Collaboration with Other Healthcare Professionals PDF

COLLABORATION WITH OTHER HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS Health According to WHO “Health is complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely absence of disease. According to Ayurveda, health is defined as “well balance”. The enjoyment of the highest attai...

COLLABORATION WITH OTHER HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS Health According to WHO “Health is complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely absence of disease. According to Ayurveda, health is defined as “well balance”. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition. Healthcare Setting The world’s biggest killer is ischaemic heart disease, responsible for 13% of the world’s total deaths. Since 2000, the largest increase in deaths has been for this disease, rising by 2.7 million to 9.1 million deaths in 2021. As a newly emerged cause of deaths, COVID-19 was directly responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2021, and consequently, largely pushed down other leading causes of death by one place. Instead of being the second and third leading causes of death as in 2019, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease became the third and fourth in 2021, responsible for approximately 10% and 5% of total deaths, respectively. Lower respiratory infections remained the world’s most deadly communicable disease other than COVID-19, ranked as the fifth leading cause of death. However, the number of deaths has gone down substantially: in 2021 it claimed 2.5 million lives, 370 000 fewer than in 2000. Deaths from other noncommunicable diseases were also on the rise. Trachea, bronchus and lung cancers deaths have risen from 1.2 million in 2000 to 1.9 million in 2021 and are now ranked sixth among leading causes of death. In 2021, Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia ranked as the seventh leading cause of death, killing 1.8 million lives. Women are disproportionately affected. Globally, 68% of deaths from Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia are women. Diabetes was also among the top 10 causes of death, following a significant percentage increase of 95% since 2000. Other diseases which were among the top 10 causes of death in 2000 are no longer on the list. HIV and AIDS are among them. Deaths from HIV and AIDS have fallen by 61%, moving from the world’s seventh leading cause of death in 2000 to the twenty- first in 2021. Similarly, deaths due to diarrhoeal diseases have dropped by 45%, from sixth leading cause of death in 2000 to thirteenth in 2021. In contrast, kidney diseases have risen from the world’s nineteenth leading cause of death to the ninth, with number of deaths increasing by 95% between 2000 and 2021. PHCARE 202 Rody Rica B. Agdipa, RPh Pharmacist in the Healthcare System Pharmacists are specifically educated and trained health professionals who are charged by their national or other appropriate (e.g. state or provincial) authorities with the management of the distribution of medicines to consumers and to engage in appropriate efforts to assure their safe and efficacious use. There is also increasing recognition that providing consumers with medicines alone is not sufficient to achieve the treatment goals. To address these medication-related needs, pharmacists are accepting greater responsibility for the outcomes of medicines use and are evolving their practices to provide patients with enhanced medicines-use services. As health-care professionals, pharmacists play an important role in improving access to health care and in closing the gap between the potential benefit of medicines and the actual value realized and should be part of any comprehensive health system. In addition, the increasingly complex and diverse nature of pharmacists’ roles in the health-care system and public health demands a continuous maintenance of the competence of pharmacists as health-care professionals who have up-to-date skills and expertise. To identify and assess the capacity of health systems, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined six essential “building blocks” to which pharmacists can play an integral role as members of the health care team. A. Health services As medicine experts, pharmacists hold the responsibility to deliver effective, safe, and quality medicines and services to achieve optimal health outcomes. Competency in their discipline and up-to-date knowledge, therefore, are pharmacists’ core in tailoring information and advice to their patients. PHCARE 202 Rody Rica B. Agdipa, RPh B. Health workforce Well-performing pharmacists are responsive to patient’s needs and preferences. In fact, involving patients in the health care decision-making process has shown greater satisfaction and reduced complaints to offered services. Given the paradigm shift from a product-oriented to a patient-centered pharmacy service, putting the interests of patients and treating them with dignity is a must. C. Health information As one of the most-accessible health care professionals, pharmacists are involved in health screening and surveillance programs - checking immunization status and detecting potential public health hazards. With reliable and timely health information, pharmacists support the development of the public health system and collectively reduce vulnerability to public health threats. D. Medical products, vaccines, and technologies With an increasingly wide range of new and analogous medical products, vaccines, and technologies, the complexity of pharmacy practice continues to broaden. The roles of pharmacists are not only limited to medical products, but also include vaccines and medical devices, especially those that demand special knowledge with regard to uses and risks. Pharmacists, therefore, are responsible for ensuring the efficacy, integrity, and security of medical products, devices, and, vaccines to safeguard a patient’s health. E. Health financing In an effort to protect vulnerable populations from financial hardships, pharmacists ensure the provision of cost-effective health care through rational use of medical products and modern technologies. Majority of published studies have demonstrated the potential of pharmacists in substantially increasing health care savings across various settings, attributing such result to pharmacists’ expertise in reducing and preventing medication-related problems and in providing cheaper alternatives or suggesting medicines that are covered by insurance. F. Leadership and governance Pharmacists take part in public health policy development; linking disease prevalence and drug utilization, pharmacists enable development of effective health policies, as well as they allow disease prevention to be placed within a larger context. In addition, pharmacists contribute to the emergencies in terms of designing response plans and protocols, and they contribute to resource mobilization through optimization of medication use and distribution. PHCARE 202 Rody Rica B. Agdipa, RPh Collaboration Collaboration in health care is defined as health care professionals assuming complementary roles and cooperatively working together, sharing responsibility for problem-solving and making decisions to formulate and carry out plans for patient care. Collaboration between physicians, pharmacists, and other health care professionals increases team members’ awareness of each other’s type of knowledge and skills, leading to continued improvement in decision-making. The degree to which pharmacists collaborate with other members of the healthcare team varies both across healthcare systems, but also within the same healthcare system. The level of collaboration between pharmacists and other healthcare professionals goes from minimal contact through to pharmacists who are seen as a core part of the multi-disciplinary team with the authority to initiate and modify medicine therapy. Collaborative Pharmacy Practice The advanced clinical practice where pharmacists collaborate with other healthcare professionals in order to care for patients. Collaborative pharmacy practice may include, but is not limited to: Initiation, modification and monitoring of prescription medicine therapy Ordering and performing laboratory and related tests Assessing patient response to therapy Counseling, educating, partnering with a patient regarding their medications Administering medications An important aspect of collaborative practice that differentiates it from other aspects of pharmacy practice is that the pharmacist works in close collaboration with other healthcare professionals (primarily physicians and nurses). This is in contrast to the well-established practice of over-the-counter provision of non-prescription medicines by pharmacists. Although collaboration with and referral to other health care practitioners may occur in that process, these practices are not the norm. The experts taking part in this session identified four areas in which cooperation among healthcare professionals is essential: patient, process, knowledge and communication. Conclusion Pharmacists is the first person of health care system by playing various roles like academic pharmacists, industrial pharmacist, community pharmacists, clinical pharmacists, hospital pharmacists, veterinary pharmacists etc. All pharmacists working in different fields of the profession are directly or indirectly related to nation’s health. Finally, pharmacists are responsible for insuring that “Right drug to right patient at right time in right dose through right route in right way.” So that pharmacists are an integral part of health care system. PHCARE 202 Rody Rica B. Agdipa, RPh Sources: WHO. (2019). Philippines data | World Health Organization. Data.who.int. https://data.who.int/countries/608 World Health Organization. (2020, December 9). The top 10 causes of death. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of- death Annex 8 Joint FIP/WHO guidelines on good pharmacy practice: standards for quality of pharmacy services Background. (n.d.). https://www.who.int/docs/default- source/medicines/norms-and-standards/guidelines/distribution/trs961-annex8- fipwhoguidelinesgoodpharmacypractice.pdf The Role of Pharmacists in Health Systems | IPSF - International Pharmaceutical Students Federation. (2019, January 22). Www.ipsf.org. https://www.ipsf.org/article/role- pharmacists-health-systems PHCARE 202 Rody Rica B. Agdipa, RPh