Cardiovascular System PPT PDF

CARDIOVASCULA R SYSTEM CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Heart Wall Which of the following muscular layer of the heart covers the entire heart? a. Pericardium b. Epicardium c. Myocardium d. Endocardium Chambers Which of the following propels deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation via...

CARDIOVASCULA R SYSTEM CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Heart Wall Which of the following muscular layer of the heart covers the entire heart? a. Pericardium b. Epicardium c. Myocardium d. Endocardium Chambers Which of the following propels deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary artery? a. Right atrium b. Left atrium c. Right ventricle d. Left ventricle Valves It is located between the left atrium and left ventricle a. Tricuspid valve b. Mitral valve c. Pulmonic valve d. Aortic valve Conduction system It is also known as delayed conduction system of the heart a. Sinoatrial node b. Atrioventricular node c. Bundle of His d. Purkinje fibers Coronary circulation It returns blood from the myocardium back to the right atrium a. Coronary artery b. Pulmonary artery c. Coronary sinus d. Pulmonary vein Vascular system It is where the exchange of O2 and CO2, solutes between the blood and tissues and fluids occurs a. Arteries b. Veins c. Capillaries  Cardiac Disorders Myocardial infarction The death of myocardial cells from inadequate oxygenation, often caused by a sudden complete blockage of a coronary artery Assessment findings: 1. Chest pain severe, persistent, crushing substernal discomfort radiates to the neck, arm, jaw and back occurs without cause, primarily early morning unrelieved by rest and nitroglycerine last 30 minutes or more Assessment findings: 2. Dyspnea 3. Diaphoresis 4. Cold clammy skin 5. Nausea and vomiting 6. Restlessness 7. Hypotension Laboratory findings: 1. Elevated myocardial enzymes  CK-MB, LDH and Troponin 2. ECG  ST segment elevation  T wave inversion Nursing management: 1. Administer O2 as ordered 2. Administer medications:  Morphine  Thrombolytics  Aspirin  Anticoagulant  Stool softeners 3. Provide bed rest with semi-fowler’s position 4. Minimize anxiety 5. Monitor ECG 6. Instruct pt to avoid constipation, suppositories and anal intercourse 7. Assist in treatment modalities  PTCA and CABG 8. Minimize metabolic demands  Provide soft diet  Provide a low-sodium, low cholesterol and low fat diet Thank you