Technology in Action Chapter 1 16th Edition PDF

Technology in Action 16th Edition Chapter 1 The Impact of Technology in a Changing World...

Technology in Action 16th Edition Chapter 1 The Impact of Technology in a Changing World Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Chapter Objectives 1.1 Describe various technological tools being used to impact national and global issues. 1.2 Describe various global social issues that are being affected by technology. 1.3 Describe how technology is changing how and why we connect and collaborate with others. 1.4 Summarize how technology has impacted the way we choose and consume products and services. 1.5 Characterize computer literacy and explain why it is important to be computer literate. 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Chapter Objectives…. Cont. 1.6 Describe artificial intelligence systems and explain their main goals. 1.7 Describe how artificial intelligence and other information technologies are important in many careers. 1.8 Define ethics and describe various ethical systems. 1.9 Describe influences on the development of your personal ethics. 1.10 Present examples of how technology creates ethical challenges. Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 3  Technology in a Global Society Accelerating change around the world Galvanizing people in new ways 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Technology in a Global Society Impact of Tools of Modern Technology Social networking tools enable groups to connect and exchange ideas Crisis-mapping tools collect and map information and make it publicly available 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Technology in a Global Society Global Issues (1 of 2) Health care Develop and deliver vaccines Increased vaccine production Computer programs help to design new helmets The Environment Data could alert scientists to new trends 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Technology in a Global Society Global Issues (2 of 2) The Digital Divide Great gap exists between levels of Internet access and availability of technical tools Prevents use of all minds to solve planet’s problems 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Technology Connects Us with Others Technology Impacts How and Why We Connect and Collaborate (1 of 2) We collaborate for the benefit of others Web 2.0 New set of features and functionality that allows easy content contribution and facilitates easy connections with others International collaboration Cognitive Surplus Combination of leisure time and tools to be creative (share knowledge and improve society) 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Technology Connects Us with Others Technology Impacts How and Why We Connect and Collaborate (2 of 2) Business Crowdfunding is using the Internet to get small donations from a large number of people to start a business 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Technology Connects Us with Others Technology Impacts How We Consume (1 of 2) Marketing technology helps us to: Decide what to purchase Actual buying process of goods and services Marketing Strategies QR (quick response) codes: Link to online information and video content Crowdsourcing: Obtaining service, ideas, information, or opinions from a large group of people who submit their data via the Internet, social media, and smartphone apps. Such as: online reviews about products, Radarbot, Wikipedia, ….) 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Technology Connects Us with Others Technology Impacts How We Consume (2 of 2) Access Versus Ownership ZipCar Citi Bike Collaborative Consumption: Joining together as a group to use a specific product more efficiently 1 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 1  Difference between Computer Literate and Information System Literate Computer literate Understand capabilities and limitations of computers Know how to use computers safely and efficiently Awareness of computers, their current influence, and a fair knowledge of how they work 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Difference between Computer Literate and Information System Literate Information systems literate Knowledge of how & why data, information, knowledge, computer, & information technology are used by organizations and individuals Knowing how to use information technology to help an organization achieve its business goals and to gain a competitive advantage 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved Being a Savvy Computer User: Avoiding hackers and viruses Protecting your privacy Understanding the real risks Using the Internet and the Web wisely Be able to maintain, upgrade, and troubleshoot your computer 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Artificial Intelligence Definition Intelligence: ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills (experiences, reasoning, problem solving, perception, and using language) Artificial intelligence (AI): systems or machines which perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence. (create a machine that could think like a human) In other words, AI is a collection of many different technologies working together to enable machines to sense, comprehend, act, and learn with human-like levels of intelligence Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 15  Artificial Intelligence Importance Today, the amount of data that is generated, by both humans and machines, far outpaces humans’ ability to absorb, interpret, and make complex decisions based on that data. Artificial intelligence forms the basis for all computer learning and is the future of all complex decision making Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 16  Artificial Intelligence Developments and Contributions AI Developments and Contributions: Problem-Solving and Decision Making Natural language processing (NLP): is the ability of a computer program to understand human language as it's spoken and written Machine Learning: learn from data, and make decisions based on what it has learned.(ChatGPT is a product of machine learning) Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 17  Artificial Intelligence Developments and Contributions … Cont. AI Developments and Contributions: … Continued Deep Learning: create an “artificial neural network” that can learn and make intelligent decisions on its own (like human brain) Robotics and Automation Enhancing Healthcare and Medicine: analyze medical images (e.g., X-rays, MRIs, ultrasounds, CT scans) and assist in identifying and diagnosing Patients’ diseases more accurately and quickly, predict potential health risks, big role in preventive medication Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 18  Artificial Intelligence Examples Some Examples of Artificial Intelligence: 1. Autonomous Vehicles (Tesla) 2. Maps and Navigation 3. Facial Detection and Recognition 4. Text Editors or Autocorrect 5. Search and Recommendation Algorithms 6. Chatbots 7. Digital Assistants 8. Social Media 9. E-Payments Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 19  Artificial Intelligence Advantages AI Advantages: – Efficiency and productivity: Streamlining tasks, saving time, money, and resources Automating repetitive tasks such as data entry, customer service, and perform them faster and more accurately – Improves access to education and healthcare – Improves agriculture and reduces its environmental impact – Aids in the fight against climate change, poverty, and hunger – AI virtual assistants can help with scheduling appointments, managing emails, and performing simple research tasks or analyzing long, complex documents – Helps make better decisions, and create new types of jobs Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 20  Artificial Intelligence Disadvantages AI Disadvantages: – Costly implementation – Reduce Employment (human job loss) – Lacks Creative Ability – Dependency and Reliability – Absence of Emotions – Privacy and Data Security Concerns – Increases Potential for Human Laziness – Ethical Dilemma (It is crucial to ensure that AI is developed and used in an ethical and responsible manner, to avoid any unintended negative consequences) Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 21  Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (1 of 6) Retail Data mining Process of searching huge amounts of data for relationships and patterns Respond to consumer buying/usage patterns Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 22  Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (2 of 6) Banking Uses AI to help spot fraud Transportation Autopilots on commercial airplanes Autonomous vehicles https://youtu.be/iRIn4-5TmUM Robots and Embodied Agents https://youtu.be/EjDU4X1j0iE Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 23  Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (3 of 6) Education Course management software such as Blackboard and Moodle Speed up the grading process Plagiarism checkers Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 24  Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (4 of 6) Law Enforcement Computers used in police cars Solve crimes Facial reconstruction Computer forensics 25 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (5 of 6) Medicine Help doctors diagnose unfamiliar conditions Being integrated into patient information systems Used to design and construct prosthetic devices 26 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (6 of 6) Psychology MACH—My Automated Conversation CoacH (improve interpersonal skills for people with autism) Affective computing (can recognize and simulate human emotions) 27 Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved  Ethical Computing Defining Ethics Ethics: the study of morals and specific moral choices made Laws: formal, written standards designed to apply to everyone Unethical behavior: not conforming to approved standards Amoral behavior: no sense of right and wrong Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 28  Ethical Computing Ethics and technology (1 of 3) Intellectual Property Work that is the result of someone’s creativity and knowledge Protected by copyrights, patents, and trademarks Privacy Control and privacy of information will continue to be a fine balancing act Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 29  Ethical Computing Ethics and technology (2 of 3) Social Justice Predictive policing to prevent crime Military and government secrets and previously secret documents (WikiLeaks) Liability 3D printing can lead to quality control issues Censorship Global differences in website blocking Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 30  Ethical Computing Ethics and technology (3 of 3) Social Activism Hacktivism is using computers and computer networks in a subversive way Often manifests as denial of service attacks Automated Robotic Machinery Self-driving cars Choose between sets of bad choices Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 31 Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2020 Pearson All Rights Reserved 32