Christianity Religion Review PDF

Christianity Review Test Breakdown: 10 Multiple Choice questions 10 True and False questions 18 Matching &; Identification 22 Short Answer: Milestones, Festivals, Schism TERMS: FOCUSING ON WESTERN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ↓’ Ascension (Festival): takes place 40 days after Easter - The ascent...

Christianity Review Test Breakdown: 10 Multiple Choice questions 10 True and False questions 18 Matching &; Identification 22 Short Answer: Milestones, Festivals, Schism TERMS: FOCUSING ON WESTERN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ↓’ Ascension (Festival): takes place 40 days after Easter - The ascent of Jesus into human - The 11 apostles witnessed Jesus ascending to heaven Bible: The entirety of Christianity’s sacred writings are found in the Bible. - Divided into old testament and new testament Communion / The Lord’s Supper (/Milestone/Eucharist): first receiving as a young child (grade 2/3), receiving it every mass - Commemorates the Last supper and passover meal where Jesus sharped bread and wine offering it to his disciples, they ate it in memory of him for his blood will be poured out in the forgiveness of our sins - Features a mass - Offered a wafer of unleavened bread Confirmation (Milestone): first happens while you are young adolescence (grade 7/8) - Commemorates and recognizes attaining full participation in the church - Helps individuals grow in faith and receive the holy spirit Lent (Festival): Occurs 2 months after christmas starts, last 40 days, holy week and easter - 40 days represents Jesus’ time in the desert - Christians marked with ashes (On Ash wednesday) reminder of mortality, time of fasting, prayer and spiritual self assessment Good Friday: occurs friday of holy week, commemorates trial, Jesus’ crucifixion death, and the burial of Jesus - Priest/minister reads passages from the Bible describing Jeusus’ final hours  - Worshipers pay homage to the cross or tomb - Re-enactment of Jesus’ final days Advent: occurs 4 sundays before christmas - anticipate the birth of Jesus - Ends for Catholic / Protestant - December 25th - Ends for Orthodox - January 7th Epistles: 21 letters in total. Most written by St. Paul - Letters to Christian groups around the Mediterranean (Ex: “Corinthians” written to the Christians in Corinth (Greece). “Galatians” was written to the Christians in Galatia (Turkey) - Contains advice to fellow Christians on being a Christian, and how Christians should live. - Written during the time where Christians were being persecuted. Fasting: happens every friday during lent and ash wednesday Filioque Clause: Latin Word meaning “and the Son” inserted into the Nicene Creed. The Roman Pope added this to the Creed without the Patriarch’s consent. Holy Thursday: occurs on the 5th day of holy week during Lent - Commemorates the washing of the disciples feet - Last supper of Jesus when he established the sacrament of holy communication prior to his arrest - In some Christian traditions, a bishop or priest washes the feet of a group of priests or parishioners Indulgences: Pardoners, with permission from the Pope traveled across Europe selling indulgences. All you had to do was buy one and you reduced the time your soul spent in purgatory before it went to heaven. - It was like paying for forgiveness, or buying a ticket to heaven *Justification: the act by which God moves a willing person from the state of sin (injustice) to the state of grace (justice), The Gospels: “Good News” incharge of Spreading the Good News - 4 Gospels. They are: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John - The Gospels have stories about Jesus’ birth, life, death and resurrection. - The Gospels explain Jesus’ teachings.  - Very similar and therefore are called the SYNOPTIC GOSPELS. (synoptic means same) - The Gospel hypothesis states that Mark is the oldest Gospel and that Luke and Matthew used Mark as their primary source of information for their Gospels - Luke and Matthew also share a lot of the same saying that are believed to come from a source we no longer have- known as “Q) - John’s Gospel is different from the other 3. It appears that is comes from it’s own tradition that focused on other things Teachings of Jesus: The Gospels explain Jesus’ teachings. Nicene Creed: a statement of beliefs universally accepted by Christianity today. (created by the Council of Nicaea). Nicene Creed helps understand God, creation, the Holy Trinity, the Holy spirit, Salvation and Eternal Life, and The Last Judgment. Council of Nicaea: In 325 CE, Emperor Constantine called over a very important council of 300 Christian Church leaders - Met in the city of Nicaea, in modern-day Turkey - Goal was to settle several significant principles of the faith. - Out of this meeting came the Nicene Creed. Sacraments: A sign of how you show the blessing of God unto other people and yourself. - Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox celebrate all 7 sacraments. 1. Baptism 2. Holy Communion 3. Confirmation 4. Reconciliation 5. Marriage 6. Holy Orders 7. Anointing and Blessing of the sick. Protestant Churches: - Only Accept 2 Sacraments because they are the only that can be traced back to the bible. 1. Baptism 2. Holy Communion Revelation: Last book of the Bible. It was written to encourage people who were being persecuted because they were Christian. Easter: celebrated on the first sunday after 1st full moon of spring, in orthodox/protestant - celebrates after catholic - Palm sunday - commemorates Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem - Easter sunday - marks resurrection of Jesus - Celebration of triumph over sin and death - Celebrates with song-filled liturgy - Many christians celebrate the eve of Easter with a vigil service where a flame is passed from candle to candle “Fundamentalism: a form of a religion, especially Protestant Christianity, that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture Roman Catholics: christian church formally switched too when Christianity expanded WEST, soon practicing different faiths and traditions birthing the new religion Orthodox Catholics: christian church formally switched too when Christianity expanded EAST, soon practicing different faiths and traditions birthing the new religion - They do NOT recognize the Pope - They use different Calendars: Christmas, New Years and Easter are celebrated at different times. - Services: Led by a priest they STAND for service, a CHOIR leads the singing - Iconostasis (screen covered with icons: images or pictures of Jesus, Mary or other Saints). It is a screen that divides the church, used to help people concentrate on worship. (screen hides the altar.) - Liturgy: Written order of service used to pray and worship as a community called Divine Liturgy. - Creed: They reject the authority of the pope or any other changes made to Christian Belief after 787 CE. - Filioque Clause: Disagree with Roman Catholic church for including the Holy Spirit comes from God and Jesus but Orthodox believe the Holy Spirit comes from God alone. Great Schism: (meaning = split or separation) The Great Schism took place in 1054 CE. - It was the most important split in the Church’s history. - As Christianity continued to grow into Europe, the Roman Emperor Constantine shifted his capital city to Rome in the west and Constantinople in the east. - As Christianity expanded westward into Europe, the influence of the Roman patriarch (bishop) increased, and he became known as the Pope (for his connections  to St. Peter). Serious disagreements developed as the pope claimed authority over the whole Church. ↓ Reasons for the split: 1. Distance. 2. The Eastern Patriarch (Bishop) didn’t recognize the Pope’s authority. 3. Filioque Clause 4. The Holy Trinity: Catholics believe that the Holy Spirit comes from the Father and from the Son / Eastern Orthodox: believe that the Holy Spirit only comes from the Father. = As a result, the Western Roman Catholic Church who at the head of the church is the Pope in Rome, and the separated Eastern Orthodox Church who has no central authority figure like the pope. Transubstantiation: the belief that the bread and wine taken at communion are transformed into the blood and body of Christ Council of Trent: Occurred in response to the Protestant Reformation - Luther’s Protestant Reformation made Roman Catholics realize that reform was necessary. - The Church spent 18 years, beginning in 1543, at the Council of Trent affirming all of its basic teachings (changing and reasoning), in what was called the Catholic Reformation. - Reconfirmed: The 7 sacraments, Church as authority, Salvation – faith and good deeds. - Changed: Strict rules against indulgences and sainthood, Priests and bishops had to become more involved with the people they were trying to save, censored reading of certain books. Pentecost: The Apostles met together when suddenly there was a fierce storm and wind filled the house they were sitting in. (When the Holy Spirit came to the Apostles) - They were then filled with the Holy Spirit. - This event marked the “Birthday of the Church” led by Peter and other followers St. Peter (Simon): First pope, leader of 12 apostles Themes to Focus on: Christian denominations (Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant Churches) Lutheranism, anglican “church of england”. (CONSTANTINOPLE) Gospels - (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John) Mark - was written in rome, for the persecuted gentiles in rome (non jewish people), theme was the suffering christ, intended to strengthen the community who was facing persecution Marks symbol - lion, represents jesus as king Matthew - written in syria, for the palestinian jewish christians, Illustrates Jesus as the messiah who was promised and announced by the holy prophets of God (genealogy) Matthew symbol - Man as an angel Luke - written in greece, written for rich gentiles, theme is Jesus is the universal Saviour—especially for the poor and oppressed Luke symbol - Ox as a figure of sacrifice, service, strength John (different than the others) - written in now turkey, written for christians in asia minor, theme is God is son of God, Jesus is the messiah, and Jesus IS GOD John symbol - eagle, figure of the sky, depicts Jesus as Logos The Great Schism - caused by the rivaling 2 sides Festivals celebrated in Christianity Milestones in Christianity (7 Sacraments) Reformation (Protestant and Counter reformation) - notes - Council of trent (reaffirming 7 sacraments, church as authority, and salvation Prominent Figures (Jesus, Martin Luther) - Although Jesus lived and died in the 1st century CE, (estimated to be born somewhere around 4BCE to 0CE, and died 33 years later) the central beliefs of the faith were not established until the 4th century. Sacred Symbols - Chi ro: P and X represented the 2 letters in greek meaning Christ  - Alpha and Omega: A and O the last letters in the greek alphabet symbolizing God is the beginning and the end - Fish: symbolizes Christ himself, used to identify christians during the time in persecution, Jesus told his disciples he would make them fishers of men (spreading the gospel) - Cross: shown to show us how much God loves us and his scarification on the cross for us, reminds us about he died for our salvation, ad used in jewelry, grave markers, and in communion - Dove: symbolizes the holy spirit and God's spirit at the baptism of Jesus Questions to Consider: 1. What is the holiest period in Christianity? Holy week 2. Name the main symbols of Christianity. 3. Explain at least five Christian celebrations. 5. Explain at least 4 major milestones. 6. Outline the main causes of the Great Schism.