) and sick. 5. Which of the following best “Come, Bill, you know me; you know describes the narrator? an old shipmate, Bill, surely,” said the A. courageous and brave stranger. The captain made a sort of B. naïve and compliant 120 gasp. “Black Dog!” said he. C. otherworldly and strange D. timid and benevolent “And who else?” returned the other, 6. Which of the following best getting more at his ease. “Black Dog as describes the relationship ever was, come for to see his old between the first paragraph and shipmate Billy, at the Admiral Benbow the rest of the passage? 125 inn. Ah, Bill, Bill, we have seen a sight of times, us two, since I lost them two A. Main events followed by talons,” holding up his mutilated hand. sub-events. B. A close up of a character 1. The tone of the passage is best followed by the description described as of a wider setting. C. Introduction followed by A. tranquil and calming. characterization. B. thrilling and invigorating. D. Scene setting followed by C. ambiguous and strange. character development. D. tense and unsettling. 3 September 2021 7. Which of the following literary devices does the author use? A. allegory B. irony C. hyperbole D. foreshadowing 8. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question? A. Lines 1-5 (“It … affairs.”) B. Lines 24-29 (“Well … before.”) C. Lines 35-36 (“I … soda;”) D. Lines 121-127 (“ ‘And … hand.”) 9. As used in line 35, “service” most nearly means A. preference. B. assistance. C. work. D. amenity. 10. The captain’s reaction to Black Dog is similar to the reaction of A. a man seeing his favorite long-lost son. B. a cat randomly confronted by a dog in the street. C. a woman seeing a rival co- worker coincidentally after years. D. a businessman coming face to face with the CEO of the company. 4 September 2021  The following passage is taken from The homogeneous base. Dr. T. Sterry Hunt Andes and the Amazon by James Orton calls them porphyroid trachytes. They on the size of the mountains in the region. 50 have a black, rarely reddish, vitreous, or impalpable base, approaching obsidian, We will now speak more particularly of with a specific gravity of 2.59 in pure the Andes of the equator. The mountain specimens, and holding crystals or chain is built up of granite, gneissoid, and crystalline grains of glassy feldspar, and schistose rocks, often in vertical position, 55 sometimes of pyroxene and hematite. 5 and capped with trachyte and porphyry. They differ from the Old World Large masses of solid rock are rarely porphyries in containing no quartz, and seen; everything is cracked, calcined, or seldom mica. D'Orbigny considers the triturated. While in Bolivia the Eastern porphyries of the Andes to have been Cordillera shows a succession of sharp, 60 ejected at the close of the cretaceous 10 ragged peaks, in contrast with the conical period, and formed the first relief of the summits of the Cordillera of the coast, Cordillera. The prevalence of trachyte there is no such distinction in the Andes shows that the products have cooled of the equator. The Eastern Cordillera has under feeble pressure. a greater mean height, and it displays 15 more volcanic activity. Twenty volcanic 65 From the deluges of water lately thrown mountains surround the valley, of which out have resulted deep furrows in the twelve are in the oriental chain. Three of sides; and from the prevalence of the east the twenty are now active (Cotopaxi, wind, which is always met by the traveler Sangai, and Pichincha), and five others on the crest of either Cordillera, there is a 20 are known to have erupted since the 70 greater accumulation of ashes, and less Conquest (Chiles, Imbabura, Guamani, snow on the west slope. Cotopaxi is a fine Tunguragua, and Quirotoa). The example of this. In Pichincha, Altar, and truncated cone of Cotopaxi, the jagged, Rumiñagua, however, the western wall is Alpine crest of ruined Altar, and the lowest, apparently broken down. There is 25 dome of Chimborazo, are the 75 no synchronism in the eruptions of representative forms of the volcanic Cotopaxi and Pichincha. The reputed summits. The extinct volcanoes usually eruptions of Pichincha are dated 1534, have double domes or peaks, while the 1539, 1566, 1575, 1588, and 1660; that of active peaks are slender cones. Antisana 1534 resting on the assertions of Checa, 30 and Cayambi are fashioned after 80 Garcilazo, and Herrera, indorsed by Chimborazo, though the latter is table- Humboldt. Excepting the traditional topped rather than convex; Caraguairazo, eruption in 1534, which probably is Quirotoa, Iliniza, Sincholagua, confounded with that of Pichincha, Rumiñagui, and Corazon, resemble Altar; Cotopaxi did not open till 1742; then 35 Tunguragua, Sangai, Llanganati, 85 followed the eruptions of 1743, 1744, Cotocachí, Chiles, and Imbabura, imitate 1746, 1766, 1768, 1803, 1851, and 1855. Cotopaxi; Pichincha, Atacatzo, and We must mention, however, that, since Guamani are irregular. The Ecuadorian the recent awakening of Pichincha, volcanoes have rarely ejected liquid lava, Cotopaxi has been unusually silent. There 40 but chiefly water, mud, ashes, and 90 is also a remarkable coincidence (which fragments of trachyte and porphyry. may not be wholly accidental) in the Cotopaxi alone produces, foam-like renewed activity of Pichincha, and the pumice, and glossy, translucent obsidian. great eruption of Mauna Loa, both The paucity of quartz, and the absence of occurring in March, 1868. It is generally 45 basalt, are remarkable. Some of the 95 believed by the natives that Cotopaxi and porphyroids are conglomerate, but the Tunguragua are sympathetic. majority are true porphyries, having a 5 September 2021  There are fifty-one volcanoes in the Andean chain. Of these, twenty girdle the Valley of Quito, three active, five 100 dormant, and twelve extinct. Besides these are numerous mountain peaks not properly volcanic. Nowhere on the face of the earth is there such a grand assemblage of mountains. Twenty-two 105 summits are covered with perpetual snow, and fifty are over ten thousand feet high. All of these would be visible from a single stand-point—the summit of 110 Cotopaxi. The lofty peaks shoot up with so much method as almost to provoke the theory that the Incas, in the zenith of their power, planted them as signal monuments along the royal road to Cuzco. The 115 eastern series is called the Cordillera real, because along its flank are the Ecuadorian Volcanoes remnants of the splendid highway which Source: James Orton once connected Quito and the Peruvian capital. It can also boast of such 11. The primary purpose of the 120 tremendous volcanoes as Cotopaxi and passage is to Sangai. The Western Cordillera contains A. argue the recent eruptions as but one active volcano; but then it can harmful to the environment. point to peerless Chimborazo and the B. provide a historical record of deep crater of Pichincha. These twenty volcanic eruptions. 125 volcanic mountains rise within a space C. enumerate the number of only two hundred miles long and thirty mountains in the Andes Chain. miles wide. It makes one tremble to think D. detail the different volcanoes of the awful crevice over which they are in the Andes chain and their placed. specifications. 12. The overall text structure of the passage is best described as A. cause and effect. B. investigation. C. argumentative. D. informative. 13. The author used which of the following to support his text? A. a direct quote B. statistics C. authoritative reference D. anecdote 6 September 2021 14. Which choice best provides 18. Which of the following is NOT evidence for the answer to the true according to the passage? previous question? A. Less than half of the A. Lines 1-2 (“We … equator.”) volcanoes are active. B. Lines 44-45 (“The … B. The Ecuadorian volcanoes remarkable.”) mainly emit water and liquid C. Lines 71-72 (“Cotopaxi … lava. this.”) C. Cotopaxi has not erupted D. Lines 74-81 (“There … recently. Humboldt.”) D. New World porphyries do not contain any quartz and rarely 15. As used in line 5, “capped” most nearly means any mica. A. topped. 19. Which choice best provides B. improved. evidence for the answer to the C. limited. previous question? D. surpassed. A. Lines 17-22 (“Three … 16. The author assumes which of the Quirotoa.”) B. Lines 38-41 (“The … following to be true of the reader? porphyry.”) A. The reader is familiar with the C. Lines 49-58 (“They … mica.”) substance that emits from the D. Lines 87-89 (“We … silent.”) Ecuadorian volcano. B. The reader is familiar with the 20. The graphic best supports which paragraph within the passage? forms of Altar, Chimborazo, and Cotopaxi. A. First paragraph C. The reader is familiar with the B. Second paragraph names of the volcanoes and C. Third paragraph technical terms of the types of D. Fourth paragraph rocks. 21. As used in line 64, “feeble” most D. The reader has never heard of nearly means volcano tops. A. hot. 17. What is the relationship between B. timid. Altar, Chimborazo, and Cotopaxi C. ineffective. to the rest of the volcanoes? D. weak. A. They were initially awakened from the rest of the volcanoes. B. They work as prototypes to the rest of the volcanoes. C. They synchronously erupt while the rest of the volcanoes do not. D. They are silent while the rest are constantly erupting. 7 September 2021  The first passage is from Common length of time it has been sick, its actions, Diseases of Farm Animals by R. A. Craig or any other information that may be of discussing general diseases. The second assistance in forming the diagnosis and edited passage is taken from Cattle and outlining the treatment. their Diseases by Robert Jennings discussing diarrhea. 45 The general symptoms inform us regarding the condition of the different Passage 1 groups of body organs. A careful study of this group of symptoms enables us correctly to diagnose disease and inform The importance of recognizing or 50 ourselves as to the progress of long, diagnosing the seat and nature of the severe affections. These symptoms occur morbid change occurring in an organ or in connection with the pulse, respirations, group of organs cannot be overestimated. body temperature, skin and coat, visible 5 Laymen do not comprehend the difficulty mucous membranes, secretions and or importance of correctly grouping the 55 excretions, and behavior of the animal. signs or symptoms of disease in such a way as to enable them to recognize the The local symptoms are confined to a nature of the disease. In order to be able definite part or organ. Swelling, pain, 10 to understand the meaning of the many tenderness and loss of function are symptoms or signs of disease, we must common local symptoms. A direct possess knowledge of the structure and 60 symptom may also be considered under physiological functions of the different this head because of its direct relation to organs of the body. We must be familiar the seat of disease. It aids greatly in 15 with the animal when it is in good health forming the diagnosis. in order to be able to recognize any deviation from the normal due to disease, Other terms used in describing symptoms and we must learn from personal 65 of disease are objective, which includes observation the different symptoms that all that can be recognized by the person 20 characterize the different diseases. making the examination; indirect, which Stockmen should be able to tell when any are observed at a distance from the seat of of the animals in their care are sick as the disease; and premonitory, which soon as the first symptom of disease 70 precede the direct, or characteristic manifests itself, by changes in the general symptoms. The subjective symptoms 25 appearance and behavior. But in order to include such as are felt and described by ascertain the exact condition a general the patient. These symptoms are available and systematic examination is necessary. from the human patient only. The examiner, whether he be a layman or a veterinarian, must observe the animal Passage 2 30 carefully, noting the behavior, appearance, surroundings, and general 75 Cattle are frequently subject to diarrhea, and local symptoms. particularly in the spring of the year when the grass is young and soft. Occasionally Before making a general examination of it assumes a very obstinate form in the animal, it is well, if the examiner is consequence of the imperfect secretion of 35 not already acquainted with the history of 80 gastric juice; the feces are thin, watery, the case (care, feed and surroundings), to and fetid, followed by very great learn as much about this from the prostration of the animal. attendant as is possible. Inquiry should be made as to the feeding, the conditions 40 under which the animal has been kept, the 8 September 2021  The symptoms of diarrhea are too well 22. What is the purpose of lines 1-4? known to require any detailed A. The author seeks to disparage 85 description. those who are convinced that laymen can properly diagnose Treatment.—If in a mild form, the diet diseases. should be low; give two ounces of B. The author is attempting to Epsom-salts, twice a day. In a more convey a sense of urgency. obstinate form, give two drachms of C. The author is discrediting 90 carbonate of soda in the food. Oak-bark unprofessionals in the field. tea will be found very useful in these D. The author is recognizing that cases; or one of the following powders, change in the organs is twice a day, will be found very common. advantageous: pulverized opium and 95 catechu, each one and a half ounces; 23. Passage 1 is most likely written prepared chalk, one drachm; to be given from the point of view of in the feed. A. an amateur veterinarian. B. a layman. Calves are particularly subject to this C. a farmer. disease, and it often proves fatal to them. D. a professional veterinarian. 100 It sometimes assumes an epizoötic form, when it is generally of a mild character. 24. Which of the following does the So long as the calf is lively and feeds author of Passage 1 indicate as well, the farmer should entertain no fear being important for understanding for him; but if he mopes about, refuses diseases? 105 his food, ceases to ruminate, wastes in A. a career as a vet flesh, passes mucus and blood with the B. making quick and random feces, and exhibits symptoms of pain, the examinations case is a dangerous one. C. knowledge of the symptoms D. awareness of treatments In such an emergency, lose no time, but 25. Which choice best provides 110 give two or three ounces of Castor-oil with flour-gruel, or two ounces of salts at evidence for the answer to the previous question? a dose, followed with small draughts of oak-bark tea; or give, twice a day, one of A. Lines 14-20 (“We … the following powders: pulverized diseases.”) 115 catechu, opium, and Jamaica ginger, of B. Lines 25-27 (“But … each half an ounce; prepared chalk, one necessary.”) ounce; mix, and divide into twelve C. Lines 28-32 (“The … powders. Bran washes, green food, and symptoms.”) flour-gruel should be given, with plenty D. Lines 38-44 (“Inquiry … 120 of salt. treatment.”) 26. As used in line 61 “head” most nearly means A. skull. B. intellect. C. leader. D. category. 9 September 2021 27. Which of the following is NOT 31. Which of the following best mentioned in the passage? describes the difference between the two passages? A. Diarrhea most frequently affects young cows. A. Passage 1 explores the B. Diarrhea in cows is exhibited downfalls of a wrong in an unyielding manner. diagnosis while Passage 2 C. Carbonate of soda is given in attempts to enlighten the all cases of diarrhea. reader on diarrhea. D. Critical cases of diarrhea B. Passage 1 focuses on include blood in the stool of symptoms while Passage 2 the animal. specifically tackles a disease and its treatments. 28. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the C. Passage 1 argues the different previous question? types of symptoms while Passage 2 only discusses one A. Lines 77-80 (“Occasionally … disease with one symptom. juice;”) D. Passage 1 focuses on grouping B. Lines 88-90 (“In … food.”) symptoms while Passage 2 C. Lines 98-99 (“Calves … haphazardly discusses them.”) treatments. D. Line 104-108 (“but … one.”) 32. As used in line 105, “wastes” most 29. In Passage 2, the author discusses nearly means diarrhea as a common disease for cattle. Which of the following best A. deteriorates. provides evidence for the author’s B. misuses. credibility? C. fades. D. splurges. A. The author is a well-known veterinarian. B. The author defines diarrhea and its symptoms. C. The author uses specific references to treatments in all cases of diarrhea. D. The author uses technical terms to prove his credence. 30. Which of the following best describes a similar aspect of both passages? A. Both passages discuss diseases found in cattle. B. Both passages discuss detailed cures for diseases. C. Both passages discuss symptoms as the essential element. D. Both passages are based on technical terms. 10 September 2021  The following edited passage is taken day on which he fled back to England he from The Treasury of Ancient Egypt by was kept to the monotonous task of Arthur Weigall on the excavation of superintending a gang of natives whose tombs. sole business it was to dig a very large 50 hole in the sand, day after day and week There came to the camp of a certain after week. professor, who was engaged in excavating the ruins of an ancient It is, however, sometimes the fortune of Egyptian city, a young and faultlessly- the excavator to make a discovery which 5 attired Englishman, whose thirst for almost rivals in dramatic interest the tales dramatic adventure had led him to offer 55 of his youth. Such an experience fell to his services as an unpaid assistant digger. the lot of Emil Brugsch Pasha when he This immaculate personage had read in was lowered into an ancient tomb and novels and tales many an account of the found himself face to face with a score of 10 wonders which the spade of the excavator the Pharaohs of Egypt, each lying in his could reveal, and he firmly believed that 60 coffin; or again, when Monsieur de it was only necessary to set a man of Morgan discovered the great mass of lower status to dig a little hole in the royal jewels in one of the pyramids at ground to open the way to the treasuries Dachour. But such "finds" can be counted 15 of the Pharaohs (as one would expect). on the fingers, and more often an Gold, silver, and precious stones gleamed 65 excavation is a fruitless drudgery. before him, in his imagination, as he Moreover, the life of the digger is not hurried along subterranean passages to often a pleasant one. the vaults of long-dead kings. He 20 expected to slide upon the seat of his very It will perhaps be of interest to the reader well-made breeches down the staircase of of romances to illustrate the above the ruined palace which he had entered by 70 remarks by the narration of some of my way of the skylight, and to find himself, own experiences; but there are only a few at the bottom, in the presence of the interesting and unusual episodes in which 25 bejeweled dead. In the intervals between I have had the peculiarly good fortune to such experiences he was of opinion that a be an actor. There will probably be some little quiet gazelle shooting would 75 drama to be felt in the account of the agreeably fill in the swiftly passing hours; more important discoveries (for there and at the end of the season's work he certainly is to the antiquarian himself); 30 pictured himself returning to the bosom but it should be pointed out that the of his family with such a tale to tell that interest of these rare finds pales before every ear would be opened to him. 80 the description, which many of us have heard, of how the archeologists of a past On his arrival at the camp he was century discovered the body of conducted to the site of his future labors; Charlemagne clad in his royal robes and 35 and his horrified gaze was directed over a seated upon his throne,—which, by the large area of mud-pie, knee-deep in 85 way, is quite untrue. In spite of all that is which a few bedraggled natives slushed said to the contrary, truth is seldom their way downwards. After three weeks' stranger than fiction; and the reader who work on this distressing site, the professor desires to be told of the discovery of 40 announced that he had managed to trace buried cities whose streets are paved with through the mud the outline of the palace 90 gold should take warning in time and walls, once the feature of the city, and return at once to his novels. that the work here might now be regarded as finished. He was then conducted to a If the dawning interest of the reader has 45 desolate spot in the desert, and until the now been thoroughly cooled by these 11 September 2021  words, it may be presumed that it will be 36. Which of the following best 95 utterly annihilated by the following summarizes lines 92-108 (“If … narration of my first fruitless excavation; bared.”)? and thus one will be able to continue the A. The author is preparing the story with the relieved consciousness that reader for the disappointment nobody is attending. of an excavation and the beginning of his experience as 100 In the capacity of assistant to Professor an excavator. Flinders Petrie, I was set, many years B. The author is finalizing his ago, to the task of excavating a supposed previous claims and preparing royal cemetery in the desert behind the to discuss Professor Flinders ancient city of Abydos, in Upper Egypt. Petrie’s experience. 105 Two mounds were first attacked; and C. The author is complaining after many weeks of work in digging about his fruitless excavation through the sand, the superstructure of and begins to propose his first two great tombs was bared. experience as an assistant to Professor Flinders Petrie. 33. According to the first two D. The author is redirecting the paragraphs, the professor can best reader’s attention to his be described as ambitious and successful A. ignorant of reality. adventures. B. lacking in diligence. 37. The use of parentheses in line 15 C. realistic and wary. “(as one would expect)” conveys a D. stubborn and obstinate. tone of 34. Which choice best provides A. merriment. evidence for the answer to the B. sarcasm. previous question? C. disdain. A. Lines 16-19 (“Gold … D. indifference. kings.”) 38. The perspective from which the B. Lines 25-28 (“In … hours;”) author writes influences the style C. Lines 38-44 (“After … of text so that it resembles finished.”) D. Lines 44-51 (“He … week.”) A. a dissertation. B. a report. 35. As used in line 58, “score” most C. a narrative. nearly means D. a fairy tale. A. result. 39. As used in line 101, “set” most B. plenty. nearly means C. grudge. D. grade. A. directed. B. prepared. C. assigned. D. hardened. 12 September 2021 40. The author claims which of the following? A. Archeologists in Egypt have found a lot of gold so they keep returning. B. The discovery of artifacts takes thousands of long years full of labor. C. The reality of the discoveries is unlike the exaggerated tales. D. Anyone can become an archeologist if they have the necessary skill set. 41. The author is most likely A. a novel writer. B. an actor. C. an international history student at Cairo University. D. an experienced archeologist. 42. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question? A. Lines 66-67 (“Moreover … one.”) B. Lines 68-74 (“It … actor.”) C. Lines 87-91 (“and … novels.”) D. Lines 100-104 (“In … Egypt.”) 13 September 2021  The following edited passage is taken 45 are sold cheaply is primâ facie proof from The Chemistry, Properties and that the stones are glass, for it is evident Tests of Precious Stones by John Mastin that a diamond, the commercial value of on imitations of precious stones. which might be £50 or more, cannot be purchased for a few shillings and be With regard to diamonds, the 50 genuine. So long as this is understood manufacture of these has not as yet been and the stone is sold for the few very successful. It is generally admitted shillings, no harm is done; but to offer it that these beautiful and valuable as a genuine stone and at the price of a 5 minerals are caused by chemically- genuine stone, would amount to fraud, charged water and occasionally, though 55 and be punishable accordingly. Some of not always, high temperature, but these "paste," or "white stones," as they invariably beautified and brought to the are called in the trade, are cut and condition in which they are obtained by polished exactly like a diamond, and 10 the action of weight and pressure, with such success as occasionally to extending unbroken through perhaps 60 deceive all but experts. Such imitations ages of time. are costly, though, of course, not approaching the value of the real stones; In these circumstances, science, though it being no uncommon thing for able to give chemical properties and valuable jewels to be duplicated in 15 pressure, cannot, of course, maintain 65 paste, whilst the originals are kept in the these continuously for "ages"; therefore strong room of a bank or safe-deposit. the chemist must manufacture the jewels in such manner that he may soon see the In all cases, however, a hard file will results of his labours, and though real abrade the surface of the false stone. In 20 diamonds may be made, and with chapter VII, we found that quartz is in comparative ease, from boron in the 70 the seventh degree of hardness, and an amorphous or pure state along with ordinary file is but a shade harder than aluminium, fused in a crucible at a high this, so that almost all stones higher than temperature, these diamonds are but No. 7 are unaffected by a file unless it is 25 microscopic, nor can a number of them used roughly, so as to break a sharp be fused, or in any other way converted 75 edge. In order to prepare artificial into a large single stone, so that diamonds and other stones for the file imitation stones, to be of any service and various tests, they are often what is must be made of a good clear glass. The called "converted" into "doublets" or 30 glass for this purpose is usually "triplets." These are made as follows: composed of 53.70 per cent. of red lead, 80 the body of the glass is of paste, and on 38.48 per cent. of pure quartz in fine the "table" and perhaps on the broader powder, preferably water-ground, and facets, there will be placed a very thin 7.82 per cent. of carbonate of potash, slab of the real stone, attached by 35 the whole coloured when necessary with cement. In the case of the diamond, the metallic oxides of a similar nature to the 85 body is clear, but in the coloured constituents of the natural stones imitations the paste portion is made imitated. But for colourless diamonds, somewhat lighter in shade than the real the glass requires no such addition to stone would be, the portion below the 40 tint it. From the formula given is made girdle being coloured chemically, or the material known as "strass," or 90 mounted in a coloured backing. Such a "paste," and stones made of it are mostly stone will, of course, stand most tests, exhibited under and amongst brilliant for the parts usually tested are genuine. artificial lights. The mere fact that they 14 September 2021  A stone of this nature is called a 44. What does the author state about "doublet," and it is evident that when it the creation of a diamond? 95 is tested on the underside, it will prove A. They have found a successful too soft, therefore the "triplet" has been way to create a diamond. introduced. This is exactly on the lines B. Artificial color enhances an of the doublet, except that the collet and imitation diamond’s shine. perhaps the pavilions are covered also, C. Since diamonds take time to 100 so that the girdle, which is generally form, glass that resembles encased by the mounting, is the only diamonds can be made surface-portion of paste. In other cases quickly instead. the whole of the crown is genuine, D. Weight and pressure are two whilst often both the upper and lower out of five main components 105 portions are solid and genuine, the of creating a diamond. saving being effected by using a paste centre at the girdle, covered by the 45. Which choice best provides mounting. evidence for the answer to the previous question? A. Lines 1-3 (“With … successful.”) B. Lines 3-12 (“It … time.”) C. Lines 16-29 (“therefore … glass.”) D. Lines 29-38 (“The … imitated.”) 46. As used in line 69, “found” most nearly means A. gathered. B. recovered. C. located. D. discovered. White or Colourless Stones 47. According to the passage, a Source: John Mastin chemist cannot create a diamond ring because 43. The main idea of the passage is to A. “stress” only gives off brilliance to the stone. A. discuss characteristics of B. a diamond’s appearance diamond manufacturing and cannot be replicated. their imitations. C. the diamonds forged are too B. explore the risks of selling tiny and cannot be joined imitation diamonds. into one large stone. C. argue against buying D. the chemist must use diamonds since imitation colourless glass which diamonds are cheaper. cannot be imitated. D. introduce hardness of different stones. 15 September 2021 48. As used in line 91, “stand” most nearly means A. rise. B. endure. C. sustain. D. exist. 49. Which of the following is the best and most precise method to test a stone? A. Rub it against another hard stone. B. Use a file against a false stone. C. Use “doublets” for testing. D. Use “triplets” for testing. 50. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question? A. Lines 67-68 (“In … stone.”) B. Lines 75-79 (“In … triplets.”) C. Lines 90-92 (“Such … genuine.”) D. Lines 93-97 (“A … introduced.”) 51. According to the passage and the graph, which of the following would be affected by a file? A. an opal B. a spinel C. a beryl D. a sapphire 52. What is the purpose of the final paragraph? A. to discredit “doublets” B. to introduce “triplets” C. to explain the role of the paste D. to discuss the presence of the girdle 16 September 2021