Chapter 2 Self Test PDF

1. Match each of the following structures with its correct anatomic term. ______ 1. Breastbone ______ 2. Adam’s apple ______ 3. Shoulder blade ______ 4. Voice box ______ 5. Collarbone A. Clavicle B. Larynx C. Thyroid cartilage D. Scapula E. Sternum 2. The correct term for the seventh cervical verteb...

1. Match each of the following structures with its correct anatomic term. ______ 1. Breastbone ______ 2. Adam’s apple ______ 3. Shoulder blade ______ 4. Voice box ______ 5. Collarbone A. Clavicle B. Larynx C. Thyroid cartilage D. Scapula E. Sternum 2. The correct term for the seventh cervical vertebrae is: A. Xiphoid process B. Jugular notch C. Axis D. Vertebra prominens 3. A notch, or depression, located on the superior portion of the sternum is called the: A. Sternal notch B. Xiphoid notch C. Jugular notch D. Sternal angle 4. The trachea bifurcates and forms the: A. Right and left bronchi B. Right and left hilum C. Costophrenic angles D. Pulmonary arteries 5. A specific prominence, or ridge, found at the point where the internal distal trachea divides into the right and left bronchi, is called the: A. Hilum B. Carina C. Epiglottis D. Alveoli 6. The area of each lung where the bronchi and blood vessels enter and leave is called the: A. Carina B. Apex C. Base D. Hilum 7. The structures within the lung in which oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange occurs are called: A. Carina B. Alveoli C. Hilum D. Bronchi 8. Which of the following is not an aspect of the pleura? A. Parietal pleura B. Hilar pleura C. Pleural cavity D. Pulmonary pleura 9. The condition in which blood fills the potential space between the layers of pleura is called: A. Pneumothorax B. Hemothorax C. Atelectasis D. Empyema 10. The extreme, outermost lower corner of each lung is called the: A. Costophrenic angle B. Apex C. Base D. Hilar region 11. Which of the following structures is not found in the mediastinum? A. Thymus gland B. Heart and great vessels C. Epiglottis D. Trachea 12. A narrow thorax that is shallow from the front to back but very long in the vertical dimension is characteristic of a(n) ____________________ body habitus. A. Hypersthenic B. Sthenic C. Hyposthenic D. Asthenic 13. Identify the best technical factors for adult chest radiography from the following choices. A. 70 to 85 kVp, 40-inch (100-cm) SID B. 110 to 120 kVp, 40-inch (100-cm) SID C. 110 to 120 kVp, 60-inch (150-cm) SID D. 125 kVp, 72-inch (180-cm) SID 14. Match the correct answers for the structures labeled on this midsagittal section of the pharynx and upper airway (Fig. 2.7). ______ A. ______ B. ______ C. ______ D. ______ E. ______ F. ______ G. ______ H. ______ I. ______ J. ______ K. ______ L. ______ M. 1. Laryngopharynx 2. Uvula 3. Epiglottis 4. Esophagus 5. Spinal cord 6. Oral cavity 7. Hyoid bone 8. Nasopharynx 9. Thyroid gland 10. Oropharynx 11. Larynx 12. Hard palate 13. Thyroid cartilage Image Fig. 2.7 Midsagittal section of the pharynx and upper airway. 15. Identify the structures labeled on this CT axial section of the thorax at the level of T3 (the third thoracic vertebra) (Fig. 2.8). A. ______________ B. ______________ C. ______________ D. ______________ Image Fig. 2.8 Computed tomography axial section of the thorax at the level of T3. 16. Identify the structures on this CT axial section of the thorax at the approximate level of T4–T5, 1 cm proximal to carina (Hint: B, E, and F are major blood vessels) (Fig. 2.9). A. ______________ B. ______________ C. ______________ D. ______________ E. ______________ F. ______________ G. ______________ H. ______________ Image Fig. 2.9 Computed tomography axial section of the thorax at the approximate level of T4–T5. 17. What is the name of the special immobilization device used for pediatric chest studies? A. Pigg-O-Stat B. Restraining chair C. Chest immobilizer D. Franklin unit 18. Which of the following exposure factors is recommended for a chest study of a young pediatric patient? A. 110–125 kVp, short exposure time B. 90–105 kVp, medium exposure time C. 70–85 kVp, short exposure time D. 60–75 kVp, long exposure time 19. Which of the following is not a valid reason to perform chest projections with the patient in the erect position? A. To reduce patient dose B. To demonstrate air and fluid levels C. To allow the diaphragm to move down farther D. To prevent hyperemia of pulmonary vessels 20. Why are the shoulders pressed downward and toward the IR for a PA projection of the chest? A. To allow visualization of air-filled larynx B. To prevent hyperemia of pulmonary vessels C. To allow the diaphragm to move down farther D. To reduce chest rotation 21. Why are the shoulders rolled forward for a PA projection of the chest? A. To remove scapulae from lung fields B. To prevent hyperemia of pulmonary vessels C. To allow the diaphragm to move down farther D. To reduce chest rotation 22. Where is the central ray placed for an AP supine projection of the chest? A. 7 to 8 inches (18 to 20 cm) below the vertebra prominens B. 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) below the jugular notch C. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch D. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the thyroid cartilage 23. Which of the following terms is defined as a “shortness of breath?” A. Dyspnea B. Bronchiectasis C. Pleurisy D. Atelectasis 24. A condition in which all or a portion of the lung is collapsed is: A. Atelectasis B. Pleural effusion C. Pneumothorax D. Pneumoconiosis 25. A condition in which excess fluid builds in the lungs as a result of obstruction of the pulmonary circulation is termed: A. Pulmonary emboli B. Pneumothorax C. Pulmonary edema D. Bronchopneumonia 26. A sudden blockage of an artery in the lung is called: A. Pleurisy B. Pulmonary emboli C. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 27. Which of the following is not a form of occupational lung disease? A. Asbestosis B. Silicosis C. Anthracosis D. Tuberculosis 28. Manual analog exposure factors for a patient with a large pneumothorax should: A. Be reduced B. Remain the same C. Be increased D. Change from automatic exposure control (AEC) to the manual technique 29. A PA chest radiograph shows that the left sternoclavicular joint is superimposed over the spine (in comparison with the right joint). What specific positioning error is involved? A. Poor inspiration B. Rotation into a right anterior oblique (RAO) position C. Rotation into a left anterior oblique (LAO) position D. Tilting of the chest toward the left 30. A PA chest radiograph demonstrates 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm. Is this an acceptable degree of inspiration? ______ Yes ______ No 31. A PA and lateral chest radiographic study has been completed. The PA projection shows the right costophrenic angle was collimated off, but both angles are included on the lateral projection. Would you repeat the PA projection? ______ Yes ______ No 32. A lateral chest radiograph demonstrates the soft tissue of the upper limbs is superimposed over the apices of the lungs. How can this situation be prevented? A. Deeper inspiration B. Extend chin C. Slight rotation to the patient’s left D. Raise upper limbs higher 33. A lateral chest radiograph shows that the posterior ribs and costophrenic angles are separated by approximately inch (slightly less than 1" (2.5 cm)). Should the technologist repeat this projection? ______ Yes ______ No 34. Situation: A radiograph of an AP lordotic projection shows that the clavicles are projected within the apices. The clinical instructor informs the student technologist that the study is unacceptable, but during the repeat exposure the patient complains of being too unsteady to lean backward for another projection. What other options are available if the student wants to complete the study? A. Perform the PA lordotic projection B. Perform an AP semiaxial projection C. Perform both lateral decubitus projections D. Perform inspiration and expiration PA projections 35. Situation: An ambulatory patient with a clinical history of advanced emphysema enters the emergency room. The patient is having difficulty breathing and is receiving oxygen. The physician has ordered a PA and lateral chest study. Should the technologist alter the manual exposure factors for this patient? A. No. Use the standard exposure factors. B. Yes. Increase the exposure factors. C. Yes. Decrease the exposure factors. D. No. Increase the SID instead of changing the exposure factors. 36. Situation: A patient enters the ER with an injury to the chest. The ER physician suspects a pneumothorax may be present in the right lung. The patient is unable to stand or sit erect. Which specific position or projection can be performed to confirm the presence of the pneumothorax? A. Left lateral decubitus B. Inspiration and expiration PA C. Right lateral decubitus D. AP lordotic 37. Situation: A PA and lateral chest study shows a suspicious mass located near the heart in the right lung. The radiologist would like a radiograph of the patient in an anterior oblique position to delineate the mass from the heart. Which position or projection should the technologist use to accomplish this objective? A. 45° LAO B. 45° RAO C. 60° LAO D. AP lordotic 38. Situation: A patient with a history of pulmonary edema comes to the radiology department and is unable to stand. The physician suspects fluid in the left lung. Which specific projection should be used to confirm this diagnosis? A. Right lateral decubitus B. AP semiaxial C. AP lordotic D. Left lateral decubitus