Smart Grid: Introduction PDF

Smart Grid: Introduction Instructor Dr. Walid G. Morsi Ibrahim, Ph.D., P.Eng., SMIEEE Professor Smart Grid & Electric Vehicles Research Laboratory Energy Research Centre (ERC) Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering and Applied Scie...

Smart Grid: Introduction Instructor Dr. Walid G. Morsi Ibrahim, Ph.D., P.Eng., SMIEEE Professor Smart Grid & Electric Vehicles Research Laboratory Energy Research Centre (ERC) Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Ontario Tech University ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 1 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024  About Me  Received B.Sc. (Eng) and M.Sc. (Eng.) in 1998 and 2002 from Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.  Received Ph.D. in 2009 from Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada  Worked for six years as Research Assistant in Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.  Worked for one year as an Assistant professor in University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.  Have been at Ontario Tech University since August 2010, as Full Professor since 2021, doing teaching and research in the area of Smart Grid Power Systems.  Licensed Professional Engineer (P.Eng.) in the province of Ontario with Professional Engineers of Ontario (PEO) and Senior Member IEEE  Published 46 refereed journal papers and 47 refereed conference proceedings. ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 2 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024  Legacy Electric Power System o Legacy electric power systems, which have developed over the past 70 years, feed electrical power from large central generators up through generator transformers to a high voltage interconnected network, known as the transmission grid. o Each individual generator unit, whether powered by hydropower, nuclear power or fossil fueled, is large with a rating of up to 1000 MW. o The transmission grid is used to transport the electrical power, sometimes over considerable distances, and this power is then extracted and passed through a series of distribution transformers to final circuits for delivery to the end customers. Source: Boundless. “Transformers.” Boundless Physics. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015 ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 3 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024  Smart Grid Driver Operational Security of Constraints Supply Ending the Aging Assets Reliance on Imported Oil Thermal Smart Digital Grade Power Constraints Grid Quality ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 4 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024  Smart Grid Definitions o European Technology Platform: "A Smart Grid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it - generators, consumers and those that do both - in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies." o US Department of Energy: "A smart grid uses digital technology to improve reliability, security, and efficiency (both economic and energy) of the electric system from large generation, through the delivery systems to electricity consumers and a growing number of distributed-generation and storage resources." o Smarter Grid:The Opportunity "A smart grid uses sensing, embedded processing and digital communications to enable the electricity grid to be observable (able to be measured and visualized), controllable (able to manipulated and optimized), automated (able to adapt and self-heal), fully integrated (fully interoperable with existing systems and with the capacity to incorporate a diverse set of energy sources)." ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 5 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024  Early Smart Grid Initiatives o Active Distribution Networks o Power flow is not unidirectional o distributed generators give rise to a wide range of fault currents and hence complex protection and coordination settings are required to protect the network o the reactive power flow on the network can be independent of the active power flows o many types of DGs are interfaced through power electronics and may inject harmonics into the network Distribution network active management scheme ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 6 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024  Early Smart Grid Initiatives o Active Distribution Networks: Distribution Management System Controller (DMSC) o The DMSC obtains measurements from the network and sends signals to the devices under its control. Control actions may be a transformer tap operation, altering the DG output and injection/absorption of reactive power. o The DMSC controller building blocks can assess operating conditions and find the control settings for devices connected to the network. o The key functions of the DMSC are state estimation, bad data detection and the calculation of optimal control settings ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 7 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024  Early Smart Grid Initiatives o Virtual Power Plant (VPP) o The concept of a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is to aggregate many small generators into blocks that can be controlled by the system operator and then their energy output is traded. o The VPP concept allows individual DERs to gain access to and visibility in the energy markets. o Furthermore, system operators can benefit from the optimal use of all the available capacity connected to the network Source: Siemens Energy ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 8 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024  Technologies Required For the Smart Grid o Information and Communications Technologies: o two-way communication technologies to provide connectivity between different components in the power system and loads o open architectures for plug-and-play of home appliances; electric vehicles and microgeneration; o communications, and the necessary software and hardware to provide customers with greater information, enable customers to trade in energy markets and enable customers to provide demand- side response; o software to ensure and maintain the security of information and standards to provide scalability and interoperability of information and communication systems. ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 9 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024  Technologies Required For the Smart Grid o Sensing, Measurement, Control and Automation Technologies: o Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) to provide advanced protective relaying, measurements, fault records and event records for the power system; o Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) and Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) to ensure the security of the power system; o integrated sensors, measurements, control and automation systems and information and communication technologies to provide rapid diagnosis and timely response to any event in different parts of the power system. o smart appliances, communication, controls and monitors to maximize safety, comfort, convenience, and energy savings of homes; o smart meters, communication, displays and associated software to allow customers to have greater choice and control over electricity and gas use. ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 10 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024  Technologies Required For the Smart Grid o Electronics and Energy Storage: o High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission and back-to-back schemes and Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) to enable long distance transport and integration of renewable energy sources; o different power electronic interfaces and power electronic supporting devices to provide efficient connection of renewable energy sources and energy storage devices; o series capacitors, Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFC) and other FACTS devices to provide greater control over power flows in the AC grid; o energy storage to facilitate greater flexibility and reliability of the power system. ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 11 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024  References 1. M. Chaudry, J. Ekanayake, and N. Jenkins, Optimum control strategy of a mCHP unit, in Proc. International Journal of Distributed Energy Resources, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 265-280, 2008. 2. ANSI C84.1-1977: Voltage Ratings for Electric Power Systems and Equipment, American National Standards Institute. 3. J. Momoh, Smart Grid: Fundamentals of design and analysis, Wiley & Sons Inc., New Jersey, 2012. 4. J. Ekanayake and N. Jenkins, Smart Grid: Technology and applications, Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2012. ELEE 4115U Fundamentals of Smart Grid Copyright 2016 12 Dr. Walid G. Morsi Fall 2024