Attributes and Roles of Pharmacists PDF

ATTRIBUTES AND ROLES OF PHARMACISTS Prepared By: Sheryl M. MallarI, RPh PHARMACIST ❑ Pharmacists are medication experts. ❑ Preparation, Control, use, and assuring desired outcomes of medicines in patients, beginning with drug discovery and continues through their benefit to socie...

ATTRIBUTES AND ROLES OF PHARMACISTS Prepared By: Sheryl M. MallarI, RPh PHARMACIST ❑ Pharmacists are medication experts. ❑ Preparation, Control, use, and assuring desired outcomes of medicines in patients, beginning with drug discovery and continues through their benefit to society. ❑ Future Pharmacists must possess specific, knowledge, attributes, skills and behaviors that support this expertise. TEN STAR PHARMACIST It is a concept refers to a comprehensive framework that outlines the various roles and competencies that pharmacists should possess to excel in their profession. 1. Pharmaceutical Care Giver 6. Teacher 2. Decision Maker 7. Life Long learner 3. Communicator 8. Entrepreneur 4. Leader 9. Agents for positive change 5. Manager 10. Researcher TEN STAR PHARMACIST ❖ Pharmaceutical Caregiver Provides patient-centered care, ensuring the safe and effective use of medications. ❖ Decision Maker Uses evidence-based data to make informed decisions regarding pharmaceutical care and treatment. ❖ Communicator Effectively communicates with patients, healthcare teams, and other stakeholders to promote health and medication safety. ❖ Leader Takes charge in healthcare settings, guiding teams and managing pharmaceutical services. TEN STAR PHARMACIST ❖ Manager Oversees the efficient operation of pharmacy services, including inventory and resource management. ❖ Teacher Educates patients, healthcare professionals, and students on medication use and pharmaceutical care. ❖ Life Long learner Commits to continuous professional development and education to stay current with advancements in pharmacy practice. ❖ Entrepreneur Innovates and adapts to new business models, services, or opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry. TEN STAR PHARMACIST ❖ Agents for Social change Advocates for health policies and practices that improve public health and access to medications. ❖ Researcher Engages in or contributes to research to enhance pharmaceutical knowledge and practices.  Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Function Per Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016 Republic Act NO. 10918 A. Activities Exclusive to Pharmacists 1. Prepare, compound or manufacture preserve, store, distribute, procure, sell or dispense, or both, any pharmaceutical product or its raw materials; or 2. Render services such as clinical pharmacy services, drug information services, regulatory services, pharmaceutical marketing, medication management, or whenever the expertise and technical knowledge of the pharmacist required ; or  Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Function Per Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016 Republic Act NO. 10918 A. Activities Exclusive to Pharmacists 3.Engage in teaching scientific, technical or professional pharmacy courses in a school or college of pharmacy; or 4.Supervise the practice of sub-professionals in the dispensing of pharmaceutical products; or 5.Provide other services where pharmaceutical knowledge is required.  Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Function Per Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016 Republic Act NO. 10918 B. Activities which are Non - Exclusive to pharmacist 1. Conduct chemical, biological or microbiological analysis and assay of pharmaceutical products, food/dietary supplements, health supplements, cosmetics; or 2. Perform physicochemical analyses of medical devices used in aid of administration of pharmaceutical products;  Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Function Per Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016 Republic Act NO. 10918 B. Activities which are Non - Exclusive to pharmacist 3. Administer adult vaccines that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) subject to training, certification and other requirement as provided in this IRR or RA No. 10918 4. Conduct or undertake scientific research in all aspects, involving pharmaceutical products and health care. All pharmacists are expected to abide by current standards such as but not limited to the Philippine Practice Standards for Pharmacists, Good Pharmacy Practice, Good Regulatory Practice, Good Laboratory Practice, Good Distribution Practice, Good Storage Practice, Good Warehousing Practice, Good Manufacturing Practice and Good Clinical Practice which are deemed vital in the performance of their roles and functions in different practice areas.  EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF PHARMACISTS Prepared By: Sheryl M. MallarI, RPh  University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Pharmacy ❑ Which offers the first Pharmacy Course ❑ Founded in May 1871 ❑ By virtue of the Modification of the Moret decree. It was during the Spanish regime, the degree in pharmacy was six years. TIMELINE ❑ 1901: when the American administration took over, the curriculum was revised to four years. ❑ 1916: the degree of Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy was further revised to three years. ❑ 1930: when a four-year curriculum was adapted. ❑ 1954: the curriculum was revised to five years. ❑ 1984: the degree of Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy curriculum was again reduced to four years with the integration of some subjects.  At present the different pharmacy programs offered in the Philippines are as follows: 1.Four years BS Pharmacy 2.Five years BS Pharmacy in Clinical Pharmacy 3.Five-years Industrial Pharmacy 4.Six-year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D) 5.Two-year post-baccalaureate degree leading to Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D) 6.Two year Master of Science in Pharmacy (MSPharm) 7. Three year Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy(Ph.D. in Pharm)  At present the different pharmacy programs offered in the Philippines are as follows: Pharmacy Education is a four-year Bachelors’ Degree which provides a broad spectrum of scientific training and can lead to employment in a wider range of scientific fields principally in higher education institutions, community drug stores, hospitals, in government agencies, research establishments, public health and pharmaceutical industry. It should also encompass pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, household hazardous substances, drug delivery devices and veterinary medicines. Provide the country with pharmacists who are scientifically competent to deliver full spectrum of pharmaceutical services required in health care delivery.  After finishing the program, the graduate shall have acquired and developed the knowledge, skills, aptitude and competencies in: 1. Conducting scientific research methods and processes; 2. Developing drugs for prevention, diagnosis, mitigation and treatment of diseases of man and animals; 3. Identifying, compounding, manufacturing, storing and dispensing of drugs; 4. Managing drug establishments based on sound entrepreneurial practice; 5. Providing pharmaceutical care as well as counselling clients in the proper use of both prescribed and patient chosen medications; 6. Providing drug and health related information; Overview of Pharmacy Curriculum: Overview of Pharmacy Curriculum: Overview of Pharmacy Curriculum: Overview of Pharmacy Curriculum: Overview of Pharmacy Curriculum: Overview of Pharmacy Curriculum: Overview of Pharmacy Curriculum: Overview of Pharmacy Curriculum:  Continuing Professional Development (CPD units) It is a measure of the amount of training or education that a professional has completed to maintain or improve their skills and knowledge in their field.  ESSENTIAL PHARMACEUTICAL LITERATURE Pharmacists are in constant need of recent information concerning drugs, pharmaceutical products and even disease states. They are being asked daily to provide responses to numerous drug requests for a variety of people.  TYPES OF LITERATURE I. Primary Literatures Theses/Dissertations Most current source of information Periodicals or journals, serials, magazine Provides details of research methodology or bulletin. Advantage is the reduction in and scientific results that lead to time of lag between the discovery of an therapeutic conclusions idea and its publication. Commonly used when researching for Official Publications new medication or a new indication for a Conference Proceedings medication Standards Can be used when tertiary literature Trade Literatures cannot provide answer News Sources  I. Primary Literatures CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODICALS/JOURNALS 1. Based on frequency of Publication 3. Based on publisher ❑ As issues on weekly, monthly, ❑ Academic institutions quarterly, etc. ❑ Professional or scientific institutions ❑ 1.2 As volume on annual basis, etc. ❑ Government bodies 2. Based on sources ❑ Research institutes ❑ Primary periodicals ❑ Commercial firm ❑ Secondary periodicals 4. Based on geographic distribution ❑ Local, state, regional ❑ 4.2 National ❑ 4.3 International  I. Primary Literatures CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODICALS/JOURNALS 5. Based on scope ❑ Scientific periodicals are scholarly publications with original research report. It is also known as “Research Journal” ❑ American Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences ❑ Canadian Journal Pharmaceutical Science ❑ Professional periodicals publish results of original research but they are less technically and scientifically oriented than those reported in the scientific journal and have a more practical basis, resulting in the concentration of research on the practical aspect of the profession than on specific. ❑ American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy ❑ American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education  TYPES OF LITERATURE II. Secondary Literature Helps locate primary literature Consists of indexing and abstracting services of the primary literature An indexing system provides only bibliographic citation information (title, author and citation of the article) Abstracting services provides brief description of information contained in a specific citation. Index and abstract services are used to locate a given article or the writing on a particular author or material on a given topic.  II. Secondary Literature INDEX SERVICES - must be accurate, index topic to subject headings which are in current use, be devised to reduce between a minimum time lag between the publication of an article and the appearance of the reference in an index and be comprehensive - Information available from an index is limited to bibliographic references like the title of the article and the author, the title of the periodical in which the article is printed with the volume, the page and date of publication. ❑ Science Citation Index that notes citation of author and journal articles and being updated on weekly basis.  II. Secondary Literature ABSTRACT SERVICES - It supply summaries of the articles cited. It must be accurate and sufficient details so that those reading them will know whether it will be worth their time to consult the original articles. - The abstract themselves must be indexed properly to provide quick and easy information retrieval particularly in the pharmaceutical and other related sciences.  II. Secondary Literature ABSTRACT SERVICES EXAMPLES: ❑ Harvey Whitney Books ▪ Newsletter that abstracts international literature to pharmacotherapy, drug interaction factors influencing drug action. ▪ Published on monthly basis. ❑ International Abstract (IPA) ▪ Provides access to both journal articles and meeting abstract available in index form and internet services ▪ Published semi-annually ▪ Pharmacy information ▪ Published by American Society of Health System Pharmacists  II. Secondary Literature ABSTRACT SERVICES EXAMPLES: ❑ EMBASE ▪ Comprehensive abstracting of the meeting or conference literature ❑ The Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews ▪ Published quarterly ▪ Includes medical treatments, conditions and alternative therapies  TYPES OF LITERATURE III. Tertiary Literature Most commonly used sources of information because they are easy to use, convenient, concise and compact Used to refresh knowledge or learn about a subject, and background information regarding a disease or treatment  II. Tertiary Literature ❑ Encyclopedias ▪ Contains general aspect of the profession ▪ Information found is usually out of date ▪ Encyclopedias of Biological Sciences ▪ The Encyclopedia of Chemistry ▪ McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science and technology ▪ Encyclopedia of Biochemistry ❑ Dictionaries ▪ Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary ▪ International Abstract (IPA) ▪ Pharmaceutical Blakiston’s Gould Medical Dictionary ▪ Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Disctionary ▪ Stedman’s Medical Dictionary  II. Tertiary Literature ❑ Dictionaries ▪ Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary ▪ International Abstract (IPA) ▪ Pharmaceutical Blakiston’s Gould Medical Dictionary ▪ Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary ▪ Stedman’s Medical Dictionary ▪ FOR PHARMACIST ▪ Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Scienceand Techniques ▪ Medical Abbreviations ▪ Dictionary of Organic Compounds ▪ Butterworth’s Dictionary ▪ The Condensed Medical Dictionary  II. Tertiary Literature ❑ Handbooks ▪ Compilations of facts and figures in a form which can be consulted with ease and are usually a one- volume work ▪ Information and scientific date are in a tabular form ▪ Manual, data book, reference book, bench book, sourcebook ▪ Convenient and practical source of quantitative quick reference, reliable information ▪ Revised and updated often to ensure that the data are authoritative and current ▪ Handbook of Physics ▪ Handbook of Pharmacology ▪ Langue’s handbook of Chemistry ▪ Manual of Diagnosis of Therapy ▪ Merck Index of Chemical and Drugs ▪ Pharmaceutical Handbook  II. Tertiary Literature ❑ DIRECTORIES ▪ List of names and address which serve to supply information about persons, organizations or places. ▪ These lists are updated and if revise annually, the title frequently uses the term yearbook ▪ Encyclopedia of Association ▪ Haye’s Druggist Directory ▪ World’s Directory of Schools of Pharmacy  II. Tertiary Literature ❑ Yearbook ▪ Annual surveys relevant to the pharmaceutical or allied sciences ▪ Basically, review publications which provide a retrospective look at advances or accomplishments of the previous year in a particular field or on a specific subject ▪ Advances in Pharmaceutical Science ▪ Drug Metabolism Review ▪ Progress in Medicinal Chemistry  II. Tertiary Literature ❑ Monograph ▪ A written account of single topic ▪ Usually include recent information ▪ Systemically comprehensive without including background and historical data ❑ Textbook ▪ Serves the prime function of presenting principles of a topic or discipline in such a way that the information is used as the basis for instruction in the subject  II. Tertiary Literature ❑ PDA Applications ▪ Offers quick access to key information while you are delivering patient care ▪ Small to fit in the hand, making them versatile tools for looking up info on drugs and disease, finding diagnostic aids and checking literature references on pharmacy and medical topics. ▪ ePocates ▪ Lexi-Complete ▪ MobileMIcromedex  II. Tertiary Literature ❑ INTERNET SOURCES ▪ MIMS ▪ Drugs.com ▪ WebMD ▪ Medscape ▪ Fact and Comparison ▪ Mayo Clinic