Matter in Liquid and Solid Phases PDF

MATTER IN LIQUID AND SOLID PHASE CHAPTER 3 BELLWORK 1. Types of Intermolecular Forces of Attraction 2. Kinetic Molecular Theory 3. Properties of Liquids 4. Properties of Solids  MATTER IN LIQUID 01 PHASE Properties of Liquids Water and its Properties...

MATTER IN LIQUID AND SOLID PHASE CHAPTER 3 BELLWORK 1. Types of Intermolecular Forces of Attraction 2. Kinetic Molecular Theory 3. Properties of Liquids 4. Properties of Solids  MATTER IN LIQUID 01 PHASE Properties of Liquids Water and its Properties PROPERTIES of LIQUIDS SURFACE determined by attractive forces TENSION 02 VISCOSITY 01 CAPILLARY 03 ACTION  VISCOSITY the resistance of the liquid to flow. VISCOSITY Cooking Oil Gasoline Question1: Which of the following liquids has a higher viscosity? VISCOSITY Cooking oil (more than 12 Carbons) is more viscous than gasoline (with 7-8 Carbons) due to the stronger London Dispersion Force. VISCOSITY Glycerol Isopropyl Alcohol Question2: Which of the following liquids has a higher viscosity? VISCOSITY Glycerol (with 3 OH groups) is more viscous than isopropyl alcohol (1 OH group) because of more H Bonding.  Polar molecules and molecules with complex structures tend to have higher VISCOSITY viscosity. The resistance of the liquid to flow. Question3: What is the opposite of viscosity? PROPERTIES of LIQUIDS SURFACE determined by attractive forces TENSION 02 VISCOSITY 01 CAPILLARY 03 ACTION  SURFACE TENSION “The force that causes the molecules on the surface of a liquid to “tighten their hold to one another”, creating the effect of a thin membrane on the surface.”  Substances with strong attractive forces between molecules have high surface “The force that causes the molecules on the surface of a liquid tensions. to “tighten their hold to one another”, creating the effect of a thin membrane on the surface.”  Surface tension is temperature- dependent; it decreases as temperature “The force that causes the molecules on the surface of a liquid increases. (EXPLAIN) to “tighten their hold to one another”, creating the effect of a thin membrane on the surface.”  Picture shows right before breaking the surface tension. “The force that causes the molecules on the surface of a liquid to “tighten their hold to one another”, creating the effect of a thin membrane on the surface.” PROPERTIES of LIQUIDS SURFACE determined by attractive forces TENSION 02 VISCOSITY 01 CAPILLARY 03 ACTION  CAPILLARY ACTION The spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube  CAPILLARY ACTION This action results from the cohesive forces (intermolecular forces) within the liquid and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container is greater than the attraction within the liquid itself, the liquid will rise within the container. CAPILLARY ACTION Question4: Comparing the two liquids, which has greater adhesive forces? Explain. WATER and its Properties Chemical Properties 02 Physical Properties 01  Physical Properties of Water Water is the only natural substance that is found in all three phases: liquid, solid (ice), and gas (steam) at temperatures normally existing in our planet.  Physical Properties of Water Pure Water is an odourless and tasteless liquid. It has a bluish tint. At standard atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg), its freezing point is 0ºC and boiling point is 100ºC. Density. Water is at its maximum density at a temperature of 4ºC. It has the unusual property of contracting in volume as it is cooled to 4ºC, and then expanding when cooled from 4ºC to 0ºC. Question: Why solid ice floats on water? (both are water)  Physical Properties of Water Composition and Structure of Water  Chemical Properties of Water Water is a very stable substance, it takes part in many chemical reactions. 1. Water reacts with metals. A. Potassium, Sodium, and Calcium react similarly with water, producing metal hydroxides and liberating hydrogen gas, but they differ in the intensity or vigorousness of their reactions. B. Aluminum, Zinc, and Iron react with steam at high temperature, forming hydrogen and metallic oxides.  Chemical Properties of Water Water is a very stable substance, it takes part in many chemical reactions. 2. Water reacts with non-metals. The element fluorine reacts violently with cold water, producing hydrogen fluoride and free oxygen.  Chemical Properties of Water Water is a very stable substance, it takes part in many chemical reactions. 3. Water reacts with metallic oxides. Soluble oxides like CaO and Na2O react with water to form hydroxides.  Chemical Properties of Water Water is a very stable substance, it takes part in many chemical reactions. 4. Water reacts with non-metallic oxides. CO2, SO2, and N2O react with water to form acids. Write the 12 balanced chemical equations of the reactions of water as described above.  MATTER IN SOLID 02 PHASE Properties of Solids Classes of Solids  Properties of SOLIDS The particles of solid have less kinetic energy so the movement of the particles is very limited, though possible, like vibrational motion about a fixed point. Properties of SOLIDS An increase in the temperature of a solid brings about an increase in the kinetic energy of the particles and may cause them to move about but still within the limits of the attractive forces holding them. Properties of SOLIDS If heat is added to a solid and the molecular motion increases sufficiently, the attractive forces are overcome so that the particles are no loner held in fixed positions. The solid melts.  Classes of SOLIDS Solids are classified into: Amorphous Solid Crystalline Solid  Classes of SOLIDS Amorphous Solid -does not adopt the same form. Its constituent particles are randomly arranged. -results of the melting , cooling and solidifying of liquids before particles can achieve internal order. -having large molecules that are tangled together.  Classes of SOLIDS Crystalline Solid The constituent particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) have an orderly arrangement, that is, it has regularly arranged structure units with characteristic geometric forms. Thus, crystals show regular shapes which reflect the arrangement of the particles within them.  Classes of SOLIDS Crystalline Solid The constituent particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) have an orderly arrangement, that is, it has regularly arranged structure units with characteristic geometric forms. Thus, crystals show regular shapes which reflect the arrangement of the particles within them.  MATTER IN LIQUID AND SOLID PHASE CHAPTER 3