EED 110.pdf

Chapter 1 3 Categories of 21st Century Skills 21st Century Skills Learning Skills Generally used to refer to certain Teaches students about the mental core competencies such as process required to...

Chapter 1 3 Categories of 21st Century Skills 21st Century Skills Learning Skills Generally used to refer to certain Teaches students about the mental core competencies such as process required to adapt and collaboration, digital literacy, improve upon the modern work critical thinking, and problem environment. solving that advocates believe Literacy Skills schools need to teach to help Focuses on how students discern students thrive in today’s world. In facts, publishing outlets and the a border sense, however, the idea technology behind them of what learning in the 21st century Life Skills should look like is open to Takes a look of intangible elements interpretation- and controversy of a student’s everyday life. These Literacy intangible focuses on both personal Is critical in helping us make sense and professional qualities of our world. From the time we wake up to the time we go to sleep, Miller (1973) we are constantly making meaning -Divided the concept of literacy into 3 sub of the world around us. categories: Traditionally been thought of as Basic literacy reading and writing. Defined as form of abilities to read, Usually defined as the ability to write, and do basic Arithmetic or read, write, and do math numeracy Barton (2006) asserts the notion of Alberta Education basic literacy is used for the initial Defines literacy as the ability, learning of reading and writing confidence, and willingness to which. engage with language to acquire, Comprehension construct and communicate Is the understanding and meaning in all aspects of daily interpretation of what a person living. read. Language is explained as a socially *To be able to accurately understand and culturally constructed system written material, children need to: of communication 1. decode what they read Reading 2. make connections between what they Does not appear in UNESCO’S read and what they already know definition of literacy 3. and think deeply about what they have Mkandawire (2018) read “A form of knowledge Functional Literacy competence, skills in a particular Refers to the practical skill set field area” needed to read, write, and do math This shift in the definition of for real life purposes, so people can literacy from reading and writing to function effectively in their knowledge. community (UNESCO)  *Kentor (2001) notes that foreign capital Expanded Views of Literacy dependence increases income inequality in The Arts and Creativity four ways: Ecoliteracy 1. It creates a small highly paid class of Cyberlitercay/Digital Literacy( elites to manage these investments who Information and ICT knowledge) create many but usually low-pay jobs; Financial Litercay 2.Profits from these investments domestic Media Literacy capital formation. Social/Emotional Literacy 3.Foreign capital penetration tends to Globalization and Multicultural concentrate land ownership among the Literacy very rich; 4. Host countries tend to create political Chapter 2 and economic climates favorable to foreign capital that in turn limit domestic Globalization labor’s ability to obtain better wages. In Globalization is the process of simple words, “The rich become richer and interaction and integration between the poor become poorer. ” people, business entities, governments, and cultures from Individual Actions other nations, driven by Houts (1980) observes that international trade and investment international dependence (another and supported by information name for globalization) tends to technology (Levin Institute, 2017) suppress adult wages, in turn The Effects of Globalization perpetuates the role of children as Effects of it are multi-dimensional economic necessities (familiar economic, political and military saying “ Kapag maraming anak, dependence and interdependence maraming katulong sa between nations; hanapbuhay”) leading to explosive expanded flow of individual people population growth. among societies; Coupled with the economic interdependence of expressive inequalities in which society is culture among nations; couched, this encourages political instability, resulting in policies that Economic Dependence/ favor the redistribution of income, Interdependence which in turn discourages While Philippine society has come investments, which then slows to realize that this early perspective economic growth. represented a shallow understanding of globalization, the Political and Military Dependence and fact of the matter is that Interdependence globalization has brought economic development to our society as a *A survey conducted in late 2018 found whole. that 3 in 5 Filipinos believe that the United  1. States would intervene on behalf customs as opposed to simply of the country in case of war being a passive (an outside) (Viray, 2018), observer. 2. as the participating nations strive The signs and symbols of a culture to protect their investments and include both its formal and interests in one another. informal languages, its idioms and forms of expression, entertainment, Expand Flow of Expressive and values, customs, roles, traditions Instrumental Culture etc., most of which are assumed Globalization encourages the and unstated. Thus, they are monetization of these cultural learned by being part of the culture, artifacts and their import/export rather than by any formal means. among participating cultures; the increased consumption of which Cultural Literacy in The Philippines changes the consuming culture. The National Commission for Instrumental culture Culture and the Arts (NCCA) is the refers to “common models of social government tasked with the order” (Meyer 2000)- that is, documentation, preservation and models or ways of thinking about dissemination of Philippine culture, and enacting national identity, both locally and abroad. nation- state policies both domestic Dona Victorina Syndrome and foreign, socio economic De Leon (2011) coins this development, human rights, propensity for Filipinos to look at education and social progress. their culture and themselves Expanded Flow of People Among through Western lenses Societies a kind of inferiority complex The Philippine statistics authority wherein anything and everything (PSA) estimates that there were 2.3 natively Filipino is considered as millions OFWs during the period Filipinos themselves as being of April to September 2017, who inferior, backward and worthless in were responsible for up to 205.2 comparison to their Western billion pesos in remittances. counterparts, and therefore a source *Meyer (2000) observes three reasons for of embarrassment and unease this: According to De Leon, the biggest 1. socio-economic migration, challenge then is the 2. political expulsion deconstruction of the negative self 3. and travel/tourism. images and notions of ourselves that we have imbibed over Cultural Literacy generations through “ a workable, a term coined by Hirch (1983) effective program of education that referring to the ability to can make Filipinos more understand the signs and symbols responsive and sensitive to Filipino of a given culture and being able to dignity, needs, values, and cultural participate its activities and potentials and assets. Challenges for Cultural Literacy in The personality patterns etc, necessary Philippines for clear and productive As Applebee (1987) observes, communication with cultures other interesting discussions on cultural than our own. literacy give rise to some very difficult questions which are The Persistence of the Problem particularly important to a Boutte (2008) suggests that multicultural and multilingual issues of discrimination in nation like Philippines. all its form (racial, What kinds of knowledge religious, tribal, cultural, constitute cultural literacy? Is it etc) are really issues of knowing facts, names, and dates or hatred, which defined an is it something more experiential educational setting as “the like being familiar with a story or a lack of compassion and particular song? If culture is more respect for the rights of “caught than taught,” should others” and that hatred must cultural literacy be one of the goals be fought and its roots of education? If yes, how does one because as long as hatred teach it? exist in the human mind, real peace will be Multicultural Literacy impossible (Vreeland, the knowledge and skills necessary 2001) to ensure that any communication with a culture different from our own is clear and productive and respectful such as their differences are celebrated and neither culture is demeaned or treated as inferior America In these country, multicultural literacy has very strong leanings toward knowing or identifying the polyethnic origins of knowledge with the express goal of fostering equality, diversity, and social justice. Europe In these country, multicultural literacy comes more in the form of intercultural communication competence (ICC), which is defined by Dusi, Messetti and Steinbach (2014) as a composite of skills, abilities, attitudes,