Cardiovascular system assessment 2024.pdf

ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES  Physiological Functioning Events in the cardiac cycle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IS9TD9fHFv0 The Cardiac Cycle  Physiological Functioning Cardiac Conduction system: https://www.youtube....

ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES  Physiological Functioning Events in the cardiac cycle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IS9TD9fHFv0 The Cardiac Cycle  Physiological Functioning Cardiac Conduction system: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYZ4daFwMa8 Cardiac conduction system  COMMON CONCERNING SIGNS/SYMPTOMS Chest pain 5 KILLERS – ACS, pneumothorax, tamponade, pulmonary embolus, aortic dissection. Acute Coronary Syndrome - [unstable Angina, NSTEMI/STEMI (not stable angina – why?)] – retrosternal, anterior chest (posterior chest?), radiation, “discomfort”, “squeeze”, “tight”, “heavy”, sympathetic Pneumothorax – history of trauma, build, dyspnea, jugular venous pressure, pulse oximetry, auscultatory findings. Tamponade – blood or effusion, hypotension, narrow pulse pressure, auscultatory findings, jugular venous pressure. Embolus – sudden-onset dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia, pulse oximetry, pleural effusion, haemoptysis. Aortic dissection – tearing, ripping, migrating, hypertension, anatomical findings, sympathetic  COMMON OR CONCERNING SIGNS/SYMPTOMS Palpitations Heartbeat awareness, syncope, dysphagia, diaphoresis, “dizziness”, chest pain – Atrial fibrillation, ischaemia, PSVT, POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome), cardiac failure. “Shortness of Breath” ONSET IS CRITICAL Acute = pulmonary embolus, pneumothorax, ACS. Chronic =Cardiac failure, infection  COMMON OR CONCERNING SIGNS/SYMPTOMS Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea/Orthopnea – Usually within 1-2 hours of being supine, with wheezing or unproductive cough, resolves on position change. Cardiac failure Edema Often insidious – shoes, socks, hand/wrist jewellery, dyspnea, waistline. Cardiac/renal/liver/nutritional disease. (weight change)  COMMON OR CONCERNING SIGNS/SYMPTOMS Fatigue Exercise intolerance (realistic measure), level of daily activity, shortness of breath, somnolence.  Physical Assessment ECG Lead Placement: ELECTRODE PLACEMENT V1 4th Intercostal space to the right of the sternum V2 4th Intercostal space to the left of the sternum V3 Midway between V2 and V4 V4 5th Intercostal space at the midclavicular line V5 Anterior axillary line at the same level as V4 V6 Midaxillary line at the same level as V4 and V5 RL Anywhere above the ankle and below the torso RA Anywhere between the shoulder and the elbow LL Anywhere above the ankle and below the torso LA Anywhere between the shoulder and the elbow  Physical Assessment ECG interpretation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUn8P5hRG0c ECG interpretation the basics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwLbSx9BNbU 12 Lead ECG interpretation  Physical Assessment Cardiovascular assessment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Xq1eIO6D5w Jugular Venous Pressure Assessment Carotid, central, peripheral pulse assessment. Thrills and Bruits. Cardiac Auscultation. Apical and Right Ventricular Heave Peripheral signs.