Cell Cycle Phases - PDF

SECTIONYE the uterusthatwasProper Mignmentsmaste - KEY PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE : -Interp...

SECTIONYE the uterusthatwasProper Mignmentsmaste - KEY PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE : -Interphase LOSutokimsis) 01. Prophase 2 Prometaphase. 3. Metaphase u. Anaphase S Telophasenesis. INTERPHASE : the longest phase where the all prepares for division. - It includes 3 subphases : psmotsandorgana DANAPHASE chromatid : Separation The ANA replication : leg Sufficient damage). Sisterchromatiduplicatcopeof eachchromosomus. nutrients no Preperation : The all to , gets ready enter the Sphase by ·oh 2 a matids. tinegrowing and makingproformits chromosom speedintotoidenticalsets A PROPHASE : mine On E TELOPHASE : chromosomes arrive at polls thechromatis reachoppositea : is ·oppnat bach into chromatin. Nuclear numbrane re-forms Two nuclar envelops form around the : separated chromosomes at each pole so ring forms beDNAdgdmpichstill contractive : B PROMETAPHASE : Nuclear membrane that envelope breakdown the nuclear surroundsthe : breaks down. chromosomesto more eall s chromosomes Chromosome Attachment : thechromosomesachtoMespindlefibres visomosome a 3 CUTUMINESIS: Otisingms aAs Divisionofcytoplasmithecupasmdividecreatingtospatedargursathe , all intwo.This creates a chavage furrow that fully Septi s SUMMARY : Internation- mitosis M-PHASE (MITUSIS + CYTOKINESIS) : Prophase - chromosomes : condense spindle forms , Prometaphase - : nuclar envelope breaks down chromosomes attach to -MetaphasichromosomesHighatthea , spindle as -Teophasechromosarimat poumwuclar membraneso i s SECTIONE PROGRESSION T CHECKPOINTS acychprogressionis controlled by Cylindependent kinases(aus) - and case omolecularswitchtTokins I KEY COMPONENTS OF CELL CYCLE REGULATION : A CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES ((aUs) : the Caus are enzymes that control the all cycle by per phadphosphategroup protins. theyactivatespecificprotinsrequiredfulprogressio ninding of cyclin. BN · are Cyclin Luk protins that rise and full regulate during the different activity of stages Cas of the allsbinding aits 6-cycling : present in from early 61 to , activates Caus to push the all 61 S-phase. Comaitactivatesthanwhichthen 4/S-cyclius :present becomandduring S-phase , a masn phosphosi s ScuusiactivatecustoensureANAreplicationcontinuesinSpaainto mitosis and chromosome condensation. 2 THE CELL LUCLE CHECUPOINTS : these checkpointsmonitortheprogress ofthe everthingaa cuchto ensure Mage or improper chromosome alignment. OCEONATRANS check for DNA factors damage and to continue sufficient nutrients+ Is with the cu or environment e n te r a favorable? sing statedidmronmentis growth must be present to proceed G2/M CHECKPOINT : begins ensures ANAreplicationiscompute mitosis asitosis before aa they are lookingforunreplicatedordamade - to be repaired before it continues through the all cycle. Is environment favorable? MAMASANARASTRANSIONsareproper · i t attached to the 3 ROOFMTRANansition bu activating proteins like conceia Monwhichresponsea b · Si Growin compUX that chopsMicahproteinS ~ into individual · ensures that the all doesn't prematurely out progress · ~Ruge ta S , wila r a gam an Sectors 6 CANCERT COMPLEXES : CYCLIN-CaK unregulacaptivity canuatunoo dinswisamarkotcana · the progress through despite ANA cycle damage growth CANCER TREATMENT WITH CAL INHIBITORS - ·initpabambatable thastopsinase ·  SECTION UL MITOTIC SPINDLE + CUTOMINESIS thebipolararray ocdiftautosomesoneatous. on COMPOSITION + FUNCTION OF THE MITOTIC SPINDLE : that - the mitotic spindle is a structure organizes thathelppush and position motorproteins eul o separated correctly intoI new daughter alls. ensuring they are the spindle is made up of microtubules , which dynamic protein fillaments that can - are rapidly grow and shrink the autosomeasastheorganizingunter formicrotubuus during mission - MICROTUBULES : 3 TYPES OF I ASTRAL: to the all cortex -extend from the spindle pol and helps anchor the spindle. ~ KINETHOREromosomes atthe hiuticho (a protein complex on the chromosomea set 3Rouspindh pok totheur,overlapping in the Middle anda 2 KINETOCHORE : THE - a protein structure located on the chromosome where hinichore microtobous attach. It is essential for chromosome alignment and proper separation mitosis. the during proper attachment of kinetichores to the microtobous ensures accurate chromosome - attacked the all will half segregation. If all hinetochores aren't , progression to avoid errors in chromosome distribution. TRANSITION : 3 METAPHASE-TO-ANAPHASE of the all The in the enter metaphase-to-anaphase transition pullinghmsomscrotubules in metaphase , chromosomes aligh. - to ensure that all chromosomes are attached to the spindle microtobuls. is a critical checkpoint properly glusion oncahinichoresanattachedtomicrotubulesthe - protinthathadous sir METAPHASE-TO- ANAPHASE CHECUPOINT : - The APCKC is a key protein complex that triggers the transition from metaphase to anaphase Iany himochores - are microtubul , the all cycle will unattad to arest at this checkpoint e is to · base AVOSTARGETMEMOTSPNDtaxel and decetaxel the , target witspider pur dining and opinomosomes Thistriggers themetaphase - toanaphasecuchpoint,radingtoaa ·