Consciousness Lecture 2 PDF

CONSCIOUSNESS PSY1005S Lecture 2: Sleep Disorders 2024 Joel Saboi Mvula [email protected] Alexa Soule...

CONSCIOUSNESS PSY1005S Lecture 2: Sleep Disorders 2024 Joel Saboi Mvula [email protected] Alexa Soule [email protected] om  Outline of Lectures 1. Consciousness & Sleep 2. Sleep Disorders 3. Psychoactive Drugs: Definitions & Aetiology 4. Psychoactive Drugs: Dependence Mechanisms 5. Psychoactive Drugs: Specific Drugs  Why do we sleep? Restorati Memory Emotion on consolidation regulation  Chronotypes Morning Types Evening types aka Morning Larks aka Night owls Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) https://qxmd.com/calculate/calculator_829/morningness-eveningness-questionnaire-  Functions of Sleep Function of nREM sleep Function of REM sleep o Redistribution of memory traces o Leads to Long-Term Potentiation from hippocampal networks to (LTP) the neocortex i.e., long-lasting strengtehning of synaptic o Weakly potentiated synapses are connections  memory consolidation eliminated o Dreaming o Physical restoration (tissues, Psychological functions: problem-solving, muscles, bones, immune system) emotional processing o Restoration of brain function Mood regulation (mood disorders can be present when sleep is poor)  Sleep Deprivation SLEEP IS IMPORTANT! Even a few nights of poor sleep can have consequences for physical & cognitive functioning Examples: angina, arthritis, depression, chronic lung disease, impaired cognition  Basic The most likely description time of day of each sleep when each Learning disorder. disorder may occur. Outcome sLecture 2 Distinguishing Treatment of sleep between the disorders. symptoms of each sleep disorder.  a chronic neurological Narcolepsy disorder characterised by disturbances in the brain's regulation of sleep-wake cycles. It is primarily defined by 4 hallmark symptoms: 1) Excessive daytime sleepiness 2) Cataplexy  Narcolepsy o Sleep seizure o Slip suddenly into REM o Dangerous – Cataplexy o Sudden loss/decrease in muscle tone o Linked to decreased neurotransmitter hypocretin  Insomnia Can be primary or secondary E.g., secondary to stress, anxiety, diet, behaviour Can be treated with medication BUT long-term effects Best treatment CBT-I of chronic use of benzos/z-drugs Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) Stimulus control Sleep consolidation Sleep hygiene Relaxation Cognitive therapy Leave bed if unable Calculate actual Pre-bedtime Slow deep Challenge anxious to sleep after 20 sleep time (as behaviour and breathing thoughts about minutes and only opposed to time environment sleep to reduce Progressive return when feeling in bed) stress. Avoid caffeine, relaxation sleepy again Then working nicotine, and Rationalising No activities in bed back from the stimulating sleep-based fears except sleep time you normally activities before and stress, by wake up, go to bedtime keeping a Go to bed only when bed at the newly thoughts journal tired Avoid screen-time calculated time. or filling out before bed No naps during the inventories. day CBT-I techniques like stimulus control, sleep consolidation, sleep hygiene, relaxation techniques and cognitive therapy can help treat insomnia without medication.  Nightmares vs. Night terrors Frequently occurs Occurs during during REM sleep nREM (N3) sleep More common in Little dream recall children or PTSD- diagnosed Most common in individuals children https://youtu.be/iKgbdUmZn https://youtu.be/4ujSv2z3 nM MEk  Somnambulism REM Behavior Disorder o Occurs during N3 o Occurs during REM o Most common in children o Most common in elderly o Sleep deprivation o “Acting out dreams” increases chances (leads to deeper N3 sleep)  difficult to wake someone up https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YSdU https://youtu.be/0XhcsZKa3jo qir-Rw Any questions?