Cranial Nerves + The Eye PDF
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Uploaded by EnterprisingNonagon
Monash University Malaysia
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Summary
This document provides an overview of the cranial nerves, including their functions and origins. It covers basic information about the different modalities of sensory and motor functions. The document also includes information about cranial foramina, where these nerves exit the cranium.
Full Transcript
Cranial Nerve Overview I - Olfactory Smell VII - Facial Muscles of facial expression, gland secretion, anterior ⅔ taste, external ear sensation II - Optic Vision...
Cranial Nerve Overview I - Olfactory Smell VII - Facial Muscles of facial expression, gland secretion, anterior ⅔ taste, external ear sensation II - Optic Vision VIII - Vestibulocochlear Hearing and balance III - Oculomotor Eye muscles and pupil IX - Glossopharyngeal Posterior ⅓ taste/sensation, ear sensation, carotid constriction body and sinus, parotid gland secretions, stylopharyngeus m. IV - Trochlear Superior oblique m. X - Vagus Ear, larynx, pharynx sensation, muscles, sensation, some taste Smooth muscles and sensation of GIT Taste from epiglottis region of tongue V - Trigeminal Facial sensation, anterior XI - Accessory Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid ⅔ tongue sensation, muscles of mastication VI - Abducens Lateral rectus m. XII - Hypoglossal Tongue muscles except palatoglossus Origin of the Cranial Nerves CN I and II (olfactory and optic) originate from the cerebrum The rest arise from the brainstem: III - midbrain-pontine junction IV - posterior side of the midbrain (then wraps around) V - pons VI - VIII - pontine-medulla junction (from anterior to posterior) IX - XI - medulla posterior to the olive (from superior to inferior) XII - medulla anterior to the olive Cranial Foramina The cranial nerves exit the cranium through various foramina: Cribriform plate - CN I Optic canal - CN II Superior orbital fissure - CN III, IV, V1 (ophthalmic), VI Foramen rotundum - CN V2 (maxillary) Foramen ovale - CN V3 (mandibular) Internal acoustic meatus - CN VII, VIII Jugular foramen - CN IX, X, XI Hypoglossal canal (CN XII) Cranial Nerve Modalities Sensory: General somatic sensory (GSS): Sensation from skin General visceral sensory (GVS): Sensation from viscera Special sensory Special visceral sensory (SVS): Sight, smell, taste, hearing, balance Motor General somatic motor (GSM) - Skeletal muscles Special visceral motor (SVM) - Muscles derived from pharyngeal arches General visceral motor (GVM) - Smooth muscles of GIT and autonomic motor ○ Parasympathetic ○ Sympathetic
