PSY 101 Chapter 4 PDF

CHAPTER 4 PSY 101 DR. OREM CONSCIOUSNES S What it is like to be… Me/you A human A bird A flower? Placeholder Title 01 What are the prerequisites for experiencing consciousness? Close but not consciousness –...

CHAPTER 4 PSY 101 DR. OREM CONSCIOUSNES S What it is like to be… Me/you A human A bird A flower? Placeholder Title 01 What are the prerequisites for experiencing consciousness? Close but not consciousness – confusing consciousness with…? Placeholder Title 04 Why is consciousness so hard to define/describe/explain? ∞ What it is like to be a bat? ∞ Why aren’t we zombies? ∞ Ghost in the machine “The subjective state of being currently aware of something either within oneself or outside of oneself.”  Automatic Processing ∞ Our brain deals with certain types of information automatically (without effort, control, or awareness on our part) ∞ Automatic processing allows us to sift through enormous amounts of sensory information, determining… ∞ What is important and needs our immediate attention ∞ What can be processed and stored for later use ∞ What can be ignored ∞ This allows information to be collected and saved, with little or no conscious effort ∞ If it weren’t for automatic processing, we would be overwhelmed with data from our sensory systems ∞ Is it possible that not everyone automatically processes sensory info the same way, and that is what “overwhelms” them (i.e., sensory overload) ∞ Example: misophonia Consciousness: Brought to you by… AUTOMATIC PROCESSING MULTITASKING (or the illusion of) SELECTIVE ATTENTION Placeholder Title 05 Altered States of Consciousness Lorem ipsum dolor Lorem ipsum dolor Caption / Credits Caption / Credits consectetur consectetur sit amet, sit amet, Drugs Sleep Hypnosis Meditation Sensory Deprivation Neurological abnormalities Placeholder Title 0 Why Do We Sleep? Circadian Rhythm Lark or Owl?  Why Do We Sleep: 3 Theories Theory Description A Closer Look Growth hormone is secreted during non-REM sleep, and protein production ramps up in the brain during Sleep allows for growth REM. Sleep is a time for rest and replenishment of Restorative and repair of the body neurotransmitters, especially those important for and brain. attention and memory (Borbély et al., 2016; Hobson, 1989). Dark environments were unsafe for our primitive ancestors; humans have poor night vision compared to Sleep serves adaptive animals hunting at night, so it was adaptive to avoid Evolutionary function; evolved as it moving around. The development of circadian rhythms helped survival. driving nighttime sleep served an important evolutionary purpose (Barton & Capellini, 2016). Sleep aids in the The exact role of sleep is still being investigated, but consolidation or evidence suggests that good sleep makes for better Consolidation formation of memories processing of memories (Cordi & Rasch, 2021; and learning (Tononi & Rasch & Born, 2013; Sawangjit et al., 2018). Cirelli, 2014). Why Do We Dream? o When do we dream? REM vs. non-REM sleep o Most people dream for 1–2 hours a night during REM sleep o Dream content reflects our activities, emotions, and thoughts during wakeful hours o This is relatively consistent across cultures o Some people report they don’t dream; they probably do but don’t remember their dreams Sleep Definition Defining Characteristics Disturbance Neurological disorder characterized by Irrepressible need to sleep; daytime Narcolepsy excessive daytime sleepiness, which napping; cataplexy; sleep paralysis; includes lapses into sleep and napping. hypnagogic hallucinations. A sleep disturbance in which the Dreamers vocalize and act out dreams, REM sleep mechanism responsible for paralyzing which may be action-packed and violent; behavior the body during REM sleep is not upon awakening, they remember the disorder functioning, resulting in the acting out dream; presents risk of injury to self and of dreams. sleeping partners. Obstructive Serious disturbance characterized by a Upper throat muscles go limp; airway sleep apnea complete absence of air flow (apnea) or closes; breathing stops for 10 seconds or hypopnea reduced air flow (hypopnea). longer; sleeper awakens, gasping for air. Poor sleep quantity or quality; tendency to wake up too early; the sleeper has trouble Insomnia Inability to fall asleep or stay asleep. falling back asleep and does not feel refreshed in the morning. Disturbance of non-REM sleep Expressionless face; open eyes; may sit up Sleepwalking characterized by complex behavior in bed, walk around, or speak gibberish; during sleep. upon awakening, has limited recall. Disturbance of non-REM sleep Screaming, inconsolable child; usually, no Sleep terrors generally occurring in children. memory of the episode the next day. Altered States - Drugs Clip Steven Wright (4:38) Clip Space Cadet Placeholder Title 07 Find the picture of a drug: Placeholder Title 07 A psychoactive drug is a chemical substance that acts on the central nervous system and can cause changes in psychological activities What are the 3 most popular drugs? Placeholder Title 06 MK-Ultra: Could LSD be used as a weapon of war to beat communism? Mind Control? Truth Serum? What Are Some Myths and Mistakes About Drugs? Alcohol Placeholder Title 09  Overdose Risk: Synergistic Effects of Drugs Placeholder Title 10 Drug Quick Reference Guide Drug Classification Effects Potential Harm Alcohol Depressant Disinhibition, feeling "high" Coma, death Decreases neural activity, relaxation, Barbiturates Depressant Loss of consciousness, coma, death possible aggression Alertness, enhanced recall, Caffeine Stimulant Heart racing, trembling, insomnia elevated mood, endurance Cocaine Stimulant Energy, euphoria, rush of pleasure Heart attack, stroke, anxiety, psychosis Induces pleasure, reduces pain, rush of Boils on the skin, hepatitis, liver disease, spontaneous Heroin Depressant euphoria and relaxation abortion Extreme changes in sensation and Depression, long-term flashbacks, other psychological LSD Hallucinogen perception, emotional roller coaster problems Stimulates appetite, suppresses nausea, relaxation, mild euphoria, Respiratory problems, immune system suppression, cancer, Marijuana Hallucinogen distortion of time, intense sensory memory impairment, deficits in attention and learning experiences Stimulant; Euphoria, heightened energy, and Blurred vision, dizziness, rapid heart rate, dehydration, heat MDMA hallucinogen anxiety stroke, seizures, cardiac arrest, death Energy, alertness, increases sex drive, Lasting memory and movement problems, severe weight Methamphetamine Stimulant suppresses appetite loss, tooth decay, psychosis, sudden death Blocks pain, induces drowsiness, Respiratory problems during sleep, falls, constipation, sexual Opioids Depressant euphoria, slows down breathing problems, overdose Relaxation, alertness, increased pain Cancer, emphysema, heart disease, stroke, reduction in life Tobacco Stimulant tolerance span