Chapter 1: Technology's Global Impact
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Questions and Answers

How does technology influence global social issues?

  • It provides solutions to social problems through innovations. (correct)
  • It disconnects communities by isolating individuals.
  • It reduces the need for social interactions among people.
  • It generally only serves entertainment purposes.

What is one main goal of artificial intelligence systems?

  • To perform tasks that require human intelligence. (correct)
  • To create confusion in human resource roles.
  • To eliminate the need for computer literacy.
  • To completely replace human decision-making.

Why is computer literacy considered important in the modern world?

  • It eliminates the need for ethical considerations.
  • It guarantees high-paying job positions.
  • It allows individuals to navigate technology with ease. (correct)
  • It primarily benefits older generations.

How has technology impacted consumer behavior?

<p>It has streamlined the process of product and service selection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one ethical challenge created by technology?

<p>Ensuring data privacy and protection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of social networking tools as described?

<p>They enable groups to connect and share ideas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a function of crisis-mapping tools?

<p>They collect and publicly map information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant impact of the Digital Divide?

<p>It hinders the use of diverse perspectives to solve problems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive surplus refers to what combination of factors?

<p>Leisure time and tools for creativity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does crowdfunding primarily operate?

<p>By collecting small donations from many people online. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which marketing strategy uses QR codes effectively?

<p>It connects consumers directly to online information and content. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of marketing technology?

<p>To enhance the buying process of goods and services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does crowdsourcing involve?

<p>Aggregate data from a large group via online platforms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between being computer literate and being information systems literate?

<p>Information systems literacy includes understanding organizational use of technology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes collaborative consumption?

<p>Pooling resources together to optimize product use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of a savvy computer user?

<p>Being able to write complex software programs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does artificial intelligence (AI) primarily relate to human intelligence?

<p>AI systems perform tasks that require human-like reasoning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key aspect of technology's impact on consumption today?

<p>Access to services is often preferred over ownership. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to maintain safe computer use as mentioned in being a savvy computer user?

<p>Using strong passwords and securing personal information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the role of a computer literate person?

<p>They possess awareness of technological influence on society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the concept of ownership in the context of technology's influence on society?

<p>Effective technology use can lessen the need for ownership. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of artificial intelligence as described in the content?

<p>To enable machines to sense, comprehend, act, and learn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technologies is specifically mentioned as a component of artificial intelligence?

<p>Natural language processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does deep learning play in artificial intelligence?

<p>It creates artificial neural networks that learn independently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does artificial intelligence contribute to healthcare and medicine?

<p>By analyzing medical images and predicting health risks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which application is AI used as an example for enhancing the user experience?

<p>Search engines and recommendation algorithms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sets machine learning apart as a significant aspect of AI?

<p>It allows machines to learn from data and make decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an application of artificial intelligence?

<p>Standard printer functionality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of artificial intelligence in today's data-driven world?

<p>It forms the basis for computer learning and complex decision making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major advantages of artificial intelligence in the workplace?

<p>Enhances efficiency and productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage associated with implementing AI?

<p>Can lead to job loss for human workers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector utilizes AI to help detect fraudulent activities?

<p>Banking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one ethical concern related to the use of AI technologies?

<p>Privacy and data security issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In agriculture, how does AI contribute positively according to the advantages listed?

<p>Improves agricultural practices with less environmental impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does AI assist in the medical field?

<p>By helping doctors diagnose unfamiliar conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'data mining' refer to in a retail context?

<p>Searching for patterns in large data sets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines unethical behavior in terms of moral choices?

<p>Not conforming to approved standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do AI virtual assistants play in professional environments?

<p>Assisting with basic administrative tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does affective computing relate to psychology?

<p>It recognizes and simulates human emotions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern regarding automated robotic machinery?

<p>Choosing between sets of bad choices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to subversive computer network activities for social activism?

<p>Hacktivism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example depicts the ethical implication of censorship in technology?

<p>Blocking social media platforms by governments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recurring ethical consideration when implementing AI in society?

<p>Ensuring ethical and responsible AI development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Technology's impact

Technology affects national and global issues, social interactions, product consumption, and career paths.

Computer literacy

Essential knowledge and skills to use computers effectively for tasks in daily life and in the workplace.

Artificial intelligence

Computer systems designed to simulate human intelligence and perform tasks that typically require human effort.

Ethical challenges

Issues that arise when technology is used in various contexts.

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Global social issues

Social problems or issues worldwide that are often influenced by technological advancements.

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Social Networking Tools

Tools that connect people and facilitate the exchange of ideas.

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Crisis Mapping Tools

Tools that collect and map information about crises, making it available publicly.

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Global Issues (Health)

Technology's role in health care, including vaccine development and delivery, and design of tools.

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Global Issues (Environment)

Technology's role in environmental issues, including using data to identify trends.

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Digital Divide

The gap in access to the internet and technology between different groups.

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Web 2.0

A new way of using the internet that allows easier content contribution and connection.

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Cognitive Surplus

Free time and tools used for creative collaborations and societal improvements.

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Crowdfunding

Raising capital for a project through small donations from many people via the internet.

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Collaborative Consumption

Using a product more efficiently by sharing it as a group.

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Computer Literate

Understanding computers' capabilities and limitations, knowing how to use them safely.

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Information Systems Literate

Knowing how data, information, and technology are used in organizations.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Machines performing tasks normally done by humans.

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Access vs Ownership (Technology)

Sharing items like cars and bikes instead of buying them outright.

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Computer Literacy (Key skills)

Using computers safely and efficiently, troubleshoots problems.

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Intelligence (Human)

Ability to use knowledge and skills, from experiences and problem solving to language.

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Savvy Computer User

A computer user who safely and wisely uses the internet, avoiding hackers and viruses, maintaining the computer.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

A collection of technologies enabling machines to sense, comprehend, act, and learn with human-like intelligence.

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Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Computer programs' ability to understand human language, spoken and written.

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Machine Learning

AI technology where machines learn from data and make decisions based on what they have learned.

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Deep Learning

AI that creates 'artificial neural networks' that learn and make intelligent decisions independently, similar to the human brain.

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Autonomous Vehicles

Vehicles that can operate without human control.

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Problem-Solving and Decision Making

AI's ability to address challenges and make choices.

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Healthcare AI

Utilizing AI in medicine to analyze medical images for disease detection and prediction.

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Data Overload

The immense volume of data generated that exceeds human processing abilities.

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AI Advantages

AI boosts efficiency, productivity, and access to education/healthcare, agriculture, and climate solutions.

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AI Disadvantages

AI implementation costs, job displacement, lack of creativity, over-reliance, emotionlessness, privacy concerns, and potential for laziness are issues.

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Data Mining

Analyzing large datasets (data) to find patterns to predict trends.

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Retail AI

AI in retail uses data analysis to understand consumer buying habits.

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Banking AI

AI is used in banking to detect fraudulent activities.

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Transportation AI

AI enables self-driving cars and automated airplane piloting.

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Education AI

AI aids education by managing courses and assisting with grading.

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Law Enforcement AI

AI helps law enforcement by solving crimes, reconstructing faces, etc.

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Medicine AI

AI aids doctors in diagnosing diseases and designing protheses.

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Psychology AI

AI assists in improving interpersonal skills or recognizing emotions.

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Ethical Computing

Study of ethical choices in technology.

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Intellectual Property

Safeguarding creative works like copyrights and patents.

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Privacy

Controlling how personal information is used.

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Social Justice

Fairness and equality in the use of technology, especially by governments.

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Hacktivism

Using computers for subversive activities, often causing disruption.

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Study Notes

Chapter 1: The Impact of Technology in a Changing World

  • Chapter objectives include describing various technological tools impacting national and global issues, describing global social issues affected by technology, describing how technology changes connections and collaboration, summarizing technology's impact on product choices, characterizing computer literacy, describing artificial intelligence systems and their goals, defining ethics and different ethical systems, describing influences on personal ethics, and presenting examples of technology creating ethical challenges.

Technology in a Global Society

  • Technology accelerates change and galvanizes people in new ways.
  • Social networking tools enable groups to connect and exchange ideas.
  • Crisis-mapping tools collect and map information, making it publicly available.

Global Issues

  • Healthcare: Technology develops and delivers vaccines, increases vaccine production, and uses computer programs to design new helmets.
  • The Environment: Data analysis aids in alerting scientists to new environmental trends.
  • The Digital Divide: A significant gap exists between levels of internet access and technical tool availability, hindering the use of global minds for problem-solving.

Technology Connecting Us with Others

  • Web 2.0: A new set of features allows easy content contribution and facilitates easy connections with others, including international collaboration.
  • Cognitive Surplus: Leisure time and tools combine to enable creativity and knowledge sharing to improve society.
  • Business: Crowdfunding uses the internet to gather small donations from many people to start businesses.

Technology Impacting Consumption

  • Marketing technology helps decide what to buy and influences the buying process, from actual purchases to online reviews.
  • Marketing Strategies: Quick response (QR) codes provide links to online information and video content; crowdsourcing gathers ideas and opinions from large groups of people, used widely in social media and smartphone apps like online reviews or product comparison sites like Wikipedia.

Access vs. Ownership

  • Technology offers alternatives to product ownership, like Zipcar and Citi Bike, promoting collaborative consumption.

Computer Literacy vs Information Systems Literacy

  • Computer Literate: Understanding computer capabilities and limitations, using computers safely and efficiently, and awareness of their influence.
  • Information Systems Literate: Understanding how and why data, knowledge, and information technology are used by organizations and individuals, and using technology to achieve business goals and gain competitive advantages.

Being a Savvy Computer User

  • Avoid hackers and viruses; protect privacy; understand real risks; use the internet wisely; maintain, update, and troubleshoot computers.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

  • Definition: Intelligence is the ability to acquire and use knowledge and skills, including reasoning, problem-solving and using language. AI refers to machines performing tasks usually associated with human intelligence.
  • Importance: Today's data generation (both human and machine) surpasses human capacity to absorb, interpret, and make decisions. AI forms the basis for computer learning and the future of complex decision-making.
  • Developments and Contributions: AI focuses on problem-solving and decision-making, including natural language processing (NLP) where computers can understand spoken and written language; machine learning where computers learn from data and make decisions, like ChatGPT; deep learning creating artificial neural networks resembling a human brain; Robotics; and Enhancing Healthcare and Medicine using AI to analyze medical images.
  • Examples: Autonomous vehicles, maps, facial detection/recognition, text editors/autocorrect, search algorithms, chatbots, digital assistants, social media and e-payments.
  • Advantages: AI increases efficiency and productivity, automates tasks (fast data entry, customer service), improves access to education and healthcare, aids in battling climate change, poverty, and hunger.
  • Disadvantages: AI has costly implementation; it can reduce employment opportunities; it often lacks creative ability; and some technologies struggle with dependency and reliability; there's also an absence of emotions, privacy and data security concerns, and potential for increasing human laziness.

Working with AI and Other Technologies

  • Retail: Data mining processes huge amounts of data for relationships and patterns to respond to customer buying and usage patterns.
  • Banking: AI helps detect fraud.
  • Transportation: AI is used in autopilots and autonomous vehicles.
  • Education: Course management software (like Blackboard and Moodle) and plagiarism checkers are examples.
  • Law Enforcement: Computers assist in police cars, solving crimes, facial reconstruction, and computer forensics.
  • Medicine: AI helps diagnose unfamiliar conditions by analyzing medical images (X-rays, MRIs, ultrasounds, CT scans).
  • Psychology: AI-powered tools improve interpersonal skills (e.g., MACH) and can recognize and simulate human emotions (e.g., affective computing).

Ethical Computing

  • Ethics: The study of morals and specific moral choices made.
  • Laws: Formal, written standards to apply to everyone.
  • Unethical Behavior: Not conforming to approved standards.
  • Amoral Behavior: Lack of a sense of right and wrong.
  • Intellectual Property: Work resulting from creativity and knowledge, protected by copyrights, patents, and trademarks.
  • Privacy: The control and privacy of information remains a complex balancing act.
  • Social Justice: Ethical considerations around predictive policing, military secrets, and government transparency (e.g., WikiLeaks) are relevant.
  • Liability: 3D printing and quality control issues.
  • Censorship: Global variations in website blocking.
  • Social Activism: Use of computers for activism, including hacktivism.
  • Automated Robotic Machinery: Raises ethical considerations like self-driving cars regarding choices.

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