Summarizing vs Paraphrasing Techniques PDF

**Summarizing vs Paraphrasing** **Summarizing** **Paraphrasing** --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- Summary is a **brief state...

**Summarizing vs Paraphrasing** **Summarizing** **Paraphrasing** --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- Summary is a **brief statement** or account of the main points of a text. Paraphrase is a **rewording** of a text to clarify the content. Summary is **shorter** than a paraphrase. Paraphrase is **longer** than a summary. Summary can be **selective**. Paraphrase has to be **specific**. **Summary condenses**. **Paraphrase clarifies**. **BASIC RULES IN SUMMARIZING:** A. Erase things that don't matter. B. Erase things that repeat. C. Trade, general terms for specific terms. D. Use your own words to write the summary. **TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING:** 1. **Somebody Wanted But So** - This study helps students **generalize, recognize cause and effect relationships, and find main ideas.** - **Somebody:** Who is the text about? - **Wanted:** What did the main character want? - **But:** What was the problem encountered? - **So:** How was the problem solved? - **Then:** Tell how the story ends. 2. **SAAC Method** - This method is particularly helpful in summarizing [any kind of text]. SAAC is an acronym for "**State, Assign, Action, Complete**". - **State:** The **first step** that refers to the **name of the material** that you are summarizing. - **Assign: "**Assigning" the **name of the author.** - **Action:** Describe the '**action'** with which the content is [conveyed] (tells, explains). - **Complete:** Complete the summary by describing **what happens** in the book/article in detail. 3. **5Ws, 1H** - This technique relies on **six crucial questions**: who, what, when, where, why, and how. These questions make it easy to identify the main character, important details, and main idea. - **Who** is the story about? - **What** did they do? - **When** did the action takes place? - **Where** did the story happen? - **Why** did the main character do what he/she did? - **How** did the main character do what he/she did? 4. **First Then Finally** - This technique helps students summarize events in **chronological order**. - **First:** What happened first? Include the main character and main event/action. - **Then:** What key details took place during the event/action? - **Finally:** What were the results of the event/action? 5. **Give me the Gist** - This type of technique is like giving a friend the gist of a story. In other words, they want a **summary** -- not a retelling of every detail **Thesis Statement** - Is the **main idea** or main point of an informational text. - Is the **controlling idea that you will develop in your paper**. It can be found anywhere in the selection but usually [at the end of the introduction. ] - It can be one sentence or if necessary, it can be two to three sentences. **Elements of a Thesis Statement** 1. **Topic.** The topic of your paper. 2. **Argument/Claim.** If it is an argumentative paper, then this should express your opinion. If it is a research or explanatory paper, this should explain the purpose of your paper. 3. **Evidence.** The support for your argument/claim. **Key Elements of a Thesis Statement** 1. **It is not a fact.** a. Cats are better than dogs because they keep the pests at bay and they require less work than puppies. 2. **It is not a question.** b. A person who wants to live happily in life should own a pet because of their ability to help decrease depression, stress, and anxiety. 3. **It is not an announcement**. c. Owning a pet brings good than burden because they can lower stress levels, make one feels safe and teach their owners responsibility. 4. **It is not too broad.** d. Excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk to health problems as it may cause liver damage, stomach distress and even cancer. 5. **It is a complete sentence.** 6. **It requires support.** 7. **It takes stand.** 8. **It is arguable.** **Characteristics** 1. **Clear** 2. **Precise** 3. **Restricted** **Outlining Texts** **Outline** - Is a **design to follow** when writing a structure, a discourse, or an article. - It **arranges a material** in a **logical way** into main ideas, supporting ideas, and supporting details. **Outline Formats** A. **Alphanumeric Outline** - All **main topics** are indicated by **Roman Numeral** (I, II,..). **Subtopics** are noted by **letters** (A, B,..) and **supporting details** are indicated by **Arabic Numerals** (1, 2,..). - Ex. - I. Main Idea A. Supporting Idea 1\. Detail or Example a\. Additional Information B. Supporting Idea II\. Main Idea B. **Decimal Outline** - This uses **numbers** as labels for the main topic, subtopic, and supporting details. **Kinds of Outline** A. **Sentence Outline** - It uses **complete sentences** as its entries. - It is also known as **expanded outline.** - Ex. - I. Alcohol and drug abuse can affect one economically. A. The cost of alcohol is getting higher. 1\. The cost of DUIs can be enormous. B. **Topic Outline** - It makes use of **key words and phrases**. - Ex. - I. Background